Carbon tetrachloride-induced liver disease in rats: the potential effect of supplement oils with vitamins E and C on the nutritional status

The aim of the present investigation was to study the effects of olive oil (OO), corn oil (CO), and flaxseed oil (FO), with or without supplementation of vitamins E and C, on food intake, body weight gain %, liver weight to body weight %, total lipids, liver functions, and liver histology in male rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)

Carbon tetrachloride-induced liver disease in rats: the potential effect of supplement oils with vitamins E and C on the nutritional status

The aim of the present investigation was to study the effects of olive oil (OO), corn oil (CO), and flaxseed oil (FO), with or without supplementation of vitamins E and C, on food intake, body weight gain %, liver weight to body weight %, total lipids, liver functions, and liver histology in male rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)

The Role of Vitamin D in the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Undergraduate Female Students in Saudi Arabia

Abstract: Background: Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency prevalent in all age groups across the world is common in obesity and may play an important role in the risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS). Objectives: This cross-sectional study is to evaluate the relationship between levels of adiponectin and circulating 25(OH)D, and its effect on metabolic biomarker among overweight/obese female students. Methods: Three hundred female students; with mean age 20.9 ± 3.2 years were attending the Aljouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia. They were randomly selected from university during the studying year 2015 – 2016. Anthropometric and biochemical indices were determined. Results: The study showed 19% of the female’s student were either overweight or obese (15% and 4%, respectively). The frequency of MS diagnosis among the students was 17%, with 13% and 4% had either three or four risk factors, respectively. Overweight/obese subjects had significantly worse anthropometric and biochemical characteristics, including waist/hip ratio, blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (BG), insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride levels (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (LDL-C), leptin, adiponectin, leptin/adiponectin ratio and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (HDL-C) compared to normal weight. Of the subjects diagnosed with MS, 59% had mild and 8.6% had severe 25(OH)D deficiency. There was negative association between 25(OH)D and both FBG and HOMA-IR among young women obese/overweight. Conclusion: In our study, it suggested that low level of adiponectin was strongly correlated with low 25(OH)D levels. Also, the prevalence of MS tends to increase with high occurrence rate of low circulating 25(OH)D levels that is, known cause poor glycemic control and prediction of cardiovascular outcomes

Antimicrobial Activities of some Synthesized Cyclo (Nα-dinicotinoyl) [L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine]Pentapeptide Candidates

71-76Some of cyclo (Nα-di-nicotinoyl)[L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine]pentapeptides3-6 has been synthesized starting from bis- (1-carboxy-2-substituted)-3,5-diaminocarbonyl)pyridine 3 and N,N-bis-(1-hydrazonyl-2-substituted)-3,5 diaminocarbonyl) pyridine 2. Treatment of 1 or 2 afforded the corresponding bis-ester derivative 3, which was hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxideto give bis-acid 4. Cyclization of bis-acid 4 with L-dibasic amino acid methyl esters, afforded the corresponding macrocyclic methyl esters 5a,b, respectively. Finally, hydrazonolysis of 5a,b with hydrazine hydrated in refluxing methanol afforded macrocyclic pentapeptide hydrazides 6a,b, respectively. Some of these compounds exhibited antimicrobial activities comparable with Chloramphenicol and Fusidic acid as reference drugs

Chemical studies of chromanone-thiadiazole, pyridazine and thiosulfin hybrid

3-Chlorochromanon derivatives 4a,b are reacted with hydrazine hydrate to afford 3-hydrazino-2-tetrahydro(pyran or thiopyran)chroman-4-ones 5a,b. Then compound 5a,b is reacted with carbon disulfide and acetylacetone to give 5'-thiolo - 2-tetrahydro(pyrane or thiopyran)- spiro[chroman-3,2'- [1,3,4]-thiadiazole]-4-one 6a,b and 3', 5'-dimethyl- 2-tetrahydro(pyran or thiopyran) spiro [chroman-3,2'- piprazine]-4-one 7a,b, respectively. α-Chlorosulfenyl chlorides 2a,b are treated with thioacetic acid to form α-chloroalkyl disulfides 8a,b, the latter compounds 8a,b were treated with morpholine to furnish a mixture of 1,3,4-oxadithiins 9a,b, 1,3,4,5,6-oxatetrathiocins 10a,b, 1,2,4-trithiolanes 11a,b (cis- and trans-), 1,2,4,5-tetrathiins (cis- and trans-) 12a,b. The formation of the new compounds are confirmed by spectral (IR, 1H NMR, and MS) analysis

