ANN for English Alphabet Prediction

Abstract: In this paper an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, for predicting the Letters from twenty dissimilar fonts for each letter. The character images were, initially, based on twenty dissimilar fonts and each letter inside these twenty fonts was arbitrarily distorted to yield a file of 20,000 distinctive stimuli. Every stimulus was transformed into 16 simple numerical attributes (arithmetical moments and edge amounts) which were then ascended to be suitable into a range of numeral values from 0 to 15. We naturally chose, arbitrarily, 1,000 distinctive stimuli for this research. We made certain that the scattering remnants the similar after selecting the one thousand stimuli. In this research, a neural network tool (Just NN) was used for the purpose of predicting to classify every of a huge number of black and white four-sided pixel displays as one of the 26 capital letters in the English language

In vitro antimicrobial and radical scavenging activities of Adenanthera pavonina stem bark fractions

The present investigation deals with the in vitro antimicrobial and radical scavenging activities of four different fractions obtained from the stem bark of Adenanthera pavonina. Phytochemical screening of the fractions revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenol, protein, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids. Evaluation of the extracts against three different bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus) showed that the ethyl acetate fraction (F4) possess the best antimicrobial activity with good zones of inhibition. While antifungal activity against (Aspagillus flavus, Candida albican and Mucor) further indicate F4 has the best activity. Lastly, the radical scavenging activity revealed that the F1 (ethanol extract) and F4 (ethyl acetate fraction) demonstrated promising antiradical power on diphenylpicrylhydraxyl (DPPH) with an excellent percentage scavenging effect. At 1000 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL the DPPH activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was 97.9 and 71.3% respectively. While it was observed to be 94.9 and 69.6% for ethanol at 1000 and 10 μg/mL respectively. These values are found to be higher than that of the standard reference (ascorbic acid) which was 96.4 and 58.4 % at 1000 and 10 μg/mL respectively. This shows that the assay for DPPH free radical scavenging activity is concentration dependent. This strengthens part of the ethnomedicinal claims on the plant, Adenanthera Pavonina as a curative agent of different diseases of clinical concern.Keywords: Adenanthera pavonina, Alkaloid, Antimicrobial, Ethyl acetate, Phytochemical, Radica

Evaluation of Neutralizing Capacity of Different Commercial Brands of Antacid Tablets

This study is based on the evaluation of acid neutralizing capacity of five different commercial brands of antacid tablets. Five different but widely used commercial antacid tablets were selected for the purpose of this study. Each of the sample tablets was purchased, crushed, weighed and kept at room temperature before being analyzed using titrimetric method. Titration of each sample tablet (0.5 g) dissolved in 20 cm3 of 0.1 M HCl with 0.1 M NaOH was carried out and the average titer values of different runs were recorded. The titre value for Gaviscon was 9.20 cm3, 13.04 cm3 for Gestid, 10.02 cm3 for Danacid, 10.10 cm3 for Cimetidine and 10.05 cm3 for Rennietidine. The neutralizing capacity (NC) of Gaviscon was found to be 82.6%, 53.4% for Gestid, 64.8% for Danacid, 49.8% for Cimetidine and 36.6% for Rennietidine. Analysis of the results shows that Gaviscon tablet has the highest NC, while Rennietidine shows lower NC value.Keywords: Antacid, Neutralizing capacity, Titrimetric, Tablets, Ulce

The Relationship Between Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Employee's Performance in Universiti Utara Malaysia

The aims of this study are to investigate whether there is any relationship between employee performance, job satisfaction and employee motivation. The survey method was employ with the quantitative data were processed using a multivariate technique. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage used to measure the percentage of returned questionnaire and also used to describe the respondents' profile such as their gender, educational background, their academic qualifications, and job title. Correlation and multiple regressions used for inferential statistics. The Pearson correlation used to measure the significance of linear bivariate between the independent and dependent variables thereby achieving the objective of this study. Multiple regressions used to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables, the direction of the relationship, the degree of the relationship and strength of the relationship. This thesis found that job satisfaction has a significance positively influence to the employee's performance rather than motivation. The non significance of motivation was found in the influence to the employee's performance. This study conclude that job satisfaction among support staff much more contribute to the employee's performance of support staff of UUM

Analisis Implementasi Pembinaan Pendidikan Pada Kelompok Rentan Anak Binaan Pemasyarakatan Di Lapas Anak

Penelitian ini menganalisis implementasi pembinaan pendidikan pada kelompok rentan anak binaan pemasyarakatan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (LAPAS) di Indonesia. Anak-anak dalam situasi pemasyarakatan adalah kelompok yang rentan terhadap pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dan eksploitasi. Meskipun regulasi mengatur hak pendidikan mereka, tantangan dalam akses dan kualitas pendidikan masih ada. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan keterbatasan akses pendidikan, kurangnya kualitas pembinaan pendidikan, serta koordinasi yang lemah antara lembaga terkait. Saran yang diajukan termasuk perbaikan fasilitas pendidikan di LAPAS, pelatihan dan pengembangan staf pendidikan, integrasi rehabilitasi dalam kurikulum, dan peningkatan koordinasi antar-lembaga. Pemantauan dan evaluasi berkala juga diperlukan untuk perbaikan berkelanjutan

The Impact of Gombe Micro Finance Bank on Profitability and Income of Agricultural Businesses in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria

