Background of Individual Education Plans (IEPs) Policy in Some Countries: A Review

This paper seeks to provide a cogent outline of the current policies that six separate countries have on Individual Education Plans (IEPs), identifying the key features in each system. The chosen countries are Australia (Queen Island), Canada (British Columbia), New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and Saudi Arabia. The aim of the paper was to have greater insights of the globalisation of IEPs at public schools in these above countries. It looked into a set of factors closely associated with each other; such as, to enable the exploration of how IEP policy is implemented at public schools in the same countries. The findings from the literature review showed a number of gaps in the current frameworks. Therefore, this has led the researcher to work further on these frameworks for the purpose of this paper. Keywords: IEPs in Australia, IEPs in Canada, IEPs in New Zealand, IEPs in United Kingdom, IEPs in United States of America, and IEPs in Saudi Arabia

Modelling GATA2 haploinsufficiency driven immunodeficiency and myelodysplastic syndromes /acute myeloid leukaemia

HSCs are entirely responsible for the continuous replenishment of short-lived blood cells to preserve haematopoietic homeostasis. GATA2, a zinc-finger transcription factor, is highly expressed within HSPCs and operates different aspects of HSC functions in the embryonic and adult haematopoietic system. Since either low or high GATA2 expression is involved in leukaemogenesis, the balanced expression of GATA2 is therefore indispensable for retaining normal haematopoiesis. Acquired ASXL1 mutations are recurrently existent in MDS/AML patients harbouring inherited GATA2 mutations. While GATA2 haploinsufficiency causes BM failure disorders that can predispose to myeloid malignancies, little information is known about affected HSPC compartments and underlying molecular mechanisms in this context. With the intention to mimic inherited and acquired GATA2 haploinsufficiency disorders, conditional knockout mice models were employed to elucidate the impact of Gata2 haploinsufficiency on adult HSPCs and haematopoiesis. Analysis of young Gata2 haploinsufficient mice utilising a pan haematopoietic Vav-iCre approach revealed a reduction in HSCs, MPPs, MPP4 (LMPPs), early erythroid-progenitors (Pre-MegE/Pre-CFU-E), myeloid-progenitors (Pre-GM/GMP) and megakaryocyte-subpopulations (Pre-MegE/MkPs/megakaryocytes/platelets), but an increase in MPP2. The reduced HSC numbers were associated with increased cellular quiescence and apoptosis rates. The abundance of HSCs, MPPs, LMPPs and CLPs was decreased in aged Gata2+/fl;Vav-iCre+ mice although aged HSCs became more proliferative than young HSCs. Acute loss of Gata2 heterozygote applying the inducible Mx1-Cre model exhibited attenuation in HSCs frequency with an increase in the number of quiescent HSCs. Functionally, acute and chronic ablation of Gata2 haploinsufficiency resulted in a severe defect in long-term multi-lineage reconstitution and self-renewal capacities of adult HSCs post-transplantation. The DNA damage repair and proinflammatory signalling were the most affected biological pathways in Gata2 haploinsufficient HSCs. Cooperative haploinsufficient mice of Gata2 and Asxl1 (Gata2+/fl;Asxl1+/fl;Vav-iCre+) showed increased HSCs proliferation and decreased HSCs survival, which led to impaired long-term engraftment capability of HSCs and ultimately depleted HSCs pool during stress haematopoiesis. Together, Gata2 haploinsufficiency interrupts HSCs survival, proliferation, self-renewal, and maintenance. Thus, biallelic expression of Gata2 is essentially required for preserving adult HSPCs homeostasis

sIL-2R and sIL-2R/lymphocyte ratio as indicators of severity in COVID-19 pediatric patients

