Errors in the Use of Verb: A Case Study of Science College Kallar Kahar at Undergraduate Level

Students can fall a prey to errors in the use of verb at any level mainly when they are second language learners. The current study seeks to examine the errors on the usage of verbs at undergraduate level on the part of both male and female at Science College Kallar Kahar Chakwal, Pakistan. This paper scrutinizes the errors of subject verb agreement, tense and aspect, mood of verb and valency change. The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the areas where students make most errors on the use of the verb, to bring to light some sources of errors and afterward try discovering ways and means to help the learners to overcome the verbal errors hereafter. Error Analysis methodology has been applied during the process. Instrument used in the research is a questionnaire consisted of Multiple Choice Questions. The study sets out to select 50 different students of the College randomly from both the gender. To analyze the collected data error analysis method is being used. From the finding it seemed evident that students encountered errors with respect to subject verb agreement, tense and aspect, mood of verb and valency change.  Lastly some remedial recommendations have been proposed to fix the problem of errors in verbal usage at undergraduate level. Keywords: Error Analysis, Verb Usage, L2  learning, Englis

Effect of Exercise and Caloric Restriction on Renal Dopamine d1 Receptor Function in Obese Zucker Rats

Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of hypertension and it is associated with hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia (type II diabetes), sodium retention and oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms involved in obesity related development of hypertension are not clearly understood. Development of hypertension can be explained in part by sodium retention resulting from impaired regulation of sodium homeostasis. Renal dopamine, acting via the renal dopamine D1 receptor (D1R), promotes the excretion of sodium and plays a vital role in the maintenance of sodium homeostasis. Impairment of D1R function is associated with hypertension in humans and animal models including Leprfa/fa Zucker (obese) rats. We have previously reported that treatment of these rats with antioxidants or insulin sensitizers reduced insulin levels and oxidative stress, restored D1R function and reduced blood pressure. Further, the redox sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor κ B (NFκB) has been implicated in impairment of D1R function during oxidative stress. We investigated the effect of exercise on insulin levels, oxidative stress, nuclear translocation of NFκB, blood pressure, albuminuria, and D1R function. The exercise protocol involved treadmill exercise from three weeks of age for eight weeks. Exercise reduced oxidative stress, nuclear translocation of NFκB and albuminuria. However, exercise did not reduce plasma insulin levels or blood pressure. Also, selective D1R agonist (SKF38393) mediated increases in GTPγS binding and sodium excretion were impaired in obese rats compared to lean rats and exercise did not restore this defect. We concluded that, although exercise is beneficial in reducing oxidative stress and renal injury, reducing insulin levels may be required to restore D1R function in obese rats. This hypothesis is supported by our findings that three-week-old Leprfa/fa Zucker (obese) rats do not display oxidative stress, increased nuclear translocation of NFκB, or elevated blood pressure. However, they display hyperinsulinemia and impaired inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase in response to D1R agonist. Caloric restriction has been shown to attenuate hyperinsulinemia in obese rats. We hypothesized that caloric restriction in obese rats, starting from an early age, will reduce insulin levels, restore D1R function, and reduce blood pressure. Caloric restriction in obese rats reduced insulin levels by ~50%. However, it did not reduce oxidative stress, did not restore D1R function, or reduce blood pressure. Therefore, we conclude that both hyperinsulinemia and oxidative stress can independently impair renal dopamine D1 receptor function and contribute to the development of hypertension in obese rats. Simultaneously reducing both oxidative stress and hyperinsulinemia might be required to restore renal dopamine D1 receptor function and lower blood pressure.Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department o

Factors influencing women entrepreneurs business success of SMEs in Malaysia

Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) plays an important role in the economic development of the country. There are an increasing number of women entrepreneurs involve in this sector nowadays. Hence, this paper presents findings of a research study design to investigate the factors that influence women entrepreneurs’ business success of SMEs in Malaysia. This research focus on six variables that contribute to the business success namely; financial capital, motivation and goal, social networking, government support, improvisation and adoption of information and communication technology. Questionnaire was used as a method of data collection in this research and has been distributed to 150 women entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Multiple Regression analysis was used to analyze the research hypothesis. Multiple Regression analysis showed that collectively all factors have positive influence on women business success. However, if it indicates individually, motivation and goal and government support factors have no significance influence to women business success. The findings of this study could contribute both theorists and managerial practitioner