The study examined the impact of Gombe micro finance bank on profitability and income of agricultural businesses in Gombe metropolis, Gombe  State , Nigeria. Multi stage sampling technique was used in selecting 105 beneficiaries of the bank comprising of  fifty (50) microprocessors, thirty (30) vegetables sellers and  twenty five (25) fruits sellers. The data were collected using structured questionnaire. Secondary data were also collected from the bank. The data were e analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-test, Gross margin analysis and multiple regression models. The results of the analysis revealed that Women constituted 49% of the beneficiaries of the bank loans since its inception in 2008. There was significant difference in income of the respondents before and after benefiting from the loan. The gross margin analysis revealed that the respondents had an average gross margin of 2096.70 NGN.The major problems encountered by the respondents while accessing the loan were; compulsory saving with the bank, high interest rate, loan maturity period and frequency of visits for the loan recovery. Keywords: Impact, Gombe Micro finance bank, Profitability, Income, Agricultural businesse

A Comparison Study on the Performances Of X , EWMA and CUSUM Control Charts for Skewed Distributions Using Weighted Standard Deviations Methods

In many statistical process control (SPC) applications, the ease of use of control charts leads to ignoring the fact that the process population of the quality characteristic being measured may be highly skewed. However, in many situations, the normality assumption is usually violated. Among the recent heuristic charts for skewed distributions proposed in the literature are those based on the weighted standard deviation (WSD) method. Thus, this paper compares the performances of certain WSD charts, such as WSD X , WSD Exponential weighted moving Average (WSDEWMA) and WSD Cumulative Sum (WSD-CUSUM) charts for skewed distributions. The skewed distributions being considered are weibull, gamma and lognormal. The false alarm and mean shift detection rates were computed so as to evaluate the performances of the WSD charts. The WSD X chart was found to have the lowest false alarm rate in cases of known and unknown parameters. Moreover, when parameters are known and unknown, the WSD-CUSUM provided the highest mean shift detection rates. The chart with the lowest false alarm and the highest mean shift detection rates for most level of skewness and sample size, n is assumed to be have a better performance

An EWMA Control Chart for Monitoring the Mean of Skewed Populations Using Weighted Variance.

This paper discusses the use of weighted variance (wv) in setting up the limits of the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart for the monitoring of the mean of a process from a skewed population. This chart, called the WV-EWMA chart hereafter, reduces to the standard EWMA chart when the underlying distribution is symmetric

EVOLUTION OF ENGLISH IN THE INTERNET AGE

Although the Internet came into existence in the second half of the twentieth century, its influence on language began to escalate in 1990 onwards. It has drastically changed the way people communicate and use English both in writing and speaking. Consequently, the world has become increasingly interconnected through synchronous and asynchronous communicational scripts, such as SMS, online chat, Yahoo messengers, emails, blogs, and wikis, which have become retrievable as accessible corpora for analysis. These corpora can yield anecdotal evidence of historical language change. The arrival of Web 2.0 tools and applications, such as Facebook, Twitter, Skype, WhatsApp, and Viber, can likewise reveal changes that English has recently undergone. The Internet has given rise to what is arguably a new variety of English that differs from standard varieties. This article provides an account of the development of English from dialects spoken by a small number of people in the British Isles to an international and global language. It emphasizes the language shifts that have taken place more recently since the widespread use of the Internet. The pervasiveness of the Internet has led to new changes in form and usage described as Internet English

Microbial quality of meat floss ‘dambun nama’ processed from broiler chickens fed graded levels of ‘sabara’(Guiera senegalensis) leaf meal

This study evaluated the microbial quality of meat floss processed from broiler chickens fed graded levels of Guiera senegalensis leaf meal (GSL) at 0.0% (GSL1), 7.0% (GSL2), 14.0% (GSL3) and 21.0% (GSL4). These were packaged and stored into four (4) different packaging media; Foil Paper Pack (FPP), Wrapped Newspaper Pack (WNP), Plastic Container Pack (PCP) and Disposable Container Pack (DCP). These products were stored and monitored for contaminations at 0, 4, 8 and 12 week intervals. Means were analysed and compared with passable and safe limits of 107cfu/g. The results showed that at 1st day of storage, there were no fungal counts in GSL3 and GSL4 was having the least count of 2.0 x 105. The control (GSL1) had the highest total bacterial count of 24.0 x 105cfu/g. At 12th week of storage, the results showed that the total fungal counts were 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, and 2.0 x 105cfu/g for GSL2, GSL3, GSL4 and GSL1, respectively. The overall effects showed that the total microbial load of meat floss decreased as the concentrations were increased. The results showed that GSL2 (2.0 x 105cfu/g) and GSL3 (3.0 x 105cfu/g) had lower total bacterial counts than GSL1 (24.0 x 105cfu/g) and GSL4 (8.0 x 105cfu/g) across the packaging media at first week (0 week) of storage. WNP had the least bacterial counts (1.0 x 105cfu/g). Conversely, DCP had the highest counts (21.0 x 105cfu/g) across the treatment groups and packaging media. At higher week of storage (12th week), GSL2 (15.0 x 105cfu/g) and GSL3 (18.0 x 105cfu/g) were lower than GSL1 (20.0 x 105cfu/g) and GSL4 (26.0 x 105cfu/g) for bacterial counts. WNP (10.0 x 105cfu/g) had the least counts across the treatments. Storage at higher weeks (8th and 12th) reduced fungal growth in most of the packaging media. This study concludes that the packaging method had suppressive effects against microbial growth. It is suggested that meat floss processed from broiler chickens fed graded levels of GSL should be evaluated for storage above the 12-week period