New combined model of high impedance arcing fault in overhead transmission system

High impedance fault is a popular complex phenomenon that exhibits high nonlinear behavior. For most distinctive characteristics of high impedance fault, are asymmetry and nonlinearity, so, in order to obtain an accurate model of high impedance fault, it is necessary to develop a model that gives the most distinctive characteristics of high impedance fault. In this paper we propose a novel model of high impedance arcing fault in electrical power transmission system. Proposed model is based on the digital arc model incorporated with specially developed custom model which has been designed in PSCAD/EMTDC program. The results is clearly reveal that the proposed model gives the important characteristics of high impedance fault (HIF) which is essential for development of reliable detection algorithms

Chastising Women: A Means to Resolve Marital Problems?

The writer used to find in the declining state of the umma vis-à-vis the surrounding world, the cultural and intellectual attacks against it, and the deteriorating status of human rights of Muslims, all together, as the dilemma which encounters the advocates of Islam and human rights. A notable matter is the ‘chastisement’ of women as a prerogative of the husband and a way to resolve problems of the nuptial association that result from the recalcitrance and disobedience of women and their disaffection for and alienation from their spouses. He was always aware of the reasons and implications of that dilemma, in particular, due to its significance and relevance to the modern world

Electrical simulation in addition to passive stretch has a small effect on spasticity and contracture in children with cerebral palsy: a randomised within-participant controlled trial

QuestionDoes electrical stimulation in addition to passive stretching reduce spasticity and contracture more than passive stretching alone in children with cerebral palsy?DesignRandomised within-participant controlled trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding, and intention-to-treat analysis.ParticipantsEleven (one dropout) children with cerebral palsy and bilateral knee flexor spasticity aged 13 years (SD 1).InterventionOne leg in each participant received the experimental intervention for four weeks which consisted of 30 min of electrical stimulation of the quadriceps 3 times per week and passive stretching of the hamstrings 5 times per week. The other leg received the control intervention for four weeks which consisted of passive stretching of the hamstrings 5 times per week.Outcome measuresSpasticity of the hamstrings was measured using the modified Ashworth scale. Contracture was measured as maximum passive knee extension using goniometry.Results: The mean difference in decrease in the modified Ashworth score due to the addition of electrical stimulation to the stretching regimen was 0.8 points (95% CI 0.1 to 1.5). The mean difference in increase in passive knee extension due to the addition of electrical stimulation to the stretching regimen was 4 degrees (95% CI 0 to 7).ConclusionElectrical stimulation combined with passive stretching is marginally more effective than passive stretching alone for spastic limbs of children with cerebral palsy

Water Supply Alternatives for the Tripoli Area, North-Western Libya

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Detection of optimum maturity of maize using image processing and artificial neural networks

Maize is one of the most widely cultivated crops in Nigeria having good contents of protein, carbohydrate and fat. The leaves of maize are also very good source of food for grazing livestock like cows, goats, sheep, etc. However, in Nigeria the leaves are left in farm lands to dry up completely (brownish) or even rot with little or no nutritional value to livestock. At the maturity of maize the leaves are still maintaining green coloration and the stalk are still fresh. Changes in the maize leaf coloration during maturity were studied. A CCD camera for image acquisition of the different green colorations of the maize leaves at maturity was used. Different color features were extracted from the image processing system (MATLAB) and used as inputs to the artificial neural network that classify different levels of maturity.Keywords: Maize, Maturity, CCD Camera, Image Processing, Artificial Neural Networ

Elliptical symmetry and exchangeability with characterizations

AbstractWe establish certain general characterization results on elliptically symmetric distributions and exchangeable random variables. These results yield, in particular, the results given earlier by Maxwell, Bartlett, Kingman, Ali, Smith, Arnold and Lynch, and several others

EFFECT OF UNCERTAINTY ON THE FATIGUE RELIABILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE DECK UNDER HIGH STRESS LOADS

The deterioration of reinforced concrete bridge deck that has been damaged as a result of load action can affect the durability, safety and function of the structure. In this paper, a reliability time-variant fatigue analysis and uncertainty effect on the serviceability of reinforced concrete bridge deck was carried out. A simply supported 15m bridge deck was specifically used for the investigation. Mathematical models were developed and the uncertainties in structural resistance, applied loadings as well as the structural components were accommodated using probabilistic method. The limit state functions were evaluated using the First Order Reliability Algorithm and the entire process was implemented using a developed MATLAB program called Rayswit.m. Failure in the deck shear region gave the most critical effect with a reliability index range of 6.95 to -12.38 when compared to flexure region with an index of 8.58 to -10.53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v35i3.

Phytochemical screening and thin layer chromatographic profile of Nauclea diderrichii leaf extracts

The present study investigates the phytochemicals and thin layer chromatographic profile ofNauclea diderrichii (Rubiaceae) leaf extracts. Phytochemical in the hexane, ethyl acetate andmethanol extracts were determined using standard chemical tests. Thin layer chromatographictechniques were carried out using various solvent systems of varying polarity on these extracts.Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins,phenolic compounds, tannins, phytosterols, carbohydrates, flavonoids and terpenoids. Furtherscreening using thin layer chromatographic technique on the N. diderrichii leaf extracts alsorevealed different phytochemical compounds with different Rf values. The results obtained inpresent study indicated that Nauclea diderrichii leaf is a rich source of phytochemicals. This could justifies the use of plant species in traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases.Keywords: Nauclea diderrichii, Rubiaceae Leaf extracts, Phytochemicals, Retention factor, TLC

Stochastic Simulation Model for a Tomato Processig Plant in Southeastern Oklahoma

Agricultural Economic

Influence of palm oil fuel ash on physico-mechanical properties of prepacked aggregate concrete

Prepacked aggregate concrete (PAC) is a special type of concrete which is made by placing coarse aggregate in a formwork and injecting a grout either by pump or under gravity force to fill the voids. Utilization of pozzolanic materials in traditional concrete has become increasingly extensive, and this trend is expected to continue in prepacked concrete as well. Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is one of the pozzolanic ashes, which has been recognized as a good pozzolanic material. This paper presents the results of some experimental tests on the performance behavior of POFA in developing physical and mechanical properties of prepacked aggregate concrete. Four concrete mixes namely prepacked concrete with 100% OPC as control, and PAC with 10%, 20% and 30% POFA were cast, and the temperature growth due to heat of hydration in all the mixtures was recorded. It has been found that POFA significantly reduced the temperature rise in prepacked concrete. The compressive and tensile strength, however, increased with replacement of POFA. The results obtained and the observation made in this study suggest that the replacement of OPC by POFA is beneficial, particularly for prepacked mass concrete where thermal cracking due to extreme heat rise is of great concern