FLORISTIC CHANGES IN A SUB-TROPICAL RAIN FOREST SUCCESSION

Floristic changes in a subtropical rain forest were assesed. Three regrowth forests aged 20 years, 50 years and 60 years and an undisturbed forest were sampled. The series of sites sho floristic changes that would be expected in a successional sequence. The regrowth forests were dominated by the secondary species but the primary species occur from the early stage. The oldest regrowth (60 year old-site) was still well short of regaining its original condition

SEED BANKS IN A SUBTROPICAL RAIN FOREST

The seasonal populations and vertical distribution of seed banks in a subtropical rain foirest were assesed. No seasonal variations were indicated in either the species composition or the size of seed bank over a year period. The number of seeds were 550 - 603 m square, and mostly composed of secondari species. This population decreased with increasing soil depths

RECOVERY OF A LOWLAND DIPTEROCARP FOREST TWENTY TWO YEARS AFTER SELECTIVE LOGGING AT SEKUNDUR, GUNUNG LEUSER NATIONAL PARK, NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA

PRIATNA, D.; KARTAWINATA, K.; ABDULHADI, R. 2004. Recovery of a lowland dipterocarp forest twenty two years after selective logging at Sekundur, Gunung Leuser National Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 12 (3): 237–255. — A permanent 2-ha plot of lowland forest selectively logged in 1978 at Sekundur, Gunung Leuser National Park,which is also a Biosphere Reserve and a World Heritage Site, North Sumatra,was established and investigated in 1982. It was re-examined in 2000, where remeasurement and reidentification of all trees with DBH =10 cm were made.The areas of gap, building and mature phases of the canopy were also measured and mapped. Within this plot, 133 species, 87 genera and 39 families were recorded, with the total number of trees of 1145 or density of 572.5/ha. Euphorbiaceae was the richest family with 18 species (13.5 % of the total) and total number of trees of 248 (21.7 % of the total or density of 124 trees/ha.The most important families were Dipterocarpaceae with IV (Importance Value) = 52.0, followed by Euphorbiaceae with IV = 51.8. The most prevalent species was Shorea kunstleri (Dipterocarpaceae) with IV =24.4, followed by Macaranga diepenhorstii (Euphorbiaceae) with IV = 12.4. They were the species with highest density, 34 trees/ha and 23.5 trees/ha, respectively. During the period of 18 years there has been no shift in the richest families, most importantfamilies and most important species. Euphorbiaceae was the richest family and Dipterocarpaceae was the most important family, with Shorea kunstleri as the most important species with highest importance value throughout the period. The number of species increased from 127 to 133 with increase in density by 36.8% , from 418.5 trees/ha to 572.5 trees/ha. The mortality was 25.57 % or 1.4 % per year. The diameter class distribution indicated that the forest recovery has not been complete. Trees were small, comprising 67.6 % with diameters of 10-20 cm and only two trees had diameters of 100 cm, i.e.Melanochyla caesia and Lithocarpus urceolaris. Based on the basal area of all species, the logged-over forest at Sekundur is estimated to reach the situation similar to undisturbed primary forest in 56 years after logging, but on the basis of basal area of Dipterocarpaceae such condition could be achieved in 172 years.The canopy has not fully recovered and the complete closure of gaps is estimated to take 53 years since the logging started. The canopy consisted of gap phase (24.6 %), building phase (19.7 %) and mature phase (55.7 %). During the period of 18 years the tree mortality was 25.57 % or the rate of 1.4 %/year.Euphorbiaceae experienced the highest mortality, particularly among the trees with diameters of 10-20 cm.Mortality decreased with the increase of diameters.During the same period 520 new trees of 16 species were recruited.The densities of 53 % of the species experienced changes of only one tree or no changes at all.Drastic increase in tree population occurred in light demanding species,such as Baccaurea kunstleri, Endospermum diadenum,Mallotus penangensis,Sapium baccatum and Macaranga diepenhorstii

Cendana (Santalum Album ) dan Keanekaragaman Inang Sekundernya di Daerah Pesisir Kolbano, Nusa Tenggara Timur

Sandalwood (Santalum album ) and diversity of their host secondary in Kolbano Village, Lesser Sunda Island. The population of sandalwood (Santalum album ) declined every year because is not cultivated yet by the local people. Inhibiting factors are not possess the knowledge and skills on sandalwood cultivation especially in host plant of sandalwood comprehension. Forest fire and illegal logging lead to lose of flora diversity and deteriorate of sandalwood growth. Result of this research shows that population of sandalwood in Kolbano Village is very low are four plants in Kampong Fatu Un and seven plants in kampong Spaha. In kampong Fatu Un was found eight species plant that compose to unity formation with sandalwood and seven species of them are secondary host of sandalwood. In kampong Spaha was obtained nine species plant that compose to sandalwood formation and seven species of them are secondary host of sandalwood. The highest distribution frequency of plant in two mentioned kampong was got by leucaena (Leucaena glauca) plant with respectively value 51.28% (Fatu Un) and 53.57 % (Spaha), whereas diversity value belong to Simpson Index were 0.71 (Fatu Un) and 0.64 (Spaha)

Penggunaan Botes AHW sebagai Alat Siram Tetes dalam Pembudidayaan Cendana di Kabupaten Belu, NTT

One of factors  that  causes the failure of the sandalwood cultivation in East Nusa Tenggara Province is drought of seedlings after planting. This research  has been conducted to study the use of Botes-AHW as an equipment of drip watering on sandalwood cultivation and to evaluate the water requirements in seedling growth after planting. The results  showed that   the use of water was more conserved by employing the Botes-AHW in sandalwood cultivation  than the traditional watering system.  The average of water requirements  in seedling growth (several months after planting)  is 10 liters  per seedling per month

Litter Production of Cocoa-Based Agroforestry in West Sumatera, Indonesia

Litter is a fragment of aboveground carbon stocks, a vital bridge to the belowground carbon cycle. Land conversion to agricultural purposes will affect litter production. This study aimed to compare the litter production of natural forests with cocoa-based agroforestry systems (AFS) in West Sumatra. Litter production was measured in five different types of ecosystems, namely natural forest (NF), cocoa-rubber-based AFS (CR), multistrata cocoa-based AFS (CM), cocoa-coconut-based AFS (CC), and cocoa monoculture (M). This study is quantitative research with the collection method. The difference in litter production between the five ecosystems observed was tested using ANOVA parametric statistical method. Litter was collected monthly for one year in which litter traps were evenly distributed in each research plot. Ecosystems of NF and M produced the highest annual litter (6.04 Mg ha-1 and 4.65 Mg ha-1 respectively), while CR produced the lowest one (2.52 Mg ha-1). Although this study did not perform comprehensive modeling of decomposition dynamics, the measurement of annual litter production can provide a further understanding of the dynamics of ecosystem carbon, especially in cocoa-based agroforestry

FLORISTICS AND STRUCTURE OF A LOWLAND DIPTEROCARP FOREST AT WANARISET SAMBOJA, EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

KARTAWINATA, K., PURWANINGSIH, PARTOMIHARDJO, T., YUSUF, R., ABDULHADI, R. & RISWAN,S. 2008.Floristics and structure of a lowland dipterocarp forest at Wanariset Samboja, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.Reinwardtia 12(4): 301– 323. — The results of a floristic inventory of trees with DBH < 10 cm in a lowland dipterocarp forest in East Kalimantan show that 553 species of 192 genera in 62 families, represented by 5847 individuals, with the total basal 2 area of 350.01 m occurred in the plot of 10.5 hectare sampled. The two leading families in terms of number of species were Myrtaceae and Lauraceae while according to the total sum of importance values for families were Dipterocarpaceae and Euphorbiaceae. The forest had the second highest species richness in Indonesia. We recorded 225 species of dipterocarps , constituting 4.53 % of total species with basal area of 85.53 m . or 24.44 % of the total basal area in the plot. Shorea laevis (a diptererocarp) and Pholidocarpus majadum, (a palm) were the most prominent species occurring here and were two of the ten leading species. The species-area curve rose steadily even up to an area of 10.5 hectare, with a very slight indication of levelling off at about five hectares, indicating high heterogeneity of the forest. Three largest trees were Shorea pauciflora (DBH = 196.50 cm) Dipterocarpus cornutus (DBH = 170.90 cm), and Alstonia scholaris (DBH = 170.00 cm) , Some species could be identified as fruit trees and medicinal plants

Distribution of Hoya Multiflora Blume at Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, Indonesia

Hoya multiflora is one of the valuable germplasm in Indonesia that has been utilized as ornamental and medicinal plant. This epiphytic plant faces problems in decreasing habitat. As a means for developing a habitat framework for describing the distributions and ecological relations of H.multiflora at Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, Bogor, Indonesia, ecological study of this species was established over the ranges of altitudes and characteristic vegetation structural types (primary and secondary forest, and plantation) present in the Park. Recognizing the fact that such study requires multidisciplinar y data, this paper explores the evidences from both herbarium sheets and field observations. The result of the study showed that the population of this species was only found at the Bodogol Research Station at elevation of 700 - 900 m above sea level (a.s.l.). Thus, the facts contradict with the evidence from the herbarium sheets of the Herbarium Bogoriense which have presumed that this species has a wide variation of altitudinal range from 20 to 1500 m a.s.l. (Indonesia) or 200 - 1400 m a.s.l. ( Java). The Bodogol's population showed the clumped type of dispersion (Morisita's Index = 1.35), which indicated such environment that was characterized by patchy resources. Direction and speed of wind coupled with the topography are ecological factors that affect to the distribution of this parachute typed seeds of the H.multiflora

SEED BANKS IN A SUBTROPICAL RAIN FOREST

The seasonal populations and vertical distribution of seed banks in a subtropical rain foirest were assesed. No seasonal variations were indicated in either the species composition or the size of seed bank over a year period. The number of seeds were 550 - 603 m square, and mostly composed of secondari species. This population decreased with increasing soil depths

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