De novo stone formation in ureteric stump post-nephrectomy

Introduction: The leftover ureteric stump after a simple nephrectomy is rarely symptomatic. Here, we report a unique case of ureteric stump stones that likely developed de novo and patients became symptomatic. Case Report: We report the case of a 53-year-old female, who had benign right nephrectomy for a non-functioning kidney 17 years ago and presented with three years history of recurrent urinary tract infections and right-side abdominal pain. A continuous unenhanced computed tomography scan confirmed the presence of multiple de novo stones in the leftover ureteric stump, which was successfully treated by an open transperitoneal ureteric stumpectomy. She was asymptomatic at 12 months post-operative follow-up. We describe problems of leftover ureteric stumps and the possible pathophysiology of the stones formation in this group of patients. Conclusion: Albeit rare, various symptoms and complications can develop in the leftover stump, including stumpitis, urinary tract infections, and calculi. Therefore, discussion with patients of ureteric stump complications is recommended

Nomadic husbandry practices and meat quality of El-Kababish camel herds (Camelus dromedarius

The present work aimed to study nomadic husbandry practices and the effect of season, aging and sex on meat quality of El-Kababish camels (Camelus dromedarius) under optimised feeding conditions. The results of husbandry practices indicated that illiteracy among camel owners was 48.6% and among shepherd was 56%. Average herd size was 85.1 heads and breeding females represented 74.2% while breeding males amounted to 25.2%. The study revealed that sheep and goats were also raised beside camels. Castration of male camels was practiced for fattening purposes by 40% of the farmers. The majority of the herders practiced seasonal migration to the northern and southern parts of north Kordofan state. The study indicated the presence of twelve major camel diseases, and local medicine was extensively practiced in combating diseases. Most of the farmers (75.4%) indicated the use of the money returns from selling of camels for other activities rather than adding new animals to their herds. Effect of season on contractile and metabolic properties of Longissimus thoracis muscle was carried out on thirty fattened camels. The results revealed that season significantly influenced muscle chemical composition, ultimate pH (pHu) and color (P<0.01). Activity of metabolic enzymes in the muscle tissue was higher during autumn season compared to summer and winter. The glycolytic metabolism activity of phosphofructokinase was Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. XIII + 64% and oxidative isocitrate dehydrogenase was +145% in autumn and summer. Quantification of muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms indicated high proportion of type I in winter and type II in autumn (P<0.001). The study revealed that aging of camel longissimus thoracis muscle significantly influenced its chemical composition except ash (P<0.001). Dry matter and weep loss increased significantly while moisture and protein contents decreased. No differences were found in muscle pH, color and WHC while fat peroxidation showed insignificant increase and high levels of vitamin E were found during aging (16.4, 24.5, 12.8 and 18.4 μg/ g muscle). Sex revealed no significant differences in total intramuscular fat, insoluble OH proline as well as total OH proline content. Amino acid content was lower in males than in females (1460 vs. 1604 mg/ 100 g muscle, P<0.05). No significant differences were observed between sexes for total saturated, monounsaturated and poly unsaturated fatty acids. The ratio of PUFA/SFA and of n-6/n-3 of camel meat fatty acids was compatible with the recommended value for human nutrition (0.45 and 4.0). All together, these results confirm the high nutritive value of camel meat compared to meat from other ruminant

HER2 Over Expression in Malignant Palpable Breast Lumps of Pre and Postmenopausal Women Attending RICK.

