In vivo study of a locally manufactured hydroxyapatite-based material as bone replacement material

The objective of the study is to evaluate the osteoconductive, osteoinductive and biocompatibility properties of a locally produced dense hydroxyapatite (HA) as bone replacement material in mandibles. The study was carried out on 8 New Zealand White rabbits. Defects were created in the mandible of a rabbit model whereby the right side was implanted with HA while the left side was left empty to act as a control. The dense HA blocks with the pore size of < 5J.1m promotes bone ingrowth as early as 4 weeks when viewed by the topographic method. Both the implant and control sites were evaluated clinically and histologically at 4, 12, 20, 22 weeks interval. Enhancement of osteoconduction was evident by the presence of abundant capillaries, perivascular tissue and osteoprogenitor cells of the host accounting for the new bone filling the gap and remodelling taking place. This study demonstrated that the dense HA exhibits excellent biocompatibility as noted by the complete absence of reactive cells. HA also promotes osteoconduction. It appears that this locally manufactured HA has the potential to be a valuable replacement material for maxillofacial reconstructive surgery and orthopaedic surgery

Dental anomalies And Facial Profile abnormality Of The Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate Children In Kelantan.

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) has become a major public health problem affecting one in every 500 1000 births worldwide (1)

Study on the cytotoxicity and chromosome aberration following implantation of sea coral in rabbits

Coral has been used as a bone substitute in many experimental studies. It has been proven to be biocompatible, biodegradable and easy to handle: and it has not been found to cause any inflammatory responses. The present study was undertaken to determine the cytotoxicity in terms of mitotic index as well as the clastogenic effect (chromosome aberration) of sea coral implantation in rabbits. The animals comprised of five male adult healthy New Zealand White (Oryctolagus cuniculus) rabbits. The biomaterial, sea coral granules used in this study was obtained from Porites species and processed by the tissue bank of Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia. The blood samples were collected twice from the rabbits, once before the implantation of the sea coral granules (which acted as the control) and the other, one week after the implantation (which acted as the treatment) and lymphocyte cultures were set up. The cultures were then harvested and the chromosomes were prepared for analysis. The diploid number of chromosomes in the rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was found to be 44. Mean mitotic indices of 3.84 ± 0.54 per cent and 3.76 ± 0.23 per cent were obtained before and after implantation of sea coral granules respectively. There were no structural or numerical chromosomal aberrations observed in both the cases. The mitotic index values and chromosomal analyses in this preliminary study carried out indicate that the biomaterial, sea coral granules is non-cytotoxic and non-clastogenic under the present test conditions.</span

Rapid growth and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human bone marrow

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are involved in bone formation in the embryo, bone repair and remodeling. The differentiation of these cells is a complex multistep pathway that involves discrete cellular transitions and is similar to that which occurs during hematopoiesis. MSCs have self-renewal capacity without differentiation in long-term culture. In the present study, MSCs were isolated from human bone marrow and characterized by the presence of cluster of differentiation 105 marker using the labeled streptavidin biotin method. The MSCs were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, ascorbic acid, β-glycerol phosphate and dexamethasone to differentiate into osteoblasts. Biological in vitro analysis showed the rapid proliferation of the MSCs. Further evaluation of specific osteogenic markers using von Kossa staining and the alkaline phosphate assay demonstrated that the MSCs were stimulated to differentiate into osteoblast-lineage cells. This mesengenic potential indicated that the bone marrow-derived cells were multipotent MSCs. The findings of this study show that bone marrow can be a legitimate source of MSCs for the production of osteoblasts for utilization in bone replacement therapy

Titanium Particles Modulate Lymphocyte and Macrophage Polarization in Peri-Implant Gingival Tissues

Titanium dental implants are one of the modalities to replace missing teeth. The release of titanium particles from the implant’s surface may modulate the immune cells, resulting in implant failure. However, little is known about the immune microenvironment that plays a role in peri-implant inflammation as a consequence of titanium particles. In this study, the peri-implant gingival tissues were collected from patients with failed implants, successful implants and no implants, and then a whole transcriptome analysis was performed. The gene set enrichment analysis confirmed that macrophage M1/M2 polarization and lymphocyte proliferation were differentially expressed between the study groups. The functional clustering and pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes between the failed implants and successful implants versus no implants revealed that the immune response pathways were the most common in both comparisons, implying the critical role of infiltrating immune cells in the peri-implant tissues. The H&E and IHC staining confirmed the presence of titanium particles and immune cells in the tissue samples, with an increase in the infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages in the failed implant samples. The in vitro validation showed a significant increase in the level of IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-18 expression by macrophages. Our findings showed evidence that titanium particles modulate lymphocyte and macrophage polarization in peri-implant gingival tissues, which can help in the understanding of the imbalance in osteoblast–osteoclast activity and failure of dental implant osseointegration

CASE REPORT - ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION OF THE MANDIBLE: A RARE BUT LIFE-THREATENING DISEASE

AVM in the mandible is rare. It may present with recurrent episodes of unexplained gingival haemorrhage, bony swelling, tooth mobility or facial asymmetry. We reported our experience in managing a case of a 15 year old Malay girl who presented with a life threatening bleeding from her mandible

Coordinate systems integration for development of Malaysian craniofacial database

This study presents a data registration method for craniofacial spatial data of different modalities. The data consists of three dimensional (3D) vector and raster data models. The data is stored in object relational database. The data capture devices are laser scanner, CT (computed tomography) scan and CR (close range) photogrammetry. The objective of the registration is to transform the data from various coordinate systems into a single 3-D Cartesian coordinate system. The standard error of the registration obtained from multimodal imaging devices using 3D affine transformation is in the ranged of 1-2 mm. This study is a step forward for storing the spatial craniofacial data in one reference system in databas

Successful commercialisation of locally fabricated bioceramics for clinical applications.

This paper chronicled the development of a locally produced bone graft substitute based on calcium phosphate bioceramics called "GranuMaS--from concepts to clinics, and finally to its successful commercialization all within 5-year duration. It was a Prioritized Research (PR) collaborative project of 5 institutions namely SIRIM, ANM, USM, UKM and IIUM, funded by MOSTI to the amount of approximately RM2.5 millions under RM8. This paper also highlighted the requirements needed in terms of technical expertise/manpower, facilities and infrastructure, and government/institutional supports, as well as the challenge faced in developing and commercializing such product