Characterization of lung diseases using computed tomography in burydah city

Background: This study was designed to characterize the chest diseases using MSCT. To determine the diagnostic value of MSCT in the chest diseases and to know their prevalence in Qassim region. Methods and materials: A retrospective review of medical records from 19 February 2017 to 12 May 2018 was carried out of patients, who had undergone chest CT with and without IV contrast, were reviewed. A total of 55 patients with lung diseases were analyzed 30 (55%) were males and 25 (45%) females. Their age ranged from 20-80 (mean±41years) in Burydah central hospital and King Saud hospital, who are complaining from lung diseases and they have clinical evidence. Data recorded with the variables of interest; the gender, age, smoking habits residential states, types of pathology, the symptoms and breathing rate. The collected data have been analyzed using statistical package for social science SPSS version 21 and the data have been shown in bars, percentage % and correlations. Results: This study revealed that most of the cases had airway diseases which represent 14.5 %, with average age 41 years. Most of the affected cases were males, their ages above 30 years. Followed by multi metastasis which represents 10.9% of all cases their ages above 51 years and it is common in male patients. Conclusion: It concluded that MSCT imaging is best imaging technique that allows for non- invasive evaluations of chest diseases with a high diagnostic precision and well characterized, and have remarkably improved disease outcomes as well. Strongly significant link was observed between respiratory rate and age, P value (0.001). Although chest radiographs are still useful as an initial test

Biohydrogen Production From Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Anaerobic Fermentation

Biological hydrogen production was investigated using biomass in palm oil mill effluent (POME) and artificial wastewater containing 1% glucose, 0.2% yeast extract and 0.018% magnesium chloride hexahydrate under anaerobic fermentation in a batch process. Activated POME sludge and different types of composts were collected as sources of inocula for the study. The anaerobic microflora were found to produce significant amounts of hydrogen. In the study with artificial media, 500 ml batch bioreactor was used. The experiments were carried out without pH control and at different temperatures. The maximum yield of 108.4 mmol-Hz/L-med (2.01 mol- H2/mol-glucose) at the maximum evolution rate of 182 rnl/(L-med hr) was obtained with Crest compost at 400C. Hydrogen production from POME was studied using a 5-L bioreactor optimal hydrogen production was observed at 600C and a pH range of 5.5 to 6.0, the maximal hydrogen yields of 179 mrnol/L-POME and 189 rnmol/LPOME at evolution rates of 454 ml/(L-POME hr) and 421 rnl/(L-POME hr) were obtained respectively. Fed batch hydrogen production was conducted to study the reproducibility of microflora for hydrogen production from POME. Two liters of reaction medium was removed and 2 liters of fresh POME was added to the reaction medium every 24 hr (15 times) and the reproducibility of the fed batch process was checked by changing feeding time every 8 hr (10 times). A yield of 2382 1x11-Hz/ L-POME and 2419 rnl-Hz/ L-POME at maximum evolution rates of 313 ml-Hz/ (L-POME hr) and 436 ml-Hz/(L-POME hr) were obtained respectively. Moreover, when the hydrogen production from POME using rnicroflora was scaled-up to 10 L bioreactor, hydrogen yields of 140 mrnol/LPOME and 96 mrnol/L-POME at evolution rates of 361ml/(L-POME hr) and 188 ml/(L-POME hr) were obtained at pH of 5.5 and uncontrolled pH respectively. Overall, hydrogen production was accompanied with the formation of acetate and butyrate. The experimental results showed that the gas composition contained hydrogen (66-68%) and carbon dioxide (32-34%). Throughout the study, methane gas was not observed in the evolved gas mixture. It was also found that the addition of nitrogen source in the medium caused a change in the hydrogen yield.A simple model developed from Gompertz Equation was applied to estimate the hydrogen production potential (P), hydrogen production rate (R,) and lag phase time (A), based on the cumulative hydrogen production curve. This study suggests that POME is suitable for biohydrogen synthesis without addition of any other nutrients. The finding of this study was highly reliable and showed that POME has potential for biological hydrogen production

Patterns of surgical causes of inguinoscrotal lesions in neonates in Sohag, Upper Egypt: a single-center experience

Background/purpose: Inguinoscrotal lesions (ISLs) are not uncommon during the first month of life. Most of the lesions are congenital. Although physical examination can detect most of the lesions, differential diagnosis is sometimes difficult. Our objective was to evaluate different patterns and spectrums of surgical causes of ISLs seen in the neonatal period.Patients and methods: This prospective observational study included neonates with surgical causes of ISL presented during the period from June 2015 to September 2016. Neonates with nonsurgical causes of ISL were excluded. All cases were subjected to management strategies that consist of physical examinations, imaging studies accordingly, and surgical repair, when needed. The approval of the ethics committee was obtained. Demographic data, presence of associated anomalies, operative data, and outcome of surgical intervention during neonatal period all were reported and analyzed.Results: There were 63 neonates with surgical causes of ISL. The spectrum of findings was as follows: 28 (44.4%) patients with hernia including complicated hernias, 18 (28.6%) patients with hydrocele, 12 (19%) patients with empty scrotum (unilateral or bilateral), three (4.8%) patients with scrotal anomalies, one patient with torsion, and one patient with hematoma.Conclusion: ISL in neonates carries a wide range of varieties. Although congenital inguinal hernia is the commonest, other causes should be kept in mind for differential diagnosis.Keywords: hydrocele, inguinoscrotal lesions, neonatal congenital inguinal herni