Back ground: Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER-2/neu) over expression in breast cancer is associated with poor outcome and decrease disease free survival (DFS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the over expression of HER2/neu among premenopausal and postmenopausalfemales presented with malignant palpable breast lumps to Radio Isotope Center Khartoum (RICK).Methods: The study was a case-control conducted among patients attending Radiation Isotopes Centre Khartoum (RICK). A total of 328 women were randomly selected. Data were collected by a pre coded, pre tested questionnaire. Tissue biopsies of breast lumps had been analyzed using immunohistochemical techniques for HERR-2/neu over expression and its relation to other prognostic factors was evaluated.Results: HER-2/neu + vein first pregnancy at . 23 years, were 32 (41%) in the cases, 6 (35%) in the controls of premenopausal women, and 21(44%) in the cases, 5 (38%) in the controls of postmenopausal women. HER-2/neu + veexpression in relation to age at menarche . 12 years was39 (51%) in the cases, 7(39%) in the controls of premenopausal women, and 36 (56%) in the cases, 7 (45%) in the controls of postmenopausal women. HER-2/neu+ vein relation to Body Mass Index > 29 kg/m2 showed 7 (37%) in the cases, 2 (33%) in the controls of premenopausal women(x2=0.024), and 8(38%) in the cases, 2(40%) in the controls of postmenopausal women (x2=0.006). HER-2/neu+ veexpression in relation to history of abortion or miscarriage (ever) was found to be 21 (39%) in the cases, 4 (33%) in the controls of premenopausal women, and 18 (44%) in the cases, 3 (33%) in the controls among postmenopausal women. HER-2/neu+ veexpression in relation to the history of breast cancer in a first degree relatives was 3 (25%) in the cases, 1(50%) in thecontrols of premenopausal women, and 4 (22%) in the cases, 2 (28%) in the controls of postmenopausal women. HER-2/neu+ veexpression in relation to the use of oral contraceptives was 3 (37%) in the cases, 1(50%) in the controls among premenopausal women, and 3 (27%) in thecases, 1 (50%) in the controls of postmenopausal women.Conclusion: The study confirmed an etiological association between HER2/neu+ve and HER2/neu . ve and age at first pregnancy . 23 years, age of menarche at . 12 years, abortion or miscarriage in premenopausal and postmenopausal Sudanese women, while an etiological association was confirmed between HER2/neu+ve and HER2/neu .ve, and BMI in premenopausal women, and the family history of cancer in pos menopausal women.Keywords: Human Epidermal, Growth factor, Recepto

Regulation of Trace Elements by Vitamin A in Paracetamol-induced Liver Toxicity in Rats

Abstract: This study was aiming to determine the effect of the Vitamin A on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Fifteen rats were randomly divided into five groups; (three rats each) control group, paracetamol (1000 mg/kg body weight) was used to induce hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Vitamin A (Retinyl palmtate) administered at the dose levels of 100, 500 and1000 IU/kg body weights orally for 7 days prior to paracetamol dose. Hepatic toxicity was observed in paracetamol group; aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) level was high as compared with control group (p = 0.003). The significant hepatoprotective effect of Vitamin A was observed at doses 500 and 1000 IU/kg body weight, as there was significant reduction of serum AST when compared to paracetamol group (p = 0.01 and 0.003 respectivly), where 100 IU/Kg vitamin A not significantly decrease AST. Liver trace element determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Rb) in paracetamol-treated group were found to be higher than that of the control group, although the only significant increase was observed with Cu. Br shows slight decrease compared to the control group. There were no significant differences between Vitamin A groups (100 mg/kg 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg) and PCM-treated group in the liver tissue content of Ca, K, Zn, Cu, Rb and Br where Fe concentrations were significantly decrease at doses 500 and 1000IU/l (P value 0.05 and 0.045 respectively). Vitamin A shows protective effect by regulating liver tissue Fe. We recommend to perform further investigation on the mechanisms of Vitamin A hepatoprotective mechanisms of action

Human Epidermal Growth Factor-2 Receptor [HER2] Status in Patients Aged 70 years or more with Operable Early Breast Cancer — Multicentre Based Study with Review of 150 Cases

Background: Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in females but often has more favourabletumour biology in the older age group. More than 30% of those diagnosed with breast cancer worldwide areaged ≥ 65. Some report this percentage to be even higher, reaching up to more than 50% in developedcountries that have a longer overall life expectancy. Within this group, hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER-2) negative are the most favourable tumour biological patterns. In contrast, the triple-negative breast cancer group has the worst prognosis. Invasive breast cancers in younger age groups have a more poorly differentiated histological grade, more hormone receptor-negative status, a remarkable extent of lympho-vascular invasion and a greater expression/amplification of HER-2 than older age groups. HER-2 receptor is amplified and over-expressed in about 20–30% of invasivebreast cancers within all age groups. To analyse the status of HER-2 receptors early invasive breast cancer in relation to the histological subtype in the older age group.Methods: The study group includes 150 patients with early breast cancer . The patho-morphological data and immune-histochemistry results of invasive cancer have been analysed, this included histology subtype,grade, oestrogen/progesterone receptor status as well as HER-2 expression.Results: HER-2 expression was only seen in 17% of cases, it was seen mainly in Grade 3 cancers (9%), followed by Grade 2 (6%), with Grade 1 cancer accounting for only 1% of the study group.Conclusions: Patients with breast cancer aged ≥ 70 are seen to have less aggressive biology and expressionof HER-2 receptors

