Medical radiation exposures for diagnostic radiology in Malaysia

The medical radiation usage for diagnostic radiology in Malaysia (a Level II country) for 1990-1994 is reported, enabling a comparison to be made for the first time with the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation Report. In 1994, the number of physicians, radiologists, x-ray units, and x-ray examinations per 1,000 population was 0.45, 0.005, 0.065, and 183, respectively. (Level I countries had averages of 2.6, 0.072, 0.35, and 860, respectively). In 1994, a total of 3.6 million x-ray examinations were performed; the annual effective dose per capita to the population was 0.05 mSv, and the collective effective dose aas 1,000 person-Sv. Chest examinations contributed 63 of the total. Almost all examinations experienced increasing frequency from 1990 to 1994 except for barium studies, cholecystography, and intravenous urography (-23, -36, -51). These decreases are related to the increasing use of ultrasound and greater availability of fiberoptic endoscopy. Notable increases during the same period were observed in computed tomography (161), cardiac procedures (190), and mammography (240). In order to progress from Level II to Level I status Malaysia needs to expand and upgrade radiological service in tandem with the health care development of the country. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down

Industry 4.0 – LabVIEW Based Industrial IoT Condition Monitoring System

As a result of a substantial shift in focus towards a more digital industry, multiple sectors of industry are now realising the potential of Industry 4.0 and Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The manufacturing industry in particular is subject to unexpected machine downtime from component wear over an extended period. With Industrial IoT (IIoT) technology implemented, there is the potential for gathering large quantities of data, which can be used for preventative maintenance. This research article addresses some of the technological requirements for developing an IoT industrial condition monitoring network, whose composition makes use of wireless devices along with conventional wired methods to enable a series of data capture and control operations in amongst a network of nodes. To provide a platform to host these operations, the industry standard fieldbus protocol Modbus TCP was used in conjunction with the LabVIEW development environment, where a bespoke graphical user interface was developed to provide control and a visual representation of the data collected. In addition, one of the nodes acted as the output for hardware displays, which in turn correlated the alarm status of the user interface. By using industry standard communication protocols, it was also possible to enable connectivity between real industry hardware, further extending the capabilities of the system

Effect of Different Supplement on Degradation of Dry Matter and Fiber of Untreated and Urea Treated Rice Straw in the Rumen of Sheep

The study was conducted to investigate the degradation of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergentfiber (NDF) of urea untreated (URS) and urea treated rice straw (TRS) incubated in the rumen of sheepfed different diet. Three fistulated sheep were fed on urea-treated rice straw basal diet with threesupplemental treatment diets which consisted of control diet (T0) mulberry and molasses; mulberry,rice bran and urea (T1); and rice bran and urea (T2). Either URS or TRS was placed in nylon bags andincubated in the rumen at 0, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Parameters recorded were degradation of DMand NDF, rumen pH, rumen ammonia. The results showed that DM degradability of URS of the diet T1was significantly lower than other diets. Similarly the URS degradability of rumen-insoluble fraction(b) of DM and NDF of T1 diet was significantly lower than those of T0 and T2 diet. DM and NDFdegradability of URS was not affected by diets. The rumen ammonia concentration of T1 and T2 wassignificantly higher than those T0, but still higher than critical ammonia concentration required forrumen microbial synthesis. These results suggest that different supplementations have no significanteffect on DM and NDF degradability of TRS

Theoretical review on sin2beta(phi_1) from b to s penguins

Recent theoretical results of the standard model expectations on $\sin2\beta_{\rm eff}$ from penguin-dominated $b \to s$ decays are briefly reviewed.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, Flavor Physics & CP Violation Conference, Taipei, 200

Towards Software Based Optical Communication Methods for the Assistance of Docking Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

The use of optical communications systems is prevalent in underwater robotics when short-range data transmission is required or preferred. This paper proposes a method of producing and testing an optical communications system for use in the assistance of optical docking for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). It describes how the Simulink modelling environment was used to program and simulate a model of a transmitter, which was then implemented on a microcontroller. The transmitter model implemented on hardware was then used to produce an optical signal, which was sampled, logged and used to design a receiver model in Simulink. For signalling purposes, the experiment used a light-emitting diode (LED) with a driver circuit and photodiode based receiver. This simulated approach using real world data enabled the analysis of the system at every point during the process, allowing for a hardware in the loop style approach to be used in the receiver model design. Consequently, the Simulink Coder was used to produce the receiver model’s equivalent in C++ for later deployment. A benchmark was determined through experimentation to compare within future studies; the system was tested and found to operate effectively at distances between 1 m and 12 m in a controlled in air test environment

