Simulation of Ammonia Production using HYSYS Software

Now-a-days, Because of cost and time consuming in the design of plants chemical engineer used simulators to simulate design and operation of chemical equipment and plant,  which spares a great deal of time and cash.Today, there are many number of the simulators are refreshed and utilized in the simulation of chemical equipment and plant such as ChemCad, ProII, UniSim……..etc. Among of these simulators, Aspen Hysys is the most utilized programming in all ventures because of aiding in two noteworthy fields (design & operation). Simulation of ammonia synthesis process is done on Aspen Hysys V8.8 with steady state mode making some assumptions and using hypothetical reactors ammonia. By fluctuating the distinctive parameters in this simulation environment, the impact of these parameters in the generation rate of the procedure are watched. Keywords: Ammonia, Simulation, Aspen Hysys DOI: 10.7176/CPER/62-03 Publication date: January 31st 202

A Multiple-Objective Environmental Rationalization and Optimization for Material Substitution in the Production of Stone-Washed Jeans- Garments

As the Textile Industry is the second largest industry in Egypt and as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) make up a great portion of this industry therein it is essential to apply the concept of Cleaner Production for the purpose of reducing pollution. In order to achieve this goal, a case study concerned with ecofriendly stone-washing of jeans-garments was investigated. A raw material-substitution option was adopted whereby the toxic potassium permanganate and sodium sulfide were replaced by the environmentally compatible hydrogen peroxide and glucose respectively where the concentrations of both replaced chemicals together with the operating time were optimized. In addition, a process-rationalization option involving four additional processes was investigated. By means of criteria such as product quality, effluent analysis, mass and heat balance; and cost analysis with the aid of a statistical model, a process optimization treatment revealed that the superior process optima were 50%, 0.15% and 50min for H2O2 concentration, glucose concentration and time, respectively. With these values the superior process ought to reduce the annual cost by about EGP 105 relative to the currently used conventional method

Measurement of non-linear optical coefficients of chalcogenide glasses near the fundamental absorption band edge

A time-resolved pump-probe method is used for the evaluation of non-linear optical coefficients of chalcogenide glasses from the As-S-Se and Ge-Se systems near their fundamental absorption band edges. The results are analyzed via comparison with the spectral dependencies of the non-linear optical coefficients of crystalline semiconductors; the role of electron transitions through the gap states of chalcogenide glasses is discussed

Integrating a reproductive health framework within primary care services: The experience of the Reproductive Health Intervention Study [Arabic]

This paper is part of the Policy Series in Reproductive Health, which shares research undertaken by the Reproductive Health Working Group (RHWG). It describes the Reproductive Health Intervention Study, which designed and tested a model of essential reproductive health (RH) services. RHWG was established in 1988 as part of a special program on the health of women and children within the context of the family and community initiated by the Population Council’s Regional Office for the West Asia and North Africa region. The paper identifies a framework of basic service components that address RH and shows that their delivery is possible at the primary level. It gives an overview of this experience, which illustrates how the RH approach can be translated into actual service delivery at the primary care level in a developing country setting. The paper outlines the framework that was developed and tested in three rural primary care clinics in Giza, Egypt; presents the main achievements as well as challenges; and discusses the most salient policy implications

Fabrication of planar optical components in chalcogenide glasses

Chalcogenide glasses have a wide transmission window which can extend from the far-visible to the mid-infrared (IR) range. They have very high optical nonlinearity compared to silica glasses, low phonon energies, photosensitive properties and can be doped with rare earth elements. Chalcogenide glasses have attracted the research for different optical applications such as optical imaging, integrated optics and all-optical switching. In this Project, chalcogenide glasses were Radio-Frequency (RF) sputtered to form two Bragg mirror structures both with a stop-bands in the telecommunications and near-infrared and each comprised of alternating layers of two chalcogenide glass pairs: AS4oSe601Ge17As!sSe65 and GelsAs1SSel7 Te53! Ge17As18Se65 (atomic %). Two alternative techniques: hot embossing and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) etching were used to fabricate rib waveguides in RF sputtered As40Se60 chalcogenide glass thin films on Gel7AslSSe6S chalcogenide glass substrates. Previous work on hot embossing of thermally evaporated thin films has produced rib waveguides with a reported optical loss down to 2.9 dB cm-1. In this work, hot embossing was used to fabricate successfully rib waveguides with optical loss < 0.78 dB cm•1 for the quasi-TE mode and < 0.81 dB cm-1 for the quasi-TM mode. ICP etching was also successfully used to fabricate rib waveguides in similar sputtered films with optical loss < 1.05 dB cm-l for the quasi-TE mode and < 1.12 dB cm-l for the quasi-TM mode. Measurements of optical properties such as linear absorption coefficient (a), linear refractive index (no), bandgap energy (Eg), nonlinear refractive index (n2) and nonlinear absorption coefficient (β2) were carried out on chalcogenide glass samples with compositions varied systematically within the ternary systems As-S-Se and As-Se-Te. These fundamental measurements are important in the further development of any chalcogenide based optical component.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Spiroplasma Citri et son insecte vecteur Circulifer Haematoceps (interactions protéine marqueur de la transmission)

Des expériences de Far-western ont permis de préciser les interactions moléculaires entre le mollicute phytopathogène Spiroplasma citri et son vecteur la cicadelle Circulifer haematoceps. Deux glycoprotéines d'insectes de 50 et 60 kDa présentent une affinité pour la spiraline, lipoprotéine majeure de la membrane de S. citri. La comparaison des cartes peptidiques 2D de différentes souches de S. citri montre qu'une protéine de 32kDa (P32) est présente uniquement chez les souches transmissibles. Cette protéine identifiée par MALDI-TOF est composée de 238 acides aminés et ne présente aucune homologie avec des protéines connues. Le gène p32, localisé sur un grand plasmide, est présent uniquement chez les souches transmissibles. Cette protéine marqueur de la transmission peut jouer un rôle dans l'adhésion du spiroplasme aux cellules d'insectes.Far-western experiments allowed to study the specific molecular interactions between the phytopathogenic mollicute, Spiroplasma citri and its vector the leafhopper, Circulifer haematoceps. Two insect glycoproteins of 50 and 60 kDa showed affinity for the spiralin, the most abundant S. citri membrane lipoprotéine. The comparison between the 2-D peptide maps of transmissible and non transmissible strains showed that, a 32 kDa protein (P32) is present only in transmissible strains. This protein identified by MALDI-TOF is composed of 238 amino acids and has no homology with known proteins. The p32 gene, carried by a large plasmid is present only in transmissible strains. This protein could play a role in the adhesion of S. citri to insect cells.BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocSudocFranceF