Estimation of hormone residuals (B-Estradiole) in rainbow trout

Residual level of 17- Beta Stradiol and progesterone hormones in rainbow trout fish plasma were measured during different period using RIA method. Blood sampling from abdominal aorta were taken from 70 individual of female fishes (100±11 g) which had been exposed to hormone at 0.5, 1,2,4,8,12,24 and 168 h (7 groups) compared with control group which was not exposed to this hormone. Results showed that plasma hormones measurement in different fish groups after exposing had significant differences (P<0.01) and the highest and lowest 17-Beta Stradiol hormone residue were observed in fishes that exposed 0.5h and 168h to hormone respectively (121±9 ng. ml^-1 and 3±0.9 ng. ml^-1) but there is no any differences between fishes exposed 168h to hormone and control group. Also the highest progesterone hormone level were measured in fishes 0.5 an 1h exposed and the lowest one was in fishes 168 h exposed. The range of progesterone hormone were between 0.3 to 1.1 ng .ml^-1 and significant increasing of this hormone levels were obtained in fishes exposed to hormone 4 to 24h (P<0.01). As consequence these hormone can not residue in fishes for a long time and maximum after one week the levels back to the normal

The production of all-female in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using indirect feminization

The sex reversal technique in fish is widespread in many countries. The development of these techniques is desirable because rainbow trout males reach their gonad maturity earlier compared to the females. Rainbow trout alevins were treated with 17α-methyltestosterone incorporated in the diet (0.5. 1.5, 3, 6 and 10 mg/kg) for 60 days from the beginning of first feeding. Sex was determined at 180 and 680 dpf by sampling fish (n = 20) from each group and examining gross gonadal morphology under a dissecting microscope. Also sex reversal ratio and growth performance were determined in hormone-treated groups. These sex reversed functional males were reared for brood stock until they attained sexual maturity. At the end of experiment, normal rainbow trout eggs were fertilized with the sperms taken from sex reversed males for producing all-female populations. Examination of the results showed that 17α- methyltestosterone was effective in all treatment. The highest sex reversal ratio with 100% was observed in group treated with 0.5, 1.5 and 3 mg/kg 17α- methyltestosterone. The highest live weight ratios were observed in groups fed with 6, 0.5 17α-methyltestosterone and control group. Female progeny produced from the sex reversed males were 100 % in all males that sired offspring. All female trout stocks produced by this method have advantage in rainbow trout culture since the fish is not meant for direct human consumption and is used to generate brood stock, therefore, difference of growth parameters do not influence the success

Preparation, characterization and toxicity evaluation of Co3O4 and NiO-filled multi-walled carbon nanotubes loaded to chitosan

Multi-walled Carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been extensively explored for a variety of biomedical and tissue engineering applications. Their high surface area provides tunable multiple attachment sites for acquiring appropriate biological and biomechanical properties. Despite, the cytotoxicity of MWCNTs is dubious with or without surface functionalization. In the present study, two different kinds of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the presence of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) and nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles have been prepared through a simplistic and effective method, and thus, the Co3O4/MWNT and NiO/MWNT structures are loaded to chitosan in methanol solution at 65°C. Results upon the synthesis and structural characterization were obtained by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. It has been shown that the tuned functionalized MWCNTs are able to reduce cytotoxic effects and improve biocompatibility and be more appropriate for potential future clinical applications. © 2017 Elsevier B.V

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Novel Hg(II) and Zn(II) Complexes of Bis(Thiosemicarbazone) Acenaphthenequinone Loaded to MWCNTs

This paper describes a series of new polyamides containing bis(thiosemicarbazone) acenaphthenequinone (PA), bis(thiosemicarbazone) acenaphthenequinone zinc (Z-PA), and bis(thiosemicarbazone) acenaphthenequinone mercury (H-PA) complexes loaded onto MWCNTs synthesized via a chemical precipitation method in methanol followed by antimicrobial activity studies on the novel functionalized MWCNTs complexes. These complexes are characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antibacterial activity of free PA, Z-PA, and H-PA complexes loaded onto MWCNTs are studied against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The results indicate that the HPA/MWCNT complex is the most effective growth inhibitor against Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, exhibiting the potential for the use as an antibacterial agent. © 2019, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd