Activité Anti-Hyperglycémiante Et Élucidation Structurale Des Composés Isolés Des Feuilles De Spondias Purpurea L. (Anacardiaceae)

Spondias purpurea L. (Anacardiaceae) is a Senegalese traditional pharmacopoeia plant, which leaves are used in the treatment of various diseases. The leaves’ ethanolic extract exhibited antihyperglycemic activity on models of temporary hyperglycemia. The tests were performed on normoglycemic rats with a glucose tolerance test. The phytochemical investigation of the leaves resulted in the isolation of four flavonoids (quercetin 9, kaempferol 10, quercetin-3- ß-glucopyranoside 6, kaempferol3-ß-galactopyranoside 8), five phenolic compounds (2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid 5, protocatechic 4-ß-glucoside acid 1, hydroxycynnamic acid 7, 5-caffeoylquinic acid 3) and one tannin (Strictinin 4). The known isolated compounds were characterized by NMR and massspectrometry. The present study constitutes the first phytochemical examination of the leaves and the anti-hyperglycemic activity of the ethanolic extract of Spondias Purpurea L

La rentabilité de l'investissement dans l'éducation au Sénégal

Depuis les années 60, la rentabilité du système éducatif suscite un intérêt croissant auprès des décideurs lorsqu'il s'agit de faire un choix d'investissement. Toutefois, la plupart des travaux consacrés à cette problématique portent sur les rendements internes de l'éducation. Cette étude se propose de mesurer la rentabilité externe de l'investissement relativement important, consenti dans l'éducation par les ménages (rendement privé) et la collectivité (rendement social). Il est reconnu que l'État et les ménages sénégalais consacrent d'importantes ressources à l'éducation sans avoir cependant une idée précise du rendement de leur investissement. Cette étude devrait combler cette lacune. La méthode utilisée est celle du taux de rendement interne appliquée aux données de l'Enquête Sénégalaise Auprès des Ménages (ESAM) de 1995. Les revenus nets bruts proviennent de ceux de l'année 1995. L'étude montre qu'au Sénégal l'éducation est en général un secteur d'investissement rentable où le rendement privé est plus élevé que le rendement social. De plus, une analyse par sous-secteur fait ressortir que l'investissement social dans le secondaire et le supérieur n'est pas rentable contrairement à l'enseignement primaire et moyen. Enfin, le chômage et le redoublement ont un impact négatif sur les rentabilités sociale et privée.Rentabilité interne de l'éducation, méthode avantages-coût, rendements privés et sociaux

Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with pregnancy about 2 cases at the gynecological and obstetrical clinic of the Aristide Le Dantec hospital, Dakar, Senegal

The objective of our study was to report 2 cases of hepatocellular carcinomas associated with pregnancy followed in our structure and to review the literature. Our patients were 30 and 37-year-old multi-gesture females with chronic unattended viral hepatitis B in whom the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was made in the third trimester of pregnancy at 31 weeks of amenorrhea and 4 days and at 32 weeks of amenorrhea after the incidental finding of tumor hepatomegaly on abdominal-pelvic ultrasound. The main clinical signs were jaundice and hepatomegaly and paraclinical signs were dominated by hepatic cytolysis and anemia in addition to ultrasound images. Follow-up of pregnancies revealed no particularities. A caesarean section was scheduled at 32 weeks of amenorrhea and 32 weeks of amenorrhea and 3 days allowing the birth of two preterm newborns weighing 1210 and 1500 gm with Apgar scores of 8-10/10 and 7-9/10 respectively at the fifth minute. The immediate post-operative follow-up was simple. However, the maternal-fetal prognosis was poor with the death of both patients in a multi-visceral failure table occurring respectively at 6 weeks and 3 weeks after caesarean section. The newborns had died 8 days after birth. Although rare, these two cases challenge any obstetrician to think about liver cancer in pregnant women, especially those with chronic hepatitis B. Ultrasound examination of the liver, or even better, the MRI, which is more efficient, in order to suspect early on a possible liver cancer. Indeed, early diagnosis and a thorough medical approach are essential for the treatment of HCC in pregnant patients

REACTIONS DE MICHAEL ASYMETRIQUES UTILISANT LES IMINES CHIRALES CYCLIQUES ET LES ENAMINOESTERS CHIRAUX ACYCLIQUES (DOCTORAT (PHARMACOCHIMIE))

CHATENAY M.-PARIS 11-BU Pharma. (920192101) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Asymmetric synthesis of glutamate derivatives

