15 research outputs found
KamÄl al-DÄ«n al-FÄrisÄ«âs additions to AbharÄ«âs âproofâ of the parallel postulate
This article is devoted to KamÄl al-DÄ«n al-FÄrisÄ«âs (d. 1319) additions to the well-known al-AbharÄ«âs âproofâ of the parallel postulate. These additions are found in only one codex, the manuscript Tunis 16167/7 also often referred to as one of the units of Tunis, al-Aáž„madiyya 5482 which is usually wrongly attributed to QÄážÄ« ZÄde al-RĆ«mÄ«
Al-HawÄrÄ«âs commentary on Ibn al-BannÄââs TalkhÄ«s: Contents and influences
In 1305 al-HawÄrÄ« completed his commentary on Ibn al-BannÄââs famous arithmetic book TalkhÄ«ÂœáčŁ aĂŸmÄl al-ÂŹisÄb . This is the only commentary, apart from Ibn al-BannÄââs own, to have been written during the authorâs lifetime. What distinguishes al-HawÄrÄ«âs book from the numerous later commentaries is its focus on numerical examples of the rules of calculation. We present here what we know about the author, his book, its salient features, and its influences
Mathématiques en Méditerranée : Réflexions autour de deux itinéraires
International audienceEnglish (French below) In this contribution, we propose two historical studies on mathematics in Mediterranean Countries. In the introduction, first of all, we intend to place our purpose at a right level precising our willingness to study those mathematics in clearly defined spaces and times, but not in their globality. After that, we focus on mathematics studied in Abbaco Schools in Mediaeval Italy and their relationship with works written by Fibonacci (d. after 1241) in the thirteenth century, one of the mathematicians who best represents mathematics in the Mediterranean Basin. Last but not least, we present transfers of both mathematics books and European Teachers to Southern Countries of the Mediterranean Sea that occurred during the Ottoman period of the eighteenth century. Less present in the historiography, we would like to show that they can't be omitted from the idea here illustrated of Mediterranean Mathematics. Français Dans cette contribution, nous proposons deux Ă©tudes Ă caractĂšre historique sur les mathĂ©matiques en MĂ©diterranĂ©e. Dans l'introduction, nous voulons tout d'abord placer notre propos Ă la bonne Ă©chelle en prĂ©cisant notre volontĂ© d'Ă©tudier lesdites mathĂ©matiques dans des espaces et des temps clairement dĂ©finis, et non pas dans leur globalitĂ©. Nous nous intĂ©ressons ensuite aux mathĂ©matiques des Ă©coles d'abaque dans l'Italie mĂ©diĂ©vale et leur relation avec les travaux de Fibonacci (mort ap. 1241), un des mathĂ©maticiens qui reprĂ©sentent le mieux le bassin MĂ©diterranĂ©en. Enfin, ce sont les transferts, durant la pĂ©riode ottomane du XVIIIe siĂšcle, des ouvrages mathĂ©matiques et des enseignants europĂ©ens vers les pays du Sud de la MĂ©diterranĂ©e qui sont dĂ©veloppĂ©s. Peu reprĂ©sentĂ©s dans l'historiographie, nous voulons montrer qu'ils ne peuvent pas ĂȘtre omis de l'idĂ©e ici illustrĂ©e de mathĂ©matiques en MĂ©diterranĂ©e.</p
Ămergence dâun savoir mathĂ©matique euro-islamique : LâOffrande du converti pour ranimer la flamme Ă©teinte
Nous Ă©tudions un traitĂ© scientifique en langue arabe, achevĂ© Ă Belgrade en 1779. Son titre est LâOffrande du converti pour ranimer la flamme Ă©teinte. Il ne fut jamais imprimĂ©, mais dix copies, dâaspect semblable Ă celui des manuscrits arabes traditionnels, attestent de sa circulation dans lâEmpire ottoman. Lâauteur, un converti Ă lâislam quâon appelait Osman Efendi, y aborde la gĂ©omĂ©trie euclidienne, la gĂ©omĂ©trie dâarpentage, la dynamique galilĂ©enne et leurs applications aux sciences militaires. Il affiche son ambition de « faire revivre et renouveler » la gĂ©omĂ©trie, « science oubliĂ©e et dĂ©laissĂ©e », et rĂ©vĂšle in fine avoir pour cela traduit des livres allemands et français. AprĂšs un essai de reconstruction de la biographie dâOsman Efendi, nous montrerons que son ouvrage est en rĂ©alitĂ© une production Ă©laborĂ©e, dĂ©passant largement la simple dĂ©marche de traduction. Montage soigneux de diffĂ©rentes sources europĂ©ennes que nous identifierons, il incorpore aussi un grand nombre dâĂ©lĂ©ments directement empruntĂ©s au savoir islamique de la tradition vivante. Il est ainsi le tĂ©moin remarquable dâune tentative de constitution dâun savoir hybride euro-islamique.We studied a scientific treatise in Arabic, completed in Belgrade in 1779. Its title is The Offering of the Convert to Rekindle the Extinguished Flame. It never appeared in print, but ten copies, similar in appearance to that of traditional Arabic manuscripts, give evidence that it circulated in the Ottoman Empire. The author, a convert to Islam called Osman Efendi, addresses Euclidean geometry, surveying geometry, Galilean dynamics and their applications in military science. He displays his ambition to ârevive and renewâ geometry, âa forgotten and neglected scienceâ, and ultimately reveals that he translated some German and French books for this purpose. After a tentative reconstruction of Osman Efendiâs biography, we will show that his book is actually an elaborate work going far beyond simple translation process. Carefully putting together various European sources that we shall identify, it also incorporates a large number of elements directly borrowed from Islamic knowledge of the living tradition. It is thus a remarkable testimony to an attempt to create a Euro-Islamic form of hybrid knowledge
Eastern and Western Instruments in Osman Efendiâs Hadiyyat al-MuhtadiÌ (The Gift of the Convert), 1779
International audienceThe aim of the present paper is to discuss the origin of the instruments described in Hadiyyat al-MuhtadiÌ (The Gift of the Convert), an Arabic-language mathematical treatise completed in Belgrade on 28 January 1779. This treatise was never printed, but the eleven extant manuscript copies we could locate, very similar in appearance to traditional Arabic manuscripts, suggest a widespread circulation throughout the former Ottoman Empire. [...] we list all of these instruments, translate Osmanâs descriptions of the lesser known ones, and discuss their origin: East or West
Eastern and Western Instruments in Osman Efendiâs Hadiyyat al-MuhtadiÌ (The Gift of the Convert), 1779
International audienceThe aim of the present paper is to discuss the origin of the instruments described in Hadiyyat al-MuhtadiÌ (The Gift of the Convert), an Arabic-language mathematical treatise completed in Belgrade on 28 January 1779. This treatise was never printed, but the eleven extant manuscript copies we could locate, very similar in appearance to traditional Arabic manuscripts, suggest a widespread circulation throughout the former Ottoman Empire. [...] we list all of these instruments, translate Osmanâs descriptions of the lesser known ones, and discuss their origin: East or West
Eastern and Western Instruments in Osman Efendiâs Hadiyyat al-MuhtadiÌ (The Gift of the Convert), 1779
International audienceThe aim of the present paper is to discuss the origin of the instruments described in Hadiyyat al-MuhtadiÌ (The Gift of the Convert), an Arabic-language mathematical treatise completed in Belgrade on 28 January 1779. This treatise was never printed, but the eleven extant manuscript copies we could locate, very similar in appearance to traditional Arabic manuscripts, suggest a widespread circulation throughout the former Ottoman Empire. [...] we list all of these instruments, translate Osmanâs descriptions of the lesser known ones, and discuss their origin: East or West
SulaymĂąn al-HarĂąâirĂź (1824-1877): his attempts to reconcile the Islamic civilization with modern science and mathematics education
International audienceWho was SulaymĂąn al-HarĂąâirĂź? Little is known about this enigmatic and controversial scholar. Born in Tunis in 1824, he settled in Paris in 1856 and died there in 1877. His unpublished manuscripts contain many translations into Arabic of French books, several of which are pertinent to mathematics. He translated arithmetic textbooks by Hippolyte Vernier, a surveying textbook by G. FrĂ©dĂ©ric Olivier and La Landeâs survey on uses of logarithms. He also drew up the plan for a comprehensive treatise on practical geometry, thus apparently laying the foundation for a Euro-Islamic hybrid mathematical knowledge. Keywords: Tunisia, Arabic language, translation, hybridization, arithmetic, logarithms, practical geometr
Ămergence d'un savoir mathĂ©matique euro-islamique : L'Offrande du converti pour ranimer la flamme Ă©teinte
International audienceWe studied a scientific treatise in Arabic, completed in Belgrade in 1779. Its title is The Offering of the Convert to Rekindle the Extinguished Flame. It never appeared in print, but ten copies, similar in appearance to that of traditional Arabic manuscripts, give evidence that it circulated in the Ottoman Empire. The author, a convert to Islam called Osman Efendi, addresses Euclidean geometry, surveying geometry, Galilean dynamics and their applications in military science. He displays his ambition to ârevive and renewâ geometry, âa forgotten and neglected scienceâ, and ultimately reveals that he translated some German and French books for this purpose. After a tentative reconstruction of Osman Efendiâs biography, we will show that his book is actually an elaborate work going far beyond simple translation process. Carefully putting together various European sources that we shall identify, it also incorporates a large number of elements directly borrowed from Islamic knowledge of the living tradition. It is thus a remarkable testimony to an attempt to create a Euro-Islamic form of hybrid knowledge.Nous Ă©tudions un traitĂ© scientifique en langue arabe, achevĂ© Ă Belgrade en 1779. Son titre est "L'Offrande du converti pour ranimer la flamme Ă©teinte". Il ne fut jamais imprimĂ©, mais dix copies, d'aspect semblable Ă celui des manuscrits arabes traditionnels, attestent de sa circulation dans l'Empire ottoman. L'auteur, un converti Ă l'islam qu'on appelait Osman Efendi, y aborde la gĂ©omĂ©trie euclidienne, la gĂ©omĂ©trie d'arpentage, la dynamique galilĂ©enne et leurs applications aux sciences militaires. Il affiche son ambition de « faire revivre et renouveler » la gĂ©omĂ©trie, « science oubliĂ©e et dĂ©laissĂ©e », et rĂ©vĂšle in fine avoir pour cela traduit des livres allemands et français. AprĂšs un essai de reconstruction de la biographie d'Osman Efendi, nous montrerons que son ouvrage est en rĂ©alitĂ© une production Ă©laborĂ©e, dĂ©passant largement la simple dĂ©marche de traduction. Montage soigneux de diffĂ©rentes sources europĂ©ennes que nous identifierons, il incorpore aussi un grand nombre d'Ă©lĂ©ments directement empruntĂ©s au savoir islamique de la tradition vivante. Il est ainsi le tĂ©moin remarquable d'une tentative de constitution d'un savoir hybride euro-islamique. Abstract: We studied a scientific treatise in Arabic, completed in Belgrade in 1779. Its title is The Offering of the Convert to Rekindle the Extinguishe