Bioremediation Potential of Chlorella vulgaris and Nostoc paludosum on azo Dyes with Analysis of Metabolite Changes

               استخدمت الطحالب المجهرية على نطاق واسع في عملية المعالجة البيولوجية لتحلل أو تكثيف الأصباغ السامة. شملت الدراسه الحاليه تقييم كفاءة كلا من  طحلب  C. vulgaris و N. paluodosum فى إزالة اللون الخاص باثنين من الأصباغ السامة ; هما صبغه الكريستال البنفسجي (CV) و الملكيت الأخضر (MG) علاوة على ذلك  فقد تم تحديد ملامح التمثيل الغذائي للنوعين. أيضا متابعة تأثيرالأصباغ على النمط الأيضي للطحالب التي تمت دراستها. أظهرت البيانات أن طحلب C. vulgaris كان أكثر فاعلية في إزالة تلوين MG و CV ، وكانت أعلى نسبة إزالة للون هى 93.55 ٪ في حالة MG ، بينما سجلت نسبة 62.98 ٪ لإزالة لونCV . اما فى حالة طحلب N. paluodosum كانت النسبة المئوية لإزالة لون MG هى 77.6 ٪ ، ونسبة إزالة اللون من CV كانت 35.1 ٪. تم عمل النمط الأيضي للطحلبين باستخدام التحليل الطيفي للرنين المغناطيسي النووي (NMR) استنادًا إلى بيانات 1 D و 2D   وتم تحديد 43 مركبًا في مستخلص طحلب C. vulgaris ، بينما تم تحديد 34 مركبا فى حالة طحلب N. paluodosum وشملت المركبات التي تم تحديدها الكربوهيدرات والأحماض الأمينية والأحماض العضوية و البيبتيدات الثنائية والفينولات. تم إجراء تحليلات إحصائية للتعرف على نمط تباين الأيض  بين عينات مجموعه السيطره والطحالب المعالجة بالأصباغ. وقد أوضح تحليل المكون الرئيسى والتحليل العنقودي الهرمي أن العينات التي تمت معاملتها باستخدام  MG منفصلة بوضوح عن عينة السيطره في كلا النوعين من الطحالب. بناءً على بيانات خريطة الحرارة يتأثر مستوى تركيز الكربوهيدرات والأحماض الأمينية بشدة بالمعالجة الحيوية لصبغ MG مقارنة بصبغة CV..               Microalgae have been used widely in bioremediation processes to degrade or adsorb toxic dyes. Here, we evaluated the decolorization efficiency of Chlorella vulgaris and Nostoc paludosum against two toxic dyes, crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG). Furthermore, the effect of CV and MG dyes on the metabolic profiling of the studied algae has been investigated. The data showed that C. vulgaris was most efficient in decolorization of CV and MG: the highest percentage of decolorization was 93.55% in case of MG, while CV decolorization percentage was 62.98%. N. paludosum decolorized MG dye by 77.6%, and the decolorization percentage of CV was 35.1%. Metabolic profiling of C. vulgaris and N. paludosum were performed using NMR spectroscopy. Based on 1D and 2D NMR data, 43 compounds were identified in the polar extract of C. vulgaris, while 34 polar metabolites were successfully determined in N. paludosum. The identified compounds included carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, dipeptides, steroids and phenols. Statistical analysis was carried out to recognize the pattern of metabolite variation between control and dye treated samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis showed that samples treated with MG are clearly separated from the control in both types of algae. Based on heat map data, the level of carbohydrates and amino acids concentrations are strongly affected by bioremediation of MG dye compared with CV dye. In conclusion, the present study proved that CV and MG dyes are considered as stress factors and the studied algae species exert their bioremediation activity without the dyes being absorbed into the cells