Impacts of Polyanionic Cellulose Polymer (PAC-LV) on Drilling Fluids Properties

This study aims at the assessment of the effect of Polyanionic Cellulose Polymer (PAC-LV) into water base drilling fluids Properties. Laboratory investigations of physical properties of raw material (clay) show that the clay is near to class Ca Bentonite. Adding PAC-LV increases viscosity and decreases filter loss. Drilling fluids need huge amount of PAC-LV to meet American Petroleum Institute Standards (API). The study concludes that the PAC-LV is an expensive drilling fluids properties improver, not recommended to be used

Rheologyical Properties Evaluation of Sudanese Bentonite with Different Additives

This study was carried out to assess the rheological properties and filtration loss for a drilling fluid prepared from local bentonite. Required data and sampleswere carfelluy gathered from the study area(Al-fao area) in accord of approved sampling procesdures. Mineralogical, physical, chemical tests were carried out to assess quality of local bentonite. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC), polyanionic cellulose polymer(PAC-LV), and sodium carbonate(Na2CO3)wereused to increase viscosity and to decrease filtration losses. The results have shown that the local bentonite can satisfy the American Petroluem Institute (API) specifications for different concentrations of CMC and PAC-LV. Adition of 10% CMC concentration for the selected local bentonite, inhances rheological properties, filter loss and yield point as related to plastic viscosity ratio became within the range of API specification

An in-vitro evaluation of the efficacy of oral devices to remove dental biofilm from three prosthodontic materials

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)Introduction: The evolution of Dentistry witnessed an increase in fixed prostheses as opposed to removable ones. Zirconia (ZrO2) and Lithium disilicate (LDS) are becoming the material of choice in implant or tooth retained prostheses. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a recent alternative as it is lighter and causes less wear of opposing retained teeth. Biofilm formation is a permanent daily struggle for patients as it can be found in nearly all surfaces exposed to the natural environment. Therefore, the interest in a new device capable of removing or reducing oral biofilm from fixed prostheses is increasing. Aquaflosser (AQ) and Waterpik (WP) are examples of these oral irrigating devices that were introduced to the dental market recently. They can be effective in removing dental biofilm from different surfaces. Purpose of study: The purpose of this study is to evaluate biofilm formation on three fixed dental substructures and to evaluate the efficacy of two oral irrigating devices on biofilm removal from these three substructures

Comparison between Preterm versus Full Term Septic Neonates Whose Feeding Is Powdered Milk Formula Regarding Cronabacter Sakazakii

Background: Foodborne pathogen Cronobacter sakazakii (CS) has been detected around the world. When it comes to foodborne bacteria, C. difficile (CS) is one of the most prevalent diseases, particularly among infants with low birth weight and preterm neonates. Objective: To compare between the incidence of Cronobacter Sakazakii infection among preterm versus full term septic neonates whose feeding is powdered milk formula. Patients and Methods: Our study was a comparative cross-sectional study and included 50 neonates: 25 full term and 25 premature. It was conducted at Pediatrics Department, Zagazig University Hospital and the patients’ status fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Medical history, clinical examination, and laboratory tests were performed on all patients. Collection of specimens and culture and sensitivity tests for the isolates were also done. Results: There was significant increase of prevalence of Cronobacter sakazakii in preterm more than full term. The sepsis score and its associated characteristics varied significantly between the two groups. With time, increasing temperature led to reduce number of C. sakazakii in reconstituted infant powdered milk Conclusion: Powdered infant formula (PIF) can be contaminated with C. sakazakii, which can cause sickness in infants who are fed PIF rather than breast milk, and in preterm infants rather than full-term ones

Local Reference Ranges of Thyroid Volume in Sudanese Normal Subjects Using Ultrasound

This study aimed to establish a local reference of thyroid volume in Sudanese normal subjects using ultrasound. A total of 103 healthy subjects were studied, 28 (27.18%) females and 75 (72.82%) males. Thyroid volume was estimated using ellipsoid formula. The mean age and range of the subjects was 21.8 (19–29) years; the mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.3 (16.46–26.07) kg/m2. The overall mean volume ± SD volume of the thyroid gland for both lobes in all the patients studied was 6.44 ± 2.44 mL. The mean volume for both lobes in females and males were 5.78 ± 1.96 mL and 6.69 ± 2.56 mL, respectively. The males' thyroid volume was greater than the females'. The mean volume of the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland in males and females were 3.38 ± 1.37 mL and 3.09 ± 1.24 mL, respectively. The right thyroid lobe volume was greater than the left. The values obtained in this study were lower than those reported from previous studies