CONSERVATIVE FLUIDS AND LUBRICANTS BASED ON TURBINE OIL, NITRO, AMIDO AND PARAFFIN WAX

To create conservation fluids and lubricants based on the oil acids and polyethylene polyamine (PEPA) synthesized amidoamines, and based on α-olefins (C12, C14 and C16-C18) and the nitric acids-nitro compounds. Using of amido, nitro and solid n-paraffins in the turbine oil T-30 (Standard 32-74) formulated lubricants and conservation fluid which are tested under different conditions. It is shown that in comparison with the preservative fluid, the preservative lubrication more effective

Telomerization reaction of ethylene with ethanol

The research's main aim is to synthesize saturated alcohols containing four or more carbon atoms in the chain from ethylene and ethanol, which are products of natural gas processing. During of investigation, isobutyl and isohexyl alcohols were synthesized, and the optimal conditions for the process were determined. The dependence of the product yield on various factors has been studied

Controlling a magnetic Feshbach resonance with laser light

The capability to tune the strength of the elastic interparticle interaction is crucial for many experiments with ultracold gases. Magnetic Feshbach resonances are a tool widely used for this purpose, but future experiments would benefit from additional flexibility such as spatial modulation of the interaction strength on short length scales. Optical Feshbach resonances offer this possibility in principle, but suffer from fast particle loss due to light-induced inelastic collisions. Here we show that light near-resonant with a molecular bound-to-bound transition can be used to shift the magnetic field at which a magnetic Feshbach resonance occurs. This makes it possible to tune the interaction strength with laser light and at the same time induce considerably less loss than an optical Feshbach resonance would do

The rs11385942 and rs657152 variants are not associated with COVID-19 severity and outcomes in patients treated with favipiravir and remdesivir

Background. There is a mounting evidence in the scientific literature that susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection could vary. The severity of COVID-19 symptoms can  range from asymptomatic to severe respiratory failure, requiring prolonged artificial ventilation. The underlying causes of this range of clinical manifestations remain unclear. Identification of the risk factors that may cause this variation in clinical symptoms is important for identifying the most susceptible populations at highest risk. This should help improve prevention measures, reduce hospitalizations, and decrease the mortality rate of the disease. Previously, an association has been found between the severity of COVID-19 and the genetic markers rs11385942 G>GA and rs657152 A>C.The aim. To assess the impact of carrying polymorphic markers rs11385942 G>GA and rs657152 A>C on the severity of COVID-19 in patients undergoing specific therapy. Materials and methods. A total of 240 patients hospitalized with a coronavirus infection were included in the study. All patients received therapy with favipiravir or remdesivir. The presence of the rs11385942 G>GA and rs657152 A>C variants was determined in all patients. The study compared the length of hospital stays, frequency of patient transfers to the intensive care unit (ICU), and frequency of clinical outcomes (recovery or death) among carriers of allelic variants of the markers under investigation.Results. There were no significant associations between the carriage of variants rs11385942 G>GA and rs657152 A>C and the duration of patients’ hospitalization, frequency of patient transfers to the ICU, and patient outcomes.Conclusion. The carriage of rs11385942 G>GA and rs657152 A>C variants did not affect the severity or type of clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19

Структура распределения генетических детерминант эффективности и безопасности нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов в российской популяции: фокус на CYP2C8, PTGS1 и PTGS2

The efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be determined by the polymorphic nature of the CYP2C8, PTGS1 and PTGS2 genes.Objective: to analyze the nature of the distribution of CYP2C8*3 (rs10509681), CYP2C8*3 (rs11572080), PTGS1 (rs10306135), PTGS1 (rs12353214) and PTGS2 (rs20417) among residents of the North Caucasus.Patients and methods. The study involved 676 volunteers from Russian, Balkar, Kabardian and Ossetian ethnic groups. Carriage of polymorphic markers CYP2C8, PTGS1 and PTGS2 was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results and discussion. There were no significant differences between the groups in the rs10509681 and rs11572080 variants of the CYP2C8 gene. In all groups, the carriage of a combination of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 alleles, encoding the phenotype of normal metabolizers, prevailed with a frequency of about 75% or more. The rs10306135 variant of the PTGS1 gene was found in 5.9% of Russians, 1.1% of Balkars, 5.3% of Kabardians, and 10.6% of Ossetians; variant rs12353214 – in 19.1; 9.4; 10.8 and 9.2%, rs20417 polymorphism of the PTGS2 gene in 0.4; 5; 2.8 and 3.1% respectively.Conclusion. The data obtained can be used to develop a more rational approach to the prescription of NSAIDs, taking into account the genetic characteristics of the local population in ethnic regions.Эффективность и безопасность применения нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов (НПВП) может определяться полиморфной природой генов CYP2C8, PTGS1 и PTGS2.Цель исследования – анализ характера распределения CYP2C8*3 (rs10509681), CYP2C8*3 (rs11572080), PTGS1 (rs10306135), PTGS1 (rs12353214) и PTGS2 (rs20417) среди жителей Северного Кавказа.Пациенты и методы. В исследовании участвовали 676 добровольцев из русской, балкарской, кабардинской и осетинской этнических групп. Носительство полиморфных маркеров CYP2C8, PTGS1 и PTGS2 определялось с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени.Результаты и обсуждение. Значимых различий между группами по вариантам rs10509681 и rs11572080 гена CYP2C8 не получено. Во всех группах преобладало носительство комбинации аллелей CYP2C8 и CYP2C9, кодирующих фенотип нормальных метаболизаторов с частотой около 75% и более. Вариант rs10306135 гена PTGS1 выявлен у 5,9% русских, 1,1% балкарцев, 5,3% кабардинцев и 10,6% осетин; вариант rs12353214 – у 19,1; 9,4; 10,8 и 9,2%, полиморфизм rs20417 гена PTGS2 – у 0,4; 5; 2,8 и 3,1% соответственно.Заключение. Полученные данные могут быть использованы при разработке более рационального подхода к назначению НПВП, учитывающего генетические особенности местного населения в этнических регионах

The Global Burden of Alveolar Echinococcosis

Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the larval stage of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, is amongst the world's most dangerous zoonoses. Transmission to humans is by consumption of parasite eggs which are excreted in the faeces of the definitive hosts: foxes and, increasingly, dogs. Transmission can be through contact with the definitive host or indirectly through contamination of food or possibly water with parasite eggs. We made an intensive search of English, Russian, Chinese and other language databases. We targeted data which could give country specific incidence or prevalence of disease and searched for data from every country we believed to be endemic for AE. We also used data from other sources (often unpublished). From this information we were able to make an estimate of the annual global incidence of disease and disease burden using standard techniques for calculation of DALYs. Our studies suggest that AE results in a median of 18,235 cases globally with a burden of 666,433 DALYs per annum. This is the first estimate of the global burden of AE both in terms of global incidence and DALYs and demonstrates the burden of AE is comparable to several diseases in the neglected tropical disease cluster

Two Distinct Modes of Hypoosmotic Medium-Induced Release of Excitatory Amino Acids and Taurine in the Rat Brain In Vivo

A variety of physiological and pathological factors induce cellular swelling in the brain. Changes in cell volume activate several types of ion channels, which mediate the release of inorganic and organic osmolytes and allow for compensatory cell volume decrease. Volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC) are thought to be responsible for the release of some of organic osmolytes, including the excitatory neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate. In the present study, we compared the in vivo properties of the swelling-activated release of glutamate, aspartate, and another major brain osmolyte taurine. Cell swelling was induced by perfusion of hypoosmotic (low [NaCl]) medium via a microdialysis probe placed in the rat cortex. The hypoosmotic medium produced several-fold increases in the extracellular levels of glutamate, aspartate and taurine. However, the release of the excitatory amino acids differed from the release of taurine in several respects including: (i) kinetic properties, (ii) sensitivity to isoosmotic changes in [NaCl], and (iii) sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, which is known to modulate VRAC. Consistent with the involvement of VRAC, hypoosmotic medium-induced release of the excitatory amino acids was inhibited by the anion channel blocker DNDS, but not by the glutamate transporter inhibitor TBOA or Cd2+, which inhibits exocytosis. In order to elucidate the mechanisms contributing to taurine release, we studied its release properties in cultured astrocytes and cortical synaptosomes. Similarities between the results obtained in vivo and in synaptosomes suggest that the swelling-activated release of taurine in vivo may be of neuronal origin. Taken together, our findings indicate that different transport mechanisms and/or distinct cellular sources mediate hypoosmotic medium-induced release of the excitatory amino acids and taurine in vivo

