Firm Performance Under Infrastructure Constraints: Evodence from Sub-sahara African Firms

The poor business environment mainly poor infrastructure is found to has paramount importance in explaining Africa's disadvantage relative to other similar countries. To cope with this poor supply of electricity, firms adopt different mechanisms to reduce the resulting effects. The commonly adopted coping strategy is an investment in self-generation of electricity. This study examined the role of investing in self-generation in mitigating the outage loss and evaluated the outage loss differential between �firms that invested in self-generation and those that did not, using World Bank Enterprise Survey data collected from �firms operating in 13 Sub-Saharan African countries. The result obtained shows that, though self-generation has reduced the amount of outage loss for fi�rms that invested in self-generation, these firms continue to face higher unmitigated outage loss compared to firms without such investment. In spite of this, �firms that invested in self-generation would have incurred 36%-99% more than the current amount of outage loss if they do not engaged in self-generation. Similarly, �firms that did not invest in self-generation would have reduced their outage loss by 2% - 24% if they had engaged in self-generation. The study thus, recommended a di�fferential supply interruption to be followed by public authorities based on �firms' degree of vulnerability to power interruptions

Firm Performance Under Infrastructure Constraints: Evodence from Sub-sahara African Firms

The poor business environment mainly poor infrastructure is found to has paramount importance in explaining Africa's disadvantage relative to other similar countries. To cope with this poor supply of electricity, firms adopt different mechanisms to reduce the resulting effects. The commonly adopted coping strategy is an investment in self-generation of electricity. This study examined the role of investing in self-generation in mitigating the outage loss and evaluated the outage loss differential between �firms that invested in self-generation and those that did not, using World Bank Enterprise Survey data collected from �firms operating in 13 Sub-Saharan African countries. The result obtained shows that, though self-generation has reduced the amount of outage loss for fi�rms that invested in self-generation, these firms continue to face higher unmitigated outage loss compared to firms without such investment. In spite of this, �firms that invested in self-generation would have incurred 36%-99% more than the current amount of outage loss if they do not engaged in self-generation. Similarly, �firms that did not invest in self-generation would have reduced their outage loss by 2% - 24% if they had engaged in self-generation. The study thus, recommended a di�fferential supply interruption to be followed by public authorities based on �firms' degree of vulnerability to power interruptions

Mathematical Modeling of the Interaction Between Langerhans Cells and the Spread of HIV Infection

In this research work, we propose a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equation used to model the interaction between Langerhans cells and HIV infection. The model consists of five compartments, namely, susceptible Langerhans cells, infected Langerhans cells, susceptible T-cells, infected T-cells and free HIV particles. The biology of interactions of Langerhans cells with HIV and mathematical preliminaries which plays a crucial role in our entire research work was described. By presenting a theoretical framework related to the infection mechanism, a biologically meaning full assumption was considered. Furthermore, the positivity of the model solution, the equilibrium point (both virus free and endemic equilibrium) of the model was shown and its stability was investigated. Finally, by using a numerical simulation the developed model was studied and the results concluded that the numerical simulation matches the analytical solution as expected