In Vivo Investigation of the Ameliorating Effect of Copper Albumin Complex on chondroitin sulfate in Monosodium iodoacetate -Induced Knee Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a condition that manifests as cartilage deterioration and subchondral bone sclerosis in the joint tissues. The weight-bearing joint is most severely impacted by OA. According to some research, consuming foods high in copper albumin complex (cu-albumin complex) can help with OA-related joint degeneration and pain relief. The current study's objective to determine how oral administration of the cu-albumin complex as an anti-inflammatory medication affected the development of rat knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Fifty adult albino rats were divided into three groups: negative control untreated (n= 10, no KOA induction); positive untreated control (n= 20, KOA induction); and treated group (n= 20, KOA induction with administration of cu-albumin complex). According to the severity of the clinical symptoms, treated and untreated arthritic groups were equally divided into mild and severe groups (n=10). Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) was used as intra-articular injection for osteoarthritis induction. Rats were euthanized after a month of the beginning of the experiment, and the joints were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. It was indicated that the treatment was effective in reducing KOA severity and in improvement of chondroitin sulfate of the affected cartilages. In conclusion, the structure of the chondroitin sulphate in the knee joint cartilages of KOA-affected rats was modified by the cu-albumin complex

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)

Can residual kidney function affect quality of life and cognitive function in hemodialysis patients?

Abstract Background Residual kidney function (RKF) may provide many benefits to patients on permanent renal replacement therapy that are reflected in better control of biochemical parameters. In hemodialysis patients, quality of life (QOL) and cognitive function are often impaired. This study aimed to assess the predictors of RKF and its impact on QOL and cognitive function in chronic hemodialysis patients. Patients and methods The study involved seventy-eight patients suffering from end-stage renal disease on regular hemodialysis. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of RKF (24-hour urine volume ≥ 100 ml). Beside basic laboratory investigations, all patients were subjected to Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form (KDQOL-SF) version 1.3 for assessing the quality of life and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score for assessing cognitive function. Results There was a significantly higher score for KDQOL domains and MoCA score in patients with RKF compared to patients without RKF. There was a significant positive correlation between RKF and both of MoCA score and the physical composite score (PCS) of QOL. Moreover, there were statistically significant positive correlations between the MoCA score and both PCS and mental composite score (MCS). On multivariate analysis, hemodialysis duration was the only predictor for RKF; whereas age was a significant predictor for PCS; and MoCA score could be significantly predicted by the measured RKF and patients’ age. Conclusion HD patients with maintained RKF had better QOL and cognitive function. The duration of HD and the age of the patients were found to be related to RKF and PCS in this study. RKF was associated with the cognitive performance of hemodialysis patients

Impact of different magnetic materials added to silver–magnetite nanoparticles on the structural, magnetic and antimicrobial properties

Different magnetic materials of spinel copper and cobalt nanoferrites added to silver–magnetite nanoparticles were fabricated by a facile, low cost, and rapid auto-combustion method to form a nanocomposite. X-ray diffraction patterns and atomic force microscopy were studied for the investigated samples and confirmed their nanosize range. Adding cobalt nanoferrite to silver–magnetite (CoAF) yielded a more pronounced effect in the magnetic measurements than adding copper nanoferrite (CuAF). This result was attributed to the much higher coercivity Hc and saturation magnetization Ms (5.7-fold and 2.8-fold, respectively) of CoAF than CuAF; accordingly, the CoAF nanocomposite can be applied to a permanent magnet. Next, the operating frequencies of the nanocomposites were calculated from the magnetic measurements. The CoAF and CuAF nanocomposites were applicable in the microwave super-high-frequency C-band and the microwave super-high-frequency S-band, respectively. Both nanocomposites were ineffective against the tested fungi but showed strong antimicrobial activities against the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Thus, CoAF and CuAF nanocomposites are potential antibacterial nanomaterials for biomedical applications

Demographic, clinical and radiological characteristics of seronegative spondyloarthritis Egyptian patients: A rheumatology clinic experience in Mansoura