Non-invasive Markers for Diagnosis of Liver Cirrhosis in Chronic Hepatitis B

Background: Indonesia is an endemic country for hepatitis B viral infection. Thus, early diagnosis of cirrhosis is important to be established with regard to prompt treatment and to determine the patients' prognosis. Liver biopsy which is a gold standard in diagnosing liver cirrhosis has several limitations, such as expensive and invasive. The objective of this study was to identify the accuracy of non-invasive markers: aspartate/alanine transaminase ratio (AAR), age-platelet index (API), aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI), spleen to platelet ratio index (SPRI), and age-spleen-platelet ratio index (ASPRI) in predicting cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B patients. Methods: A diagnostic study was performed in Division of Hepatology and Hepatology Outpatient Clinic, Depatment of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between January 2009 and July 2010, with the participation of 71 chronic hepatitis B patients who had undergone liver biopsy consecutively. Stage of fibrosis was determined based on the METAVIR scoring system. Five non-invasive markers: AAR, API, APRI, SPRI, and ASPRI were compared with liver biopsy Results. Statistical analysis was performed by using T-test and Spearman correlation test using SPSS version 13. Results: API, APRI, SPRI, and ASPRI had significant correlation with the incidence of liver cirrhosis in hepatitis B infection (p < 0.05). However, AAR had no correlation with the incidence of cirrhosis. Using the cut-off point of 1.19, APRI was the best marker with area under curve (AUC) 0.91, sensitivity 83.3%, and specificity 89.2%. Conclusion: Non-invasive markers were suitable in predicting cirrhosis and have the potential to decrease the number of liver biopsy in chronic hepatitis B patients

Complicated Benign Peptic Stricture of the Esophagus

Peptic esophageal stricture secondary to gastroesophageal reflux is an important cause of esophageal stenosis and dysphagia. Symptoms of peptic strictures are usually insidious but progressive beginning with dysphagia to solids followed by dysphagia to liquids. It was estimated to occur in up to 20% of untreated patients, which has decreased significantly since the era of proton pump inhibitor therapy. The presence of esophageal reflux stricture is typically diagnosed by means of a barium esophagogram, although endoscopy may have both diagnostic and therapeutic value. Treatment usually involves dilation combined with acid- suppressive therapy. We reported a 43-year-old patient with complicated benign peptic stricture of the esophagus that finally underwent esophageal resection, a rarely therapeutic option

Alternatif Pemilihan Bahan Pipa untuk Mencegah Korosi pada Raw Water Filter Mesin SWD 6TM410RR PLTD Hative Kecil

Pusat Listrik Tenaga Diesel (PLTD) adalah pembangkit listrik yang menggunakan sistem mesin pembakaran dalam yang memerlukan sistem pendinginan. Proses pembakaran pada ruang bakar akan menimbulkan panas yang tinggi selama pembakaran berlangsung. Oleh sebab itu untuk menghindari terjadinya kerusakan pada material yang berhubungan langsung dengan proses pembakaran maka diperlukan proses pendinginan. Salah satu Sistem pendinginan pada mesin yang terdapat di PLTD Hative Kecil yaitu yang sistem pendinginan dengan menggunakan media air laut (raw waer cooling system). Sistem pendingin tersebut digunakan untuk mendinginkan minyak pelumas, jacket water, dan intercooler. Raw water cooling system memiliki efisiensi yang lebih tinggi dan dapat mendinginkan secara merata. Adapun kerugian raw water cooling system adalah pada instalasi pemipaan dan komponennya mudah sekali terjadi pengkaratan disebabkan air laut yang bersifat korosif. Raw water cooling system mengalami korosi pada filternya (berbahan stainless steel) sehingga membuat lubang-lubang filter menjadi semakin besar. Korosi tersebut mengakibatkan banyak kotoran yang tembus melewati lubang-lubang filter hingga menutupi lubang-lubang tubing pendingin minyak pelumas, jacket water dan intercooler. Tentunya kondisi ini sangat mengganggu kelancaran operasional dan pemeliharaan mesin karena terjadinya penurunan performa, mesin trip akibat over heating dan dapat berdampak pada kerusakan material. Untuk itu dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut maka diadakan penelitian untuk dilakukan pemilihan bahan raw water filter dengan menggunakan bahan pipa sehingga diharapkan Raw water cooling system tidak mengalami korosi pada filternya

Large Electric Dipole Moments of Heavy Leptons

In many models of CP violation, the electric dipole moments (EDMs) of leptons scale as the cube of the lepton mass. In these models, the EDM of a 100 GeV heavy lepton would be a billion times greater than that of the muon, and could be as large as a 0.01 e-fermi. In other models, in which the heavy leptons have different properties from the lighter generations, a similarly large EDM can be obtained. A large EDM could dominate the electromagnetic properties of heavy leptons. The angular distribution and production cross-section of both charged and neutral heavy leptons with large dipole moments is calculated and discussed. The interesting possibility that a heavy neutrino with a large EDM could leave an ionization track in a drift chamber is investigated.Comment: Discussion expanded extensively to include model-dependence of results. Calculations unchanged. Note Added To Acknowledgments: This paper is dedicated to the memory of Nathan Isgu

P and T Violation From Certain Dimension Eight Weinberg Operators

Dimension eight operators of the Weinberg type have been shown to give important contributions to CP violating phenomena, such as the electric dipole moment of the neutron. In this note we show how operators related to these (and expected to occur on equal footing) can give rise to time-reversal violating phenomena such as atomic electric dipole moments. We also estimate the induced parity violating phenomena such as small ``wrong'' parity admixtures in atomic states and find that they are negligible. Uses harvmac.tex and epsf.tex; one figure submitted as a uuencoded, compressed EPS file.Comment: 6 pages, EFI-92-5