The Spinning Particles as a Nonlinear Realizations of the Superworldline Reparametrization Invariance

The superdiffeomorphisms invariant description of $N$ - extended spinning particle is constructed in the framework of nonlinear realizations approach. The action is universal for all values of $N$ and describes the time evolution of $D+2$ different group elements of the superdiffeomorphisms group of the $(1,N)$ superspace. The form of this action coincides with the one-dimensional version of the gravity action, analogous to Trautman's one.Comment: 4 pages, RevTe

Synthesis of tacrine analogues derived from n-aryl-5-amino-4-cyanopyrazoles

Synthesis of eleven tacrine analogues derived from N-aryl-5-amino-4-cyanopyrazoles, by a Friedländer type reaction, is described. Their structures were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and/or mass spectrometry.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and FEDER (POCTI-SFA-3-686

Rapid and sensitive methods for detection of Allorhizobium vitis, causal agent of grapevine crown gall

A rapid method and sensitive methods for extraction of bacterial DNA from pure culture and directly from plant materiel were compared in polymerase chain reaction with specific primers VCF3/VCR3 to see the reliable method that can used in the detection of tumorigenic strain of Allorhizobium vitis causal agent of grapevine crown gall. From the three tested methods of DNA extraction from pure culture, the alkaline method is the most effective technique for the extraction presenting a high sensitivity with a detection threshold equal to 5.104 CFU/ml. Five different protocols for extracting bacterial DNA from plant tissues of infected tomato, based on the use of an extraction buffer, were tested to see its usefulness in detecting pathogenic strain of A. vitisS4. Two protocols based on the use of Triton X-100 and Tween 20 were efficient for detecting A. vitis S4 directly from tomato tumors with a sensitivity of 103 CFU/ml for the both protocols. Consequently, these protocols were proposed as specific protocols for the detection of tumorigenic strain of A. vitis from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants

Quantitative assessment of sewer overflow performance with climate change in northwest England

Changes in rainfall patterns associated with climate change can affect the operation of a combined sewer system, with the potential increase in rainfall amount. This could lead to excessive spill frequencies and could also introduce hazardous substances into the receiving waters, which, in turn, would have an impact on the quality of shellfish and bathing waters. This paper quantifies the spilling volume, duration and frequency of 19 combined sewer overflows (CSOs) to receiving waters under two climate change scenarios, the high (A1FI), and the low emissions (B1) scenarios, simulated by three global climate models (GCMs), for a study catchment in northwest England. The future rainfall is downscaled, using climatic variables from HadCM3, CSIRO and CGCM2 GCMs, with the use of a hybrid generalized linear–artificial neural network model. The results from the model simulation for the future in 2080 showed an annual increase of 37% in total spill volume, 32% in total spill duration, and 12% in spill frequency for the shellfish water limiting requirements. These results were obtained, under the high emissions scenario, as projected by the HadCM3 as maximum. Nevertheless, the catchment drainage system is projected to cope with the future conditions in 2080 by all three GCMs. The results also indicate that under scenario B1, a significant drop was projected by CSIRO, which in the worst case could reach up to 50% in spill volume, 39% in spill duration and 25% in spill frequency. The results further show that, during the bathing season, a substantial drop is expected in the CSO spill drivers, as predicted by all GCMs under both scenarios

The Breathing Mode in Extended Skyrme Model

We study an extended Skyrme model which includes fourth and sixth-order terms. We explore some static properties like the $\Delta$-nucleon mass splitting and investigate the Skyrmion breathing mode in the framework of the linear response theory. We find that the monopole response function has a pronounced peak located at $\sim$ 400 MeV, which we identify to the Roper resonance $N(1440)$. As compared to the standard one, the extended Skyrme model provides a more accurate description of baryon properties.Comment: 12 pages of plain Latex and 3 figures (available from the authors), preprint IPNO/TH 93-0

Garag sheep phenotype and husbandry in Um Hani area in the White Nile State, Sudan

Garag sheep phenotype and husbandry were studied in a survey of 295 animals at <1 - >4 years old in Um Hani area in the White Nile State, Sudan. Body weight (BW) and measurements generally increased with age from <1 to 4 years old. The tail was below the hock joint in most animals. The hair was short and rough and the coat colour varied and was mainly white (73.89% in females and 64.44% in males),  black and white (9.49% in females and 17.78% in males) and white and red (5.08% in females and 6.67% in males). The face profile was convex and the animals were polled. There were strong correlations between BW and measurements and different linear regression equations were used to predict BW from heart girth (HG), height at withers (HW) and body length (BL) with no significant differences between measured and predicted BW. Flock size was 80.78 and females formed most of the flocks (88.37%). Lambs were weaned at 4.24 months old. Age at puberty was 6.82 months in males and 7.2 months in females. Age at first service was 8.12 months in males and 7.96 months in females. Gestation period was 154.2 days. Lambing interval was 356.4 days and lambing was from August to September. Lactation period was 124.8 days and average milk yield was 0.37 kg/day. Longevity was higher in females (6.48 years) than males (3.8 years)

