Population dynamics of an invasive species Carassius auratus in the Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq

The population dynamics of the crucian carp, Carassius auratus in the Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq was studied from November 2015 to October 2016 with monthly samples collected by different fishing gears. The FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tool (FiSAT II) software was used for the mathematical analysis. Length-weight relationship was calculated as W= 0.0149L3.065 for fish length 4.6 to 26.8 cm. Growth parameters L∞, K and Ø were computed as 29.1 cm, 0.51 and 2.635. The total (Z), natural (M) and fishing (F) mortalities were 2.69, 1.09 and 1.60, respectively. Exploitation rate (E) was 0.59. Length at first capture (Lc) was found to be 10.04 cm. C. auratus displayed one main pulse of annual recruitment. The relative yield per recruit analysis revealed that the exploitation rate (E) of C. auratus was higher than the biological target reference points E0.1 and equivalent to Emax. It could be concluded that the C. auratus stock in the Shatt Al-Arab River is operating nearby the exploited situation and needs some precautionary measures to avoid the overexploitation by activating the national law of fishing, exploiting and protecting aquatic resources, in particular preventing illegal fishing methods and follow up the execution of the closed season to prevent the decline of our fish resources

Population dynamics and management of two cichlid species in the Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq

Cichlids are invasive fish to Iraqi waters and became well established and prevailing in different waters. Despite that, there is no stock assessment study conducted for these fish. So, growth, mortality, recruitment and yield-per-recruit of two cichlid’s species; Coptodon zillii and Oreochromis aureus from the Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq were evaluated from November 2015 to October 2016 using the FiSAT software. A total of 1285 C. zillii (2.9-24.0 cm TL) and 1353 O. aureus (4.5-25.0 cm TL) were examined. Length-weight relationships were derived, indicating allometric growth for both species. The growth parameters (L?, K, Rn, to and ?) obtained for C. zillii were 25.5 cm, 0.320, 0.212, -0.793 and 2.318, respectively, while for O. aureus were 27.8, 0.490, 0.214, -0.271 and 2.578, respectively. The annual rate of total mortality (Z), fishing (F) and natural (M) for C. zillii was found to be 1.51, 0.84 and 0.68 respectively, and for O. aureus 2.49, 1.08 and 1.41, respectively. The present exploitation rates (Epresent) for C. zillii and O. aureus were computed to be 0.454 and 0.57, respectively. Lengths at first capture (LC) were 12.97 cm for C. zillii and 13.25 cm for O. aureus. The peaks of recruitment of C. zillii and O. aureus were from February to May and May to July, respectively. The Epresent for C. zillii and O. aureus were below the biological target reference points (F0.1  and Fmax), indicating that these species were not overexploited. For management purposes, more yields could be obtained by an increase in the fishing activities on cichlids

Evaluation of the inland fisheries in Basrah province in Iraq during 2020-2021

The study was aimed to update the knowledge on the fish landings of the inland fisheries in Basrah province, Iraq. The species composition, species and total landings, and their trends in six landing sites throughout the study region were evaluated during the year 2020-2021. Species compositions were included seven cyprinids’ species, three cichlids’ species, three mullet’s species, and two species from sparids and silurids. The exotic species, C. carpio, tilapias species and C. auratus dominated the landings constituting 44.2% of the total catch, whereas the highly valued native species (M. sharpeyi, L. xanthopterus, C. luteus and A. grypus) forming only 12.4% of the total catch. The total landing reached 2,427.78 t in 2020 and 2,365.15 t in 2021, and these values were higher than what was recorded during the past years since the year 2009. This is due to the prevalence of aliened species and the increase in the fishing effort, such as the numbers of fishermen and fishing boats. Therefore, in fisheries management point of view, it is essential to enhance the stocks of the native species, minimize the dispersal and impacts of some exotic species, and activate the national regulating fishing, exploitation and protection of aquatic organisms to improve the inland fisheries

Effect of Gliricidia sepium leaves and molases inclusion on aerobic stability, value and digestibility of Napier grass silage

Most tropical roughage feeds are generally deficient in nitrogen, energy or some minerals and vitamins. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) leaves and molasses to Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) silage. Silage were prepared from Napier grass and mixed with Gliricidia and molasses. There were four treatments involved which were NG, containing Napier grass only which was the experiment control, GS containing Napier grass mixed with 5% Gliricidia leaves, ML containing the Napier grass mixed with 5% molasses, and MG containing Napier grass mixed with 5% molasses and 5% Gliricidia leaves. The treatments were analyzed for aerobic stability, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and digestibility. There were no significant differences in aerobic stability of silage between treatments, and the treatments with Gliricidia were higher in crude protein (p<0.05) and had better digestibility (p<0.05) when compared to the control. In conclusion, Gliricidia leaves as additives to Napier grass silage can improve its nutritive value and quality

Determining the cause of stillbirth in Kumasi, Ghana

ObjectiveTo classify causeâ ofâ death (COD) for stillbirths occurring in a major referral hospital in Kumasi, Ghana.MethodsIn a retrospective review conducted between June 8, 2011, and June 12, 2012, detailed information was collected on all stillbirths delivered at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana. Patient records were independently reviewed by investigators using the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand’s Perinatal Death Classification system to determine COD for each case.ResultsCOD was analyzed in 465 stillbirth cases. The leading causes of death were hypoxic interpartum death (105, 22.6%), antepartum hemorrhage (67, 14.4%), hypertension (52, 11.2%), and perinatal infection (32, 6.9%). One hundred and fifty seven (33.8%) stillbirths were classified as unexplained antepartum deaths.ConclusionsThis evaluation of stillbirth in a busy, tertiary care hospital in Kumasi, Ghana provides crucial insight into the high volume of stillbirth in Ghana as well as its medical causes. The study demonstrated the high rate of stillbirth attributed to hypoxic intrapartum events, placental abruption, preâ eclampsia, and unspecified bacterial infections. Yet, our rate of unexplained stillbirths underscores the need for a stillbirth classification system that thoughtfully integrates the needs and limitations of lowâ resource settings as unexplained stillbirth rates are a common indicator of the effectiveness of a classification system.This study demonstrates the high rate of stillbirth associated with hypoxic intrapartum events, placental abruption, preâ eclampsia, and infection at a tertiary hospital in Ghana.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151859/1/ijgo12930_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151859/2/ijgo12930.pd

Kemampuan Memahami Unsur Intrinsik Teks Drama Siswa Kelas VIII Mts Muhammadiyah Desa Penyasawan Kecamatan Kampar

The purposes of this research is to describe the ability in comprehend the element of intrinsic in drama of second year student at MTs Muhammadiyah Penyasawan village Kampar district. The element of intrinsic is element which develop build belleslettres from within. The element of intrinsic is an important elemen whick is supposed to be learned by students in learning literature. In learned literature at school, comprehend the element of intrinsic in drama is one of basic component that should be learned at second grade of MTs. This research is aimed to know the students\u27 ability in comprehend the element of intrinsic in drama of second year student at MTs Muhammadiyah Penyasawan village Kampar district. Generally, there are 5 element of intrinsic are those theme, plot, characteristic, setting, and moral message. In this research, the method that\u27s used is descriptive method with 50 samples. To collect the data, the researcher collected the students\u27 test result, gave score, found the percentage of each element, and considered the average score. The resul can be concluded that the students\u27 ability in understanding the element of intrinsic in drama of second year students at MTs Muhammadiyah Penyasawan village Kampar district are categorized as low with average score 67. Percentage of high ability level student was 8%, medium 32%, and low 60%. The detail of average score of intrinsic element that has obtained is that: theme was categorized as low (46), plot was categorized as high (94), characteristic was categorized as low (66), setting was categorized as medium (79), moral message was categorized as low (50)

Kemampuan Memparafrasakan Puisi Kerendahan Hati Karya Taufik Ismail ke Eksposisi Siswa Kelas X Man 039 Tembilahan