Gynecological Malignancies Managed in The Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Wadmedani-Sudan During 1999-2005

Introduction: Gynecological malignancies (GMs) are one of the most prevalent cancers in Africa. Objective of this work is to review data of patients with GMs treated in Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Biology and Oncology (INMO)-University of Gezira -Wadmedani- Sudan, and reflect on characteristics of GMs in Central Sudan. Material and Methods: A retrospective hospital-based descriptive study was conducted to review GMs patients records treated in INMO from year 1999-2005. Analysis included age, residence, stage, topography and morphology of the cancer. Results: During study period GMs constituted about 20.5 percent of all women malignancies and it is the second commonest female cancer preceded by breast (36.7%). Most of the patients were housewives from rural areas of Gezira and nearby States.&nbsp; The sites were ovary, 41%, cervix, 34%, uterus, 13.8%, uterine choriocarcinoma, 7.9%, vulva cancer, 2.9% and no single case of vaginal carcinoma was reported. The mean age of all patients was 52.45 years, Median age for ovarian cancer was, 50, cervix 55, uterus 55, Choriocarcinoma of the uterus 35 and vulva 60 years of age. Almost all varieties of histopathological types were seen. Fifty eight percent of patients presented with stage III &amp; IV. Conclusions: GMs are common and present in late stages. The commonest GMs was ovarian cancer which affect relatively young patients. Cervix was the second common site and affect relatively older age group. Vulvar cancer was relatively rare and vaginal cancer was not seen. For the improvement of the outcome early detection, management guidelines and financial support are highly recommended

Assessment of Infertility Factors and Their Relative Impact in Pregnancy using Ultrasonography & Hormonal Checkup

Infertility as a social and psychological problem among middle east natives. Among them, Transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) and hormonal tests have been selected to evaluate infertility in this study. The objective was to assess the infertility factors and their relative impact in pregnancy and to deduce the equation to predict infertility. Methods: a retrospective data (morphometric pathologies of uterus and ovaries using TVU and laboratory hormones (FSH, LH)) have been collected from clinics for 180 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in Sudan.  The data analyzed by SPSS. The results showed that there were 120 (66.7%) infertile and 60 (33.3%) fertile ladies based on the marriage date. The common ovarian causes of infertility were the polycystic ovary (PCOs) 23.3%, simple cyst 6.1%, hemorrhagic cyst, 4.4%, and uterus causes: 6.7% intramural fibroma, 6.1% retroverted uterus, 2.8% submural fibroma, 2.2 polyps. The general accuracy of Stepwise Linear Discriminant Analysis (SLDA) was 78.9%, for infertile was 70.8% and for fertile 95%. Larger ovarian width indicates significance (p smaller than 0.05) infertility and FSH level low among infertile ladies, but LH is less dependent on discriminatio

Primary School Teachers’ Perspectives on ADHD in Alkadrow, Khartoum, Sudan

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition, commonly manifests during early childhood and has the potential to adversely affect an individual’s social, academic, and occupational performance in multiple settings. Students with ADHD may struggle with attention, focus, listening, and completing schoolwork. Additionally, they may exhibit restless or disruptive behavior in class and may have learning disabilities that affect their academic performance. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of primary school teachers on ADHD in Alkadrow, Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Alkadrow-Bahri locality, Sudan, over a period of three to six months in 2022. The study population included primary school teachers who had taught for at least one year and encountered at least one student with ADHD. A convenience sampling technique was used to select a minimum of 59 participants, and data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire with closed-ended questions. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data, including descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis. Results: The study had 59 participants, with the majority being female and in the age group of 41–45 years. The participants were mostly married and had obtained psychology courses, with a bachelor’s degree being the most common level of education. Many participants had over 20 years of teaching experience. Regarding the attitude toward attention deficit hyperactivity, most participants strongly agreed that they did have a negative/positive attitude toward it, and a majority agreed or were neutral toward ADHD. However, in the case of attention deficit hyperactivity, a significant percentage of participants disagreed or strongly disagreed with the statement. Conclusion: The study found that most participants had a negative attitude toward student referrals for medical care and believed that most symptoms of ADHD can be lowered by aging. Additionally, more than half strongly disagreed that punishment has a positive effect on ADHD