Cannabinoid receptor 1 signaling in cardiovascular regulating nuclei in the brainstem: A review

Cannabinoids elicit complex hemodynamic responses in experimental animals that involve both peripheral and central sites. Centrally administered cannabinoids have been shown to predominantly cause pressor response. However, very little is known about the mechanism of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R)-centrally evoked pressor response. In this review, we provided an overview of the contemporary knowledge regarding the cannabinoids centrally elicited cardiovascular responses and the possible underlying signaling mechanisms. The current review focuses on the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) as the primary brainstem nucleus implicated in CB1R-evoked pressor response

Effect of Pollution and Ethylene-diurea on bean plants grown in KSA

The primary objectives of this investigation were to examine the interactive effects of three air quality treatments, ethylene-diurea (EDU) and two irrigation conditions on physiological characteristics of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) during its whole growth. These plants were grown in 15-open top chambers (OTC's). Ethylene-diurea (EDU) was used as a factor to evaluate O3 pollution impact on plant growth. The air quality treatments consisted of charcoal filtered (CF) air, nonfiltered (NF) air and ambient air (AA) were irrigated and non- irrigated. Leaf samples were collected from upper canopy positions six times (pre- EDU addition, week after four EDU's addition, at the time of harvesting). Maximal differences in leaf carbohydrate, N contents, pigments and total lipids were observed in response to moisture conditions in presence and absence of EDU applications. Significant reduction were noted for air quality treatments regarding carbohydrate and pigment fractions but not for all cases of leaf N and lipid contents under O3 effects only. Minimal differences were found for first EDU application while maximal ones were recorded of studied treatment at 200 mg l-1. The EDU treatments stimulated carbohydrate and pigment contents at the upper canopy position with higher levels for both NF and AA compared to untreated conditions. The NF and AA treatments caused lower total carbohydrate and pigment contents in the canopy position before harvesting of EDU applications. The stimulation in leaf carbohydrates by the EDU treatment, compared to the non-treated EDU of AA and NF treatments, provides a rational explanation for the counteracting effects of EDU against moderate exposures to O3 regarding grain yields in C3 plants. Keywords: Leaf contents, Moisture relations, EDU additions, pollution, Kidney bean

Effect of testosterone replacement or duration of castration on baroreflex bradycardia in conscious rats

BACKGROUND: In this study, we tested the hypothesis that 17β-estradiol contributes to testosterone-mediated restoration of baroreflex-mediated bradycardia in short-term (3 weeks) castrated rats. Further, a reported increase in serum testosterone after long-term (6 weeks) castration constituted a basis for testing the hypothesis that a spontaneous increase in serum testosterone or androstenedione in this model causes a commensurate increase in baroreflex-mediated bradycardia. RESULTS: Testosterone (1 week) replacement enhanced baroreflex-mediated bradycardia in short-term castrated rats without changing 17β-estradiol level. A spontaneous recovery of baroreflex-mediated bradycardia occurred following long-term castration, although circulating testosterone and androstenedione remained suppressed. CONCLUSION: The data suggest: 1) 17β-Estradiol does not contribute to testosterone restoration of the baroreflex-mediated bradycardia in short-term castrated rats. 2) The long-term modulation of baroreflex-mediated bradycardia occurs independent of androgens, or the baroreflex mechanism may become adapted to low levels of circulating androgens

Electrical performance study of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell using a current shunt and a micropotentiometer

In this paper, a new technique using a Current Shunt and a Micropotentiometer has been used to study the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell at outdoor conditions. The electrical performance is mainly described by measuring both cell short circuit current and open circuit voltage. The measurements of this cell by using multimeters suffer from some problems because the cell has high current intensity with low output voltage. So, the solar cell short circuit current values are obtained by measuring the voltage developed across a known resistance Current Shunt. Samples of the obtained current values are accurately calibrated by using a Micropotentiometer (μpot) thermal element (TE) to validate this new measuring technique. Moreover, the solar cell open circuit voltage has been measured. Besides, the cell output power has been calculated and can be correlated with the measured incident radiation

BIO-RESIDUAL STUDIES AND TREATING GUNNY SACKS WITH COUMARINS EXTRACT ON SEED PROTECTION AGAINST COWPEA BEETLE, CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (FAB.)

Cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), is the most important storage pest of cowpea. The quantification of cowpea losses through C. maculatus is very desirable. Coumarins possess controlling cowpea beetle. Both Ethanol and Chloroform extracts of Murraya, Kumquat and Celery plants were studied. Murraya ethanol extracts was more efficient than chloroform, as it induces higher percentage of reduction in the progeny, also protects cowpea seeds till 6 months when using the higher concentration (4%). Gunny sacks were treated with different extracts of the three of plants as an application method for protecting stored grain from infestation and ethanol extracts was a more effective than chloroform. The effect of the extracts on the weight loss of cowpea seeds was studied. The reduction percentage in weight increased from zero to 13% and 17.10% after nine months for both chloroform and ethanol kumquat extracts, respectively at the higher concentration used

BIO-RESIDUAL STUDIES AND TREATING GUNNY SACKS WITH COUMARINS EXTRACT ON SEED PROTECTION AGAINST COWPEA BEETLE, CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (FAB.)

Cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), is the most important storage pest of cowpea. The quantification of cowpea losses through C. maculatus is very desirable. Coumarins possess controlling cowpea beetle. Both Ethanol and Chloroform extracts of Murraya, Kumquat and Celery plants were studied. Murraya ethanol extracts was more efficient than chloroform, as it induces higher percentage of reduction in the progeny, also protects cowpea seeds till 6 months when using the higher concentration (4%). Gunny sacks were treated with different extracts of the three of plants as an application method for protecting stored grain from infestation and ethanol extracts was a more effective than chloroform. The effect of the extracts on the weight loss of cowpea seeds was studied. The reduction percentage in weight increased from zero to 13% and 17.10% after nine months for both chloroform and ethanol kumquat extracts, respectively at the higher concentration used

Study of the Optical Properties of Zno Nano-structure at Different Ti Content

Zinc oxide (ZnO) and TZO samples having different Ti content were synthesized from doping to composite by Citrate sol-gel method (dissolving and react with citric acid) characterized according to their optical properties. The UV - vis characterization exhibiting good optical properties. The results show there are one absorption edge at pure and low Ti doping but at higher Ti% another edge appeared and slightly shifted around 400 nm. The maximum absorption nearly at 350 nm, and the band gap energy of Ti-doped ZnO increase from 3.16 to 3.20 eV achieving a blue-shift. A red shift from 3.07 to 3.19 eV in the visible range which has a very important application, this improves the optical properties of ZnO and gives an indication how to tune its band gap (increase or decrease by doping or composition)