This study investigated the ability of paraphrase a poem by Taufik Ismail humility to exposition class X MAN 039 Tembilahan. The aim of this study was to obtain data on the ability of paraphrase a poem by Taufik Ismail humility to exposition class X MAN 039 Tembilahan. The ability of paraphrase of the aspects of understanding the content and paraphrased. This study is a quantitative-descriptive. This research data is data test capabilities humility paraphrase a poem by Taufik Ismail to exposition class X MAN 039 Tembilahan. Instruments in this research is a form of poetry texts given to members of the sample. The data collection was done by using the test. The population in this study were 301 students with a total sample of 168 students. Data were analyzed with descriptive methods. The validity of the data obtained through data validation. Research results seen from the test results the ability of paraphrase a poem by Taufik Ismail humility to exposition class X MAN 039 Tembilahan. Seen from the aspect of understanding the content obtained average value amounted to 70.07 with a low category. Then, from the aspect paraphrase obtained average value amounted to 73.96 with the medium category

Eksistensi Tokoh dalam Novel Kubah Karya Ahmad Tohari

This study discusses the existence of each character in the novel Kubah by Ahmad Tohari. In this study, there is a problem formulation that examines how the existence of a character in the novel Kubah by Ahmad Tohari and aims to describe the existence of a character in the novel Dome by Ahmad Tohari. The source of data that became the object of this research is the novel Dome by Ahmad Tohari. The research data that writers look for in the form of sentences and quotations of dialogue related to the existence of characters who experienced three stages of existence, namely the aesthetic stage, ethical stage and religious stage. The research method used is a qualitative method that describes the description data. Technique of collecting data in this research is literature study. While the analysis technique used is reducing data, presenting the data and drawing the final conclusion. The data of this study amounted to 53 consisting of 13 characters, each character experienced three stages of existence that is the existence of the aesthetic stage, the existence of the ethical stage and the existence of the religious stage. The details of 53 data are as follows, at the aesthetic stage found 13 data, the existence of the ethical stage found 22 data, and the existence of the religious stage found 18 data

Kemampuan Memahami Struktur dan Isi Teks Cerpen Siswa Kelas XI Sman 1 Teluk Kuantan

This study entitled The Ability to Understand Structure and Content of Short Story Text of XI Grade Students at Senior High School 1 Teluk Kuantan. This study aimed to describe the ability to understand the structure of the short story text at XI grade student of SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan, describes the ability to understand the content of short story text XI grade student of SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan, and describe is there a significant relationship between the ability to understand the structure and content of the short story text XI grade student of SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan. The method used is descriptive method with quantitative approach. Data of this study is the result of taking the test (answers) to understand the structure and content of the text that the author given to the sample, such as 144 students of XI grade at SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan. The research results obtained are: (1) ability to determine the structure of the short story text XI grade students at SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan classified as moderate with a value of 81.65%, (2) ability to determine the structure of the text of the short story class XI student of SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan MIPA classified as moderate with values 78.87%, (3) ability to determine the structure of the text of the short story class XI IPS SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan is high with a value of 84.65%, (4) ability to determine the structure of the text of the short story class XI student of SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan women classified as moderate with values 80.80%, (5) the ability to determine the structure of the text of the short story class XI student of SMAN 1 male Teluk Kuantan classified as moderate with a value of 83.03%, (6) the ability to determine the intrinsic elements of text short story class XI student of SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan is high with a value of 88.74%, (7) ability to determine the intrinsic elements of text short story class XI student of SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan MIPA is high with a value of 89.44%, (8) ability to determine the intrinsic elements of text short story class XI IPS SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan is high with a value of 87.77%, (9) the ability to determine the intrinsic elements of short story text XI grade students of SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan women is high with a value of 89.58%, (10) the ability to determine the intrinsic elements of text short story class XI student of men SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan is high with a value of 87.39%, (11) the ability to understand the intrinsic elements of short story text XI grade students at SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan superior to the student's ability to understand the structure of short storiy text