Multi-Scale Investigation of Water-Energy-Food Nexus

Water, energy and food (WEF) are among essentials to meet the basic human needs and ensure economic and social development. Globally, the demand for WEF rapidly increases while billions of people are still lacking access to these needs. The main drivers behind increased demand for WEF are population growth, urbanization, economic growth and climate change. It may also be driven by changes in demography, technological developments and diet preferences. To achieve a sustainable supply and effectively manage the demand for WEF, complex interactions between WEF (nexus) need to be understood. Traditionally, WEF have been studied and managed separately with a minimal focus on their interactions. The primary objective of this study is to investigate WEF nexus at different scales. A bottom-up approach has been employed to develop a system-dynamics based model to capture the interactions between WEF at end-use level at a household scale. Additionally, a city scale model has been developed to quantify WEF implications for agricultural, commercial and industrial sectors. The household level model is then integrated with the city scale model to estimate WEF demand and the generated organic waste and wastewater quantities. The integrated model investigates the impact of several variables on WEF: human bahaviour, diet, household income, family size, seasonal variability, population size, GDP, crop type and land-use for agriculture. The integrated model is based on a detailed survey of 407 households conducted to investigate WEF over winter and summer season for the city of Duhok, Iraq. The city is chosen as a case study due to the rapid population growth, considerable urbanization, changes in land-use pattern and shifting climate trends toward longer summer duration. These put an additional pressure on WEF demand in the city. The collected data of WEF and household characteristics (demographic and socio-economic) have been intensively analysed to provide a better understanding for the factors influencing WEF consumption. The surveyed data was used to develop statistical regression models for estimating demand as a function of household characteristics using stepwise-multiple-linear and evolutionary polynomial regression techniques. The integrated WEF model was subjected to sensitivity analysis and uncertainty assessment. A comparison of the model simulation results were made with the historical data. The model results show a good agreement with the historical data. The WEF model is then applied to assess the risk and resilience of WEF systems under the impact of seasonal climate variability (i.e., increase/decrease in the number of summer days). In order to decrease the risk of not meeting per capita demand for WEF and increase the resilience of system for providing per capita demand for WEF, a number of demand management strategies have been investigated in water and energy systems under the impact of seasonal variability. The results show that using recycled greywater for non-potable application in Duhok water system is the most efficient strategy but it increases the energy demand. Additionally, anaerobic digestion of food waste and wastewater sludge for energy recovery can increase the resilience of Duhok energy system. Finally, the impact, of Global Scenario Group (GSG) scenarios (Market Forces, Fortress World, Great Transition and Policy Reform) on the WEF consumption and resulting implications, has been investigated using the WEF model. The results suggest that the Fortress World scenario (an authoritarian response to the threat of breakdown) has the highest impact on WEF consumption. In the Great Transition scenario, WEF consumption would be the lowest. The model results suggest that the food-related water consumption is the highest in the Policy Reform scenario

Contested Space: The Living Urban Heritage of Hyderabad & Shahjahanabad, Delhi

This paper draws from the experiences of redevelopment of historic precincts in the cities of Hyderabad and Shahjahanabad, Delhi. Close interaction with the people, administrators and political leaders of these precincts reveal a great enthusiasm amongst all to improve the residents’ general standard of living. But the notion of ‘public realm’ as perceived by the public oficials and the public itself are radically different. The former see it as a commodity, while the latter lets the socio-cultural forces dictate its usage; and this difference hinders redevelopment. This paper contends that the lack of a common perception is due to the inability of the oficials in understanding the cultural economics and history of urbanism of the city-core, as a result of which most livelihoods become vulnerable. The paper also examines the relevance of regulatory and planning tools to historic Indian city-cores so as to sustain the city’s resources

Implementasi Netralisator Uv-C Dalam Upaya Mengurangi Airborne Disease Di Pondok Pesantren Ar-Ridwan Al-Maliky Bojonegoro

Pendidikan pondok pesantren yang merupakan hasil perjuangan ulama bertujuan memperdalam al-Quran, hadist, kitab ulama salaf dan khalaf. Ar-ridwan Al-maliky adalah salah satu pondok pesantren yang berdiri pada 2016 di Bojonegoro dengan jumlah santri semakin meningkat. Namun di tahun 2020 wabah covid-19 menyebar hingga ke lingkungan pesantren sehingga kegiatan pesantren terganggu. Telah Banyak upaya yang dilakukan pesantren untuk mencegah penyebaran penyakit ini diantaranya dengan disinfeksi lantai, dinding, dan lain-lain. Namun upaya tersebut tidaklah cukup karena penyakit dapat menyebar melalui udara (airborne). Sinar Uv-C memiliki energi tinggi yang dapat berfungsi membunuh virus dan bakteri dengan cepat yang efektif, sehingga berpotensi sebagai netralisator udara. Model pengabdian yang dilakukan dengan metode partisipatif. Santri ikut mengimplementasikan netralisator di ruang berkumpul, kemudian diadakan sosialiasi kerja alat, dan penggunaan yang diakhiri evaluasi. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan terdapat perubahan udara ruangan selama satu minggu ditandai dengan kesegaran santri meningkat. Sedangkan pemahaman santri tentang penggunaan dan penanggulanan alat menunjukkan respon baik diatas 80%

Comparison of Odor Intensity between Nylon and Polyester

The purpose of this study was to compare fabrics made from nylon and polyester fibers in odor intensity following wear against the underarm. Fabrics were sewn into the underarm region of a t-shirt and odor intensity was assessed using a trained sensory panel. Results showed that nylon and polyester fabrics did not tend to differ significantly from one another. This finding was unexpected given nylon is more hydrophilic than polyester and previous research has found an inverse relationship between moisture regain and odor intensity when comparing polyester with fabrics made from natural fibers. The lack of a difference may be due to nylon fabrics being heavier than polyester

Mixed germ cell tumour of the testicle: a case report of a patient presenting with acute abdomen

Testicular tumours are a group of heterogenous neoplasms seen commonly in men between the ages of 15 and 35 years. The two main types are seminoma and non-seminomatous germ cell tumour (NSGCT). Testicular cancers are highly treatable and usually curable, even if they present at an advanced stage of the disease with a five-year survival rate of over 95 percent. The symptoms at initial presentation can vary depending on the metastasis, but a nodule or painless swelling of testicle is usually noted. In this case report we will study how a patient with metastatic testicular tumour presents with symptoms indicative of gastrointestinal infection of acute nature with no associated features. We will review current literature on testicular cancers, reasons for delay in treatment and its impact on patient care.