Ten-year long-term outcomes of conventional and eversion carotid endarterectomy. Multicenter study

Aim. To analyze the immediate and long-term outcomes of eversion and conventional carotid endarterectomy (CE) with patch angioplasty.Material and methods. For the period from February 1, 2006 to September 1, 2021, the present retrospective multicenter open comparative study included 25106 patients who underwent CE. Depending on the technique of operation, the following groups were formed: group 1 (n=18362) — eversion CE; group 2 (n=6744) — conventional CE with patch angioplasty. The long-term follow-up period was 124,7±53,8 months.Results. In the hospital postoperative period, the groups were comparable in incidence of all complications: lethal outcome (group 1: 0,19%, n=36; group 2: 0,17%, n=12; p=0,89; odds ratio (OR) =1,1; 95% confidence interval (CI) =0,57- 2,11); myocardial infarction (MI) (group 1: 0,15%, n=28; group 2: 0,13%, n=9; p=0,87; OR=1,14; 95% CI=0,53-2,42); stroke (group 1: 0,33%, n=62; group 2: 0,4%, n=27; p=0,53; OR=0,84; 95% CI=0,53-1,32); bleeding with hematoma formation (group 1: 0,39%, n=73; group 2: 0,41%, n=28; p=0,93; OR=0,95; 95% CI=0,61-1,48); internal carotid artery (ICA) thrombosis (group 1: 0,05%, n=11; group 2: 0,07%, n=5, p=0,9; OR=0,8; 95% CI=0,28-2,32). In the long-term follow-up, the groups were comparable only in MI incidence: group 1: 0,56%, n=103; group 2: 0,66%, n=45; p=0,37; OR=0,84; 95% CI=0,59-1,19. All other complications were more frequent after conventional CE with patch angioplasty: all-cause death (group 1: 2,7%, n=492; group 2: 9,1%, n=616; p<0,0001; OR=0,27; 95% CI=0,24-0,3); lethal ischemic stroke (group 1: 1,0%, n=180; group 2: 5,5%, n=371; p<0,0001; OR=0,17; 95% CI=0,14-0,21); non-lethal ischemic stroke (group 1: 0,62%, n=114; group 2: 7,0%, n=472; p<0,0001; OR=0,08; 95% CI=0,06-0,1); ICA restenosis >60%, requiring re-revascularization (group 1: 1,6%, n=296; group 2: 12,6%, n=851; p<0,0001; OR=0,11; 95% CI=0,09-0,12). Thus, the composite endpoint (lethal ischemic stroke + non-lethal ischemic stroke + MI) after conventional CE with patch angioplasty was more than 6 times higher than this parameter of eversion CE: group 1: 2,2%, n=397; group 2: 13,2%, n=888; p<0,0001; OR=0,14; 95% CI=0,12-1,16.Conclusion. Conventional CE with patch angioplasty is not prefer for cerebral revascularization in the presence of hemodynamically significant ICA stenosis due to the high prevalence of deaths, stroke, and ICA restenosis in the long-term follow-up

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8–13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05–6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50–75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life. Funding Pfizer, Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sanofi–Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Regeneron

Clinical Estimate of the Efficacy of Osteoplastic Material Osteon Collagen 3 in Filling Jawbone Defects by Socket Preservation Method

After the extraction of a tooth in the alveolar ridge the mechanism of irreversible changes is triggered, in particular, the ridge itself in the area of   the tooth socket begins to decrease in volume and morphologically transform. These changes subsequently create unfavorable conditions for prosthetics procedures in the extraction site and sometimes the impossibility of installing the implant (2, 3). Preventive measures on the part of the dental surgeon and in particular the manipulation of the tooth socket, which help to preserve its volume, help not only to carry out the implantation procedure in this place, but also to achieve an excellent aesthetic and functional result when prosthetic on the implant. Such measures can be applied thanks to the modern development of technological production of modern technologies for the creation of materials for guide bone regeneration (GBR). The possibility of using the none resorbed and the resorbed barrier membrans with only one substitute material Osteon Collagen 3 for preserving alveolar ridge after tooth removal was disclosing in this article