Heterocyclic synthesis with nitriles: synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidine and pyrazolopyridine derivatives

The reaction of N1-substituted-5-amino-4-cyanopyrazoles with malononitrile and diethylmalonate occurs with formation of 6-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines respectively. The structures of the products and conceivable mechanisms are discussed.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - SFRH/BPD/31490/2006Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) - POCTI-SFA-3-68

Mathematical analysis of HIV/HTLV-I co-infection model with saturated incidence rate

Direct contact with specific contaminated body fluids is how both the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) are transmitted from one person to another. Therefore, the two viruses can co-infect same person. In the literature all the HIV/HTLV-I co-infection models assume that the infection rate is given by bilinear incidence. However, for high concentration of pathogens, the bilinear incidence is not suitable. Therefore, this study will focus on the dynamical behavior of an HIV/HTLV-I co-infection model with saturated incidence. The model includes the effect of Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) immune response. Through the non-negativity and boundedness of the solutions, we demonstrated that our proposed model is biologically acceptable. We calculate the threshold parameters which determine when the equibrium point exists and when it is globally asymptotically stable. Utilizing the Lyapunov function and Lyapunov-LaSalle asymptotic stability, we demonstrate the global asymptotic stability of all equilibrium. We performed numerical simulations to confirm the analytical solutions. The effect of saturation on The dynamics of HIV/HTLV-I co-infection are discussed

Effects of added phosphorus and zinc on yield and its components of corn

   Experiments were conducted for two seasons (2000/01 and 2001/02) to study the effects of added phosphorus and zinc fertilizers on yield and its components of corn(Zea mays L.) grown on Remaitab soil series, (fine, smectitic, isohyperthermic, Typic Haplusterts) at the Gezira Research Station Farm, Wad Medani, Sudan. Phosphorus was banded in the soil as triple superphosphate at three rates (0, 43 and 86 kg P2O5 ha-1). Zinc, as zinc sulphate, was also banded at three rates (0, 5 and 10 kg Zn ha-1). Nitrogen was broadcast as a basal dose in the form of urea at a recommended dose of 86 kg N ha-1. Experiments were arranged in a split-plot design with four replicates. The results indicated that applica-tion of both nutrients significantly (P<0.05) increased the number of cobs ha-1, the number and weight of grains/cob, 100 grain weight and grain yield. However, doubling the rate of P to 86 kg P2O5 ha-1 did not result in a significant difference over that of 43 kg P2O5 ha-1 for most parameters studied.  Application of both P rates (43 and 86 kg P2 O5 ha-1) each in combination with Zn rates (5 and 10 kg Zn ha-1) increased weight of grains per cob, 100 grain weight and grain yield as compared to other treatments. For attaining maximum yield, application of 43 kg P2O5 ha-1+ 10 kg Zn ha-1 banded in the soil at sowing is recommended, in addition to the recommended rate of nitrogen on the Remaitab soil series

Effects of phosphorus and zinc fertilizers on their contents in soil, plant and grains of corn

Experiments were conducted for two seasons 2000/01 and 2001/02 to study the effects of phosphorus and zinc fertilizers and their interactions on their soil extractable forms, their contents in corn (Zea mays L.) leaf tissue, and their grain uptake. The study was conducted on Remaitab soil series (fine, smectitic, isohyperthermic, typic Haplusterts) at the Gezira Research Station Farm, Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Medani, Sudan. Phosphorus was applied as triple superphosphate at three rates (0, 43 and 86 kg P2O5 ha-1). Zinc was added to the soil as zinc sulphate (Zn SO4.7H2O) at three rates (0, 5 and 10 kg Zn ha-1).  The experiments were arranged in a split-plot design with four replicates. The main plots were assigned to phosphorus rates and .the sub plots were assigned to those of zinc. The treatments were completely randomized within each replicate. The results indicated that application of both nutrients significantly (P < 0.05) increased most of the parameters studied. Extractable soil Zn measured at 14 and at 70 days after sowing (DAS) and available soil P measured at 70 DAS were significantly reduced by the interaction of soil application of phosphorus and zinc fertilizers and both nutrients tended to reduce the concentration of each other in leaves especially when one of them was not added, and this was more pronounced in the cases of added P treatments on leaf tissue content of Zn. The results indicated that the major P-Zn interaction did not take place in the plant but in the soil where the availability of Zn was reduced by P and this was readily corrected by application of Zn. Application of both phosphorus rates in combination with zinc improved grain uptake of both nutrients, compare-ed to treatments receiving the same amounts of phosphorus but without zinc or treatments receiving no phosphorus with or without zinc applic-ation