Introduction: Seronegative spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of chronic potentially disabling diseases that affect mainly axial joints in addition to extra-articular manifestations such as enthesitis, dactylitis and uveitis. Aim of the work: To assess the demographic features, clinical manifestations and radiological findings of SpA in Egyptian patients. Patients and methods: Fifty-three SpA patients were recruited from the Rheumatology and Immunology Unit of Mansoura University Hospital. Demographic, clinical and therapeutic data were collected. Skin was carefully assessed for psoriasis. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. All patients were evaluated by conventional radiographs of hands, knees, ankles, sacroiliac joints (SIJ) and lumbosacral spines in addition to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the SIJs. Results: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) was the most prevalent (55%) followed by psoriatic arthritis (PsA) (38%) and 2 patients had enteropathic arthritis, one had reactive arthritis and another had undifferentiated SpA. The mean age of the patients was 39 ± 10.8 years; disease duration was 10 ± 3.5 years with a male predominance (58%). Inflammatory low back pain was present in all the patients and 77.4% had both axial and peripheral arthritis. Extra-articular manifestations as enthesitis, bursitis and dactylitis were detected in only 9.4% of patients. Sacroiliitis was detected in 81.1% of patients using conventional radiographs. MRI detected bone marrow edema in 9.4%, narrowing in 11.3%, sclerosis in 17% and ankylosis in 52.8%. Conclusion: The demographic, clinical and radiological characteristics of Egyptian SpA patients are comparable to those from other countries except for the lower prevalence of extra-articular manifestations

Utility of anti-carbamylated protein antibodies in the diagnosis of early rheumatoid arthritis

Background: Anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies are present in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and may present before disease onset. Our aim is to investigate the diagnostic value of anti-CarP antibody in Egyptian RA patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 96 RA patients (56 patients with early disease and 40 patients with established disease) and 60 healthy controls. Demographic and clinical data, smoking status, and disease activity score were recorded. Laboratory tests included erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, and anti-CarP antibody. Results: Anti-CarP antibody levels in RA patients were significantly higher than in controls (8.80 ± 5.95 vs. 2.19 ± 1.01, P < 0.0001). Out of 96 RA patients; 74 (77.1%) were positive for anti -CarP anti body including 47patients with early RA while only 5 subjects (8.3%) in control group were positive. Receiver-operating characteristic curve study for diagnostic efficacy of anti-CarP antibody in early RA diagnosis demonstrated a significant area under the curve, 0.950 (95% confidence interval, 0.912–0.987, P < 0.0001) and yielded a sensitivity of 85.4%, a specificity of 93.3%, a positive predictive value of 0.90, and a negative predictive value of 0.86. Conclusion: Anti-CarP antibody is a useful biomarker for early RA diagnosis

Differential genes expression biomarkers for menstrual and peripheral blood stains analysis

Abstract Background Identification of menstrual blood is an important issue in forensic biology, but there are no confirmatory methods for its detection. This study aimed to investigate the use of mRNA markers (hemoglobin alpha (HBA), matrix metalloproteinases 7 &11 (MMP7 &MMP11) as forensic markers for differentiation between menstrual and peripheral blood stains. Results HBA was present in all peripheral and menstrual blood samples with higher levels in peripheral blood. MMP 7&11 were absent in peripheral blood samples. MMP7 levels were higher than that of MMP11 throughout days of menstruation (days 1–5). Conclusion HBA, MMP7&MMP11 could be useful markers for differentiation between menstrual and peripheral blood stains. Further studies should be conducted on various fabrics and other body fluids

Morphological, Molecular and Metabolic Characterization of the Pigmented Fungus <i>Subramaniula asteroids</i>

Chaetomiaceae fungi are ascosporulating fungi whose importance as human pathogens has been frequently ignored. In the current study, a new isolate of the genus Subramaniula was described. The fungus was isolated from the soil of Wadi Om Nefa’a, Hurghada in the Red Sea Governorate, Egypt. Previously, Subramaniula were misidentified as Papulaspora spp. According to molecular analysis, the fungus was identified as Subramaniula asteroids OP484336. Remarkably, this species has been found among other fungi responsible for keratitis in humans and has been recorded for the first time in Egypt. Analysing the Subramaniula asteroids’ metabolic profile was one of the objectives of the current study because little is known about this family’s metabolome. The fungal extract’s untargeted metabolic profiling was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), 1H and 1H-HSQC nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data, and their corresponding databases. In total, fifty-nine metabolites have been reported in the polar and non-polar extracts. The majority of polar metabolites are amino acids and carbohydrates. The non-polar extract’s main components were 1-dodecanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, 1-tetradecanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, and 9-octadecenoic acid ethyl ester. The current study is the first to provide a metabolic profile of Subramaniula asteroids, which can be used in chemotaxonomical classification, antifungal drug development, and biological activity investigation of the studied species