Enhancing the Resilience of Operational Microgrids Through a Two-Stage Scheduling Strategy Considering the Impact of Uncertainties

This article deals with the stochastic scheduling of a microgrid (MG) to balance the economical and resilience metrics. In the proposed model, the MG resilience indices are integrated into the economic criteria to ensure the resilience of MG operation alongside the main MG actors' profit/loss. The MG fragility index, recovery efficiency index, MG voltage index, and lost load index are considered in the proposed planning model. Further, to make the results more realistic, the uncertainties associated with energy price and wind production, alongside with planning of energy storage systems and electric vehicles parking lots are considered. To achieve a better solution for the security-constraint operation of MG, AC network equations are included in the system modeling. Finally, a large-scale MG based on the IEEE-33 bus testbed is utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed stochastic scheduling program

Assessing the Use of Reinforcement Learning for Integrated Voltage/Frequency Control in AC Microgrids

The main purpose of this paper is to present a novel algorithmic reinforcement learning (RL) method for damping the voltage and frequency oscillations in a micro-grid (MG) with penetration of wind turbine generators (WTG). First, the continuous-time environment of the system is discretized to a definite number of states to form the Markov decision process (MDP). To solve the modeled discrete RL-based problem, Q-learning method, which is a model-free and simple iterative solution mechanism is used. Therefore, the presented control strategy is adaptive and it is suitable for the realistic power systems with high nonlinearities. The proposed adaptive RL controller has a supervisory nature that can improve the performance of any kind of controllers by adding an offset signal to the output control signal of them. Here, a part of Denmark distribution system is considered and the dynamic performance of the suggested control mechanism is evaluated and compared with fuzzy-proportional integral derivative (PID) and classical PID controllers. Simulations are carried out in two realistic and challenging scenarios considering system parameters changing. Results indicate that the proposed control strategy has an excellent dynamic response compared to fuzzy-PID and traditional PID controllers for damping the voltage and frequency oscillations

Application of reinforcement learning for generating optimal control signal to the IPFC for damping of low-frequency oscillations

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Effectiveness of psychological empowerment training program based on individual psychology Adler's theory on female-headed household’s learned helplessness

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of psychological empowerment training program based on individual psychology Adler's theory on female-headed household’s learned helplessness. Methods: This study was counducted by semi-experimental method , and its design was pretest posttest with a control group. The population of this study were female-headed households of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in Hamedan province, that was selected by the multi-stage cluster sampling and 30 samples were selected. Research instrument was learned helplessness scale (LHS). To analyze the data, univariate analysis of covariance was used. To achieve the study objectives quantitative methods were used. The study sample consisted of female-headed households in Hamedan provine. The participants in the study consisted of 30 women who were were assigned by clustering sampling. To validate increased psychological empowerment interventionist model, the experimental group was exposed to nine determined one-and-half- an hour group intervention sessions. Findings: The results showed that psychological empowerment training program has effects on the reduction of learned helplessness female-headed household’s learned helplessness (p<0/07) and follow up testing also confirmed the same. Results: Psychological empowerment is the process of empowering people by helping them improve their feeling of ability and competence, and overcome the feeling of their impotence and helplessness. So, It is suggested that training programs for women's empowerment be supported by the agenda Relief Committee and other institutions, as one of the effective programs

Optimal multi‐period planning of the distribution network in the presence of wide‐spread penetration of small‐scale solar resources

Abstract This paper proposes a mixed‐integer non‐linear programming (MINLP) model for the multi‐period active low voltage (LV) distribution network expansion planning problem, which can be solved by off‐the‐shelf optimization solvers. In addition, the wide‐spread penetration of solar resources, optimal loading of transformers, and modeling of the multiple solar generation patterns are considered in the model. The solar resources are of roof‐top household‐scale photovoltaic panel type, developed using a host‐owned business model and are able to exchange energy with the distribution company (DISCO). This model enables the DISCO, as the owner of the network, to minimize the investment and operation costs while being able to determine the optimal location and capacity of the distribution transformers, the service zone of distribution transformers, the optimal route of the distribution lines, and the total and annual planning costs. In order to check the efficiency of the proposed model, a 0.4 kV distribution test network is considered to plan the LV network of a residential district over a planning horizon of 5 years. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed model in dynamic expansion planning of the active LV distribution network. Also, results illustrates that the penetration of solar sources can be a great tool to improve the technical, economic, and environmental criteria for planning studies. Specifically while reducing the billing costs of customers, it favors the government to reduce the pollution costs, and it enables the DISCO to reduce the loss costs and maintain the voltage in the standard boundaries