Antimicrobial Activities of some Synthesized Cyclo (Nα-dinicotinoyl) [L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine] Pentapeptide Candidates

Some of cyclo (Nα-di-nicotinoyl)[L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine]pentapeptides3-6 has been synthesized starting from bis-(1-carboxy-2-substituted)-3,5-diaminocarbonyl)pyridine 3 and N,N-bis-(1-hydrazonyl-2-substituted)-3,5 diaminocarbonyl) pyridine 2. Treatment of 1 or 2 afforded the corresponding bis-ester derivative 3, which was hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxideto give bis-acid 4. Cyclization of bis-acid 4 with L-dibasic amino acid methyl esters, afforded the corresponding macrocyclic methyl esters 5a,b, respectively. Finally, hydrazonolysis of 5a,b with hydrazine hydrated in refluxing methanol afforded macrocyclic pentapeptide hydrazides 6a,b, respectively. Some of these compounds exhibited antimicrobial activities comparable with Chloramphenicol and Fusidic acid as reference drugs

Derivatization and biological activity studies of 3-chloro-3-chlorosulfenyl spiro tetrahydropyran/tetrahydrothiopyran-4,2'-chroman-4'-one

The adducts 4a,b-7a,b have been obtained either by reducing α-chloro-β-oxosulfenyl chlorides 2a,b with iodide ion in the presence of dienes namely, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoperene), 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorocyclopentadiene, or 1,3-cyclohexadiene, respectively; or by thermolysis of oxadithiin derivatives 3a,b in the presence of the same aforementioned dienes presumably via the formation of the same intermediate A in both cases of compounds 2a,b and 3a,b. It is observed that α-chloro-β-oxosulfenyl chlorides 2a,b undergo straight forward substitution with potassium cyanide to give 8a,b. Direct oxidation of 2a,b with H2O2/AcOH affords 3,3-dichloropyran-4-ones 9a,b, while conversion of 2a,b to the sulfonamides 10a,b followed by oxidation provides 3-chloropyranones 11a,b. Antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluation of compounds 4a,b-6a,b shows moderate activiy. MIC of the derivative 6b reveals a remarkable inhibition of the pathogenic gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ) as well as gram negative E coli.

Derivatization and biological activity studies of 3-chloro-3-chlorosulfenyl spiro tetrahydropyran/tetrahydrothiopyran-4,2'-chroman-4'-one

1502-1510The adducts 4a,b-7a,b have been obtained either by reducing α-chloro-β-oxosulfenyl chlorides 2a,b with iodide ion in the presence of dienes namely, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoperene), 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,2,3,4- tetrachlorocyclopentadiene, or 1,3-cyclohexadiene, respectively; or by thermolysis of oxadithiin derivatives 3a,b in the presence of the same aforementioned dienes presumably via the formation of the same intermediate A in both cases of compounds 2a,b and 3a,b. It is observed that α-chloro-β-oxosulfenyl chlorides 2a,b undergo straight forward substitution with potassium cyanide to give 8a,b. Direct oxidation of 2a,b with H2O2/AcOH affords 3,3-dichloropyran-4-ones 9a,b, while conversion of 2a,b to the sulfonamides 10a,b followed by oxidation provides 3-chloropyranones 11a,b. Antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluation of compounds 4a,b-6a,b shows moderate activiy. MIC of the derivative 6b reveals a remarkable inhibition of the pathogenic gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ) as well as gram negative E coli

Vegetable Consumption and Factors Associated with Increased Intake among College Students: A Scoping Review of the Last 10 Years

Vegetable consumption is a predictor for improved health outcomes, such as reduced obesity and likelihood of food-related noncommunicable diseases. Young adults are a key population, being in a transitional stage-of-life: Habits gained here are taken through the lifespan. This review establishes insight into the consumption of vegetables among young adults during their college/university years, and factors associated with increased consumption. Seventy-one papers were extracted, published between January 2009 and October 2018. Search terms related to consumption; vegetables; and college/university setting and sample. A diverse range of definitions, guidelines, and study approaches were observed. Findings identify that the majority of students do not consume World Health Organization recommendations. Being female was the most frequent predictor of higher intake of vegetables, and no consumption patterns were identified by countries. Living at family home; body mass index; happiness and stress level; perceived importance of healthy eating; socioeconomic level; breakfast consumption; stage of study; openness to new experiences; sleep pattern; nutrition knowledge; activity level; alcohol usage; and energy intake were identified as influential factors. Public policies and new strategies to encourage vegetable consumption among college students are indispensable, especially targeting subgroups with even lower intakes, such as males and those living outside family home