Objectives: To determine the role of sIL-2R and sIL-2R/lymphocyte ratio as indicators of COVID-19 severity and predictors of clinical progression among children and adolescents. Patients and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study enrolled 76 pediatric patients [40 (52.6%) males and 36 (47.4%) females] with confirmed COVID-19. Patients were classified into two groups; mild to moderate and severe to critical according to WHO classification of severity and were assessed using COVID‑19 severity assessment score and COVID-19 severity index. Soluble IL-2R (sIL-2R) concentrations were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and sIL-2R/lymphocyte ratio was calculated for each patient. Results: Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that sIL-2R has a significantly higher discriminative power between patients in both groups (AUC=0.955) as compared to sIL-2R/lymphocyte ratio (AUC=0.711) (p < /em> value<0.0001). At an associated criterion of >140 ng/l, the sensitivity and specificity of sIL-2R were 81.4.% and 100%, respectively.  Soluble IL-2R also showed better performance in predicting the need for supplemental oxygen [threshold>140 ng/l, AUC=0.904 (0.814 to 0.960)], ICU admission [threshold>140 ng/l, AUC=0. 935 (0.854 to 0.979)], and mechanical ventilation [threshold>180 ng/l, AUC=0. 892 (0.799 to 0.951)]. Conclusion:  Soluble IL-2R can play a potential role as a feasible indicator of COVID-19 severity in children and adolescents, thus informing healthcare providers to direct care to patients who may require intensive or critical care

MALARIA AND DEATH OF WOMEN OF CHILD- BEARING AGE IN KASSALA

A retrospective, community-based survey of reproductive age mortality in refugees, acute internally displaced people, slum dwellers and urban population in Kassala Province  Eastern Sudan. Slum dweller sector shows the highest reproductive age mortality rate 314/100,000 WRA, while urban sector shows the lowest rate 199/100,000 WRA. Maternal mortality rate is highest in IDP population and slum dwellers (168 & 126/100,000 WRA respectively) and lowest in urban population 47/100,000 WRA). Maternal mortality ratio is very high in slum dweller, IDP & refugee population (1,207, 1,192 and 914/100,000 live births respectively), and 367 per 100,000 live births in urban population. Malaria is the major cause of death in three sectors with exception of IDP where pregnancy related causes contribute to 70% of the deaths. This study shows the big toll of malaria on the health of females in child bearing age, the high discrepancy in reproductive age mortality and maternal mortality between different population sectors in the same location. It also discusses the causes of these deaths. &nbsp

Female Reproductive Age Mortality in in Kassala (Role of Malaria)

Objectives : To determine the mortality rates ,causes and contributing factors in women in reproductive age in Kassala Province. Setting: A refuge ,acute internally displaced people (IDP) camps, a town slums and an urban area, of total population of 214.100 in Kassala Province, East Sudan. Method: Community –based retrospective study ,using reproductive age mortality Survey (RAMOS) and verbal autopsy . Data was processed using SPSS for Windows Version11. Results: 121 deaths of female aged15-45 years, in four population sectors (refugees, IDP, slum dwellers & urban population) were identified. Slum dwellers show the highest reproductive age mortality rate 314/100,000women in reproductive age, while urban sector shows the lowest rate 199per 100,000WRA. Malaria is the major cause of death in three sectors with exception of IDP sector where pregnancy related causes contribute to 70% of death . Maternal mortality rate is highest in IDP population and slum dwellers(168&126 per100,000WRA)and lowest in urban population(47per 100,000WRA). Maternal mortality ratio is very high in slum dwellers, IDP and refugee population (1207,1192&914 per 100,000 live birth respectively),and 376 per100,000 live births in urban population. Malaria was found to be the major cause of indirect maternal deaths in all sectors. &nbsp

Quantum Double Dot as Quantum Computer Unit

In this work, we have investigated the exchange interaction of two electrons in double lateral quantum dot (which is the base of quantum gate) under effect of external magnetic field, electric field and inter dot distance between double dots. From similarity between double quantum dots and molecule, we have used molecular physics approaches (Hitler London and Hund Mullikan approximation method) to investigate our system. We also show the magnetization behavior as function of magnetic field

In vitro Antidiabetic, anti-obesity and antioxidant proprities of Rosemary extracts

Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem worldwide that has adverse and long-lasting consequences for individuals, families, and communities. Hence, this study sought to investigate the inhibitory potential of rosemary extracts on key-enzymes related to diabetes such as α-amylase and pancreatic lipase activities, as well as to assess their antioxidant properties in vitro. The IC50 values of Rosemary essential oil, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts against α-amylase were 28.36, 34.11 and 30.39 µg/mL respectively, and those against pancreatic lipase were 32.25, 36.64 and 34.07 µg/mL, suggesting strong anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of Rosemary. The methanolic extract was found to be the highest in levels of phenolic (282.98 µgGAE/mg extract) and flavonoids (161.05 µg QE /mg extract) contents as well as in the antioxidant activity (IC50 = 15.82 µg/mL) as compared to other extracts ethyl acetate (IC50 = 32.23 µg/mL) and essential oil  (IC50 = 96.12 µg/mL).Antioxidant efficacy of Rosemary extracts has been estimated in the stabilization of sunflower oil (SFO) at three different concentrations, i.e. 200 (SFO-200), 500 (SFO-500) and 1000 ppm (SFO-1000). Results showed the highest efficiency of SFO-1000.The results obtained in this study demonstrated for the first time that Rosemary is a potent source of natural inhibitors of α-amylase and pancreatic lipase with powerful antioxidants proprieties that might be used in the food stabilization and the prevention of diabetes and obesity complications as a complementary pharmacological drug

Ruminal and post-ruminal barley grain digestion and starch granule morphology under three heat methods

La editorial tiene los derechos de autor y le solicito a hacer visibles la fecha técnica del artículo.This study was designed to investigate the effect of three heating methods on the ruminal and post-ruminal nutrient degradability and starch granule morphology of barley grain (BG - Hordeum vulgare). Treatments were Control (CG): without processing; Roasted (RG): roasted BG for 300 s at 130°C; Microwaved (MG): irradiated BG for 120 s at 1200 W; and Steam flaked (SG): BG misted for 30 min under steam flow of boiling water and flaked. Gas production and in situ techniques were used to evaluate the ruminal degradability of treatments, and a modified three-step method was utilised to estimate the total-tract digestibility. Morphological changes of starch granules were determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Ruminal gas production and dry matter disappearance were increased (p < .05) in SG vs. CG. Heat processing had different effects on starch and crude protein degradability; however, starch degradability increased (p < .05) from CG to SG. Post-ruminal disappearance of dry matter in CG was greater (p < .05) than other treatments. These results validated by FESEM images that explained high barley grain degradability in relation to the number of holes on the surface of starch granules. Heat processing can enhance ruminal and post-ruminal utilisation efficiency of barley grain, resulting in improvement of total-tract digestibility

Mitochondrial D-loop sequences and haplotypes diversity in Egyptian rabbit breeds

[EN] Rabbit breeds in Egypt are local and adapted foreign breeds that have been imported since the middle of the last century. Stressful environmental conditions including climatic changes, exposure to diseases and breeding selection have an influence on how gene flow has shaped the genetic diversity of the breeds. Mitochondrial DNA D-loop is a genetic marker used to trace the geographic distribution of genetic variation for the investigation of expansions, migrations and other gene flow patterns. The study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop (mtDNA D-loop) in Black Baladi, Red Baladi, Gabali, APRI line and New Zealand breeds to gather the scientific data required to create a proper conservation and sustainable management plan. Blood samples were taken from animals unrelated to each other. A 332-bp of mtDNA D-loop was successfully amplified and alignment sequences were deposited in the GenBank database. The results detected six haplotypes in the five breeds. Haplotype diversity within individual breeds varied from 0 (Red Baladi) to 0.551±0.114 (Gabali). The nucleotide diversity (π) value was relatively low (0.001-0.006), with greater values in APRI and New Zealand. Pairwise distances between breeds yielded varying values ranging from 0 to 0.254, and the values between the Red Baladi and other breeds were comparatively high, with pairwise distances from 0.172 to 0.254. The phylogenetic analysis involved 74 nucleotide sequences of the Egyptian rabbit and thirty-one sequences retrieved from GenBank of the reference samples of different haplogroups. The results of the phylogenetic analysis correlated to the reference mtDNA GenBank database showed that the five Egyptian rabbit breeds were grouped into haplotypes A, B and K. The results of the genetic diversity using mtDNA shed light on the importance of the local breed s genetic diversity information and revealed unique mtDNA haplotypes, which is an important finding for breeding strategies designed to conserve genetic variants and provide sustainable management.Ahmed, SSE.; Ali, NI.; Abdelhafez, MA.; Darwish, HR.; El-Keredy, A. (2022). Mitochondrial D-loop sequences and haplotypes diversity in Egyptian rabbit breeds. World Rabbit Science. 30(3):201-207. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2022.1723520120730