International audienceAnalogs of glutamic acid were synthesized through the asymmetric Michael reaction using chiral acyclicβ-enaminoesters and various Michael acceptors. The influence of the alkoxy group of the enaminoesters andalso the nature of the olefins in the presence or not of zinc chloride on yield and enantioselectivity areexplored

Identification of Atypical El TorV. cholerae O1 Ogawa Hosting SXT Element in Senegal, Africa

Vibrio cholerae O1 is the causative agent of cholera with classical and El Tor, two well-established biotypes. In last 20 years, hybrid strains of classical and El Tor and variant El Tor which carry classical ctxB have emerged worldwide. In 2004–2005, Senegal experienced major cholera epidemic with a number of cases totalling more than 31719 with approximately 458 fatal outcomes (CFR, 1.44%). In this retrospective study, fifty isolates out of a total of 403 V. cholerae biotype El Tor serovar Ogawa isolates from all areas in Senegal during the 2004–2005 cholera outbreak were randomly selected. Isolates were characterized using phenotypic and genotypic methods. The analysis of antibiotic resistance patterns revealed the predominance of the S-Su-TCY-Tsu phenotype (90% of isolates). The molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance revealed the presence of the SXT element, a self-transmissible chromosomally integrating element in all isolates. Most of V. cholerae isolates had an intact virulence cassette (86%) (ctx, zot, ace genes). All isolates tested gave amplification with primers for classical CT, and 10/50 (20%) of isolates carried classical and El Tor ctxB. The study reveals the presence of atypical V. cholerae O1 El Tor during cholera outbreak in Senegal in 2004–2005

Etude phytochimique d’extraits de feuilles de Dialium guineense Willd. (Caesalpiniaceae) en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse, évaluation de l’activité antioxydante

International audienc

Photochemical electron transfer mediated addition of naphthylamine derivatives to electron deficient alkenes

International audienceUsing photochemical electron transfer, N,N-dimethylnaphthylamine derivatives are added to R,β-unsaturated carboxylates. The addition takes place exclusively in the Rposition of electron-deficient alkenes and mainly in the 4-position of N,N-dimethylnaphthalen-1-amine. A minor regioisomer results from the addition in the 5-position of this naphthylamine. A physicochemical study reveals that the fluorescence quenching of N,N-dimethylnaphthalen-1-amine is diffusion-controlled and that the back electron transfer is highly efficient. Therefore no transformation is observed at lower concentrations. To overcome this limitation and to induce an efficient transformation, minor amounts of water or another proton donor as well as an excess of the naphthylamine derivative are necessary. A mechanism involving a contact radical ion pair is discussed. Isotopic labeling experiments reveal that no hydrogen is directly transferred between the substrates. The hydrogen transfer to the furanone moiety observed in the overall reaction therefore results from an exchange with the reaction medium. An electrophilic oxoallyl radical generated from the furanone reacts with the naphthylamine used in excess. Concerning some mechanistic details, the reaction is compared with radical and electrophilic aromatic substitutions. The transformation was carried out with a variety of electron-deficient alkenes. Sterically hindered furanone derivatives are less reactive under standard conditions. In a first experiment, such a compound was transformed using heterogeneous electron transfer photocatalysis with TiO

Identification of atypical El Tor V-cholerae O1 Ogawa hosting SXT element in Senegal, Africa

International audienceVibrio cholerae O1 is the causative agent of cholera with classical and El Tor, two well-established biotypes. In last 20 years, hybrid strains of classical and El Tor and variant El Tor which carry classical ctxB have emerged worldwide. In 2004-2005, Senegal experienced major cholera epidemic with a number of cases totalling more than 31719 with approximately 458 fatal outcomes (CFR, 1.44%). In this retrospective study, fifty isolates out of a total of 403 V. cholerae biotype El Tor serovar Ogawa isolates from all areas in Senegal during the 2004-2005 cholera outbreak were randomly selected. Isolates were characterized using phenotypic and genotypic methods. The analysis of antibiotic resistance patterns revealed the predominance of the S-Su-TCY-Tsu phenotype (90% of isolates). The molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance revealed the presence of the SXT element, a self-transmissible chromosomally integrating element in all isolates. Most of V. cholerae isolates had an intact virulence cassette (86%) (ctx, zot, ace genes). All isolates tested gave amplification with primers for classical CT, and 10/50 (20%) of isolates carried classical and El Tor ctxB. The study reveals the presence of atypical V. cholerae O1 El Tor during cholera outbreak in Senegal in 2004-2005