Disc brake squeal occurrences under dry and wet brake pad conditions

This paper investigates the effect of water absorption in the brake pad on squeal noise occurrences. A series of brake noise tests is performed at different hydraulic pressure and rotating speed conditions using the laboratory brake test rig, Four brake pad conditions are examined and tested, namely dry, low water absorption, medium water absorption and high water absorption, The test results show that the dry brake pad produces fewer numbers of squeal occurrence compared to the other three wet pad conditions, These three wet pads are also generating high sound pressure level, i.e. 100 dBA and above. than that recorded by the dry pad

Reduction of disc brake squeal noise through brake pad modification

One of the common noise issues in automotive industry is disc brake squeal. Many researchers conduct deep studies to reducing and eliminating disc brake squeal in the past decades. This paper proposes 4modification on the Malaysian national car brake pads to suppress squeal noise. The original and modified brake pads were subjected to dynamometer tests in accordance with SAE J2521 test procedure.It is noticed that the pad geometry modification reduced the brake noise intensity by 6 % with the first modification, 12 % with the second modification, 19 % with the third modification, and 22 % with the fourth modification. Additional modification is done by adding shims at the back of the brake pads and show the greatest squeal noise reduction. It is found also through the experiment that the disc brake squeal is significantly affected by brake pads structural geometry

Comparative between optimization feature selection by using classifiers algorithms on spam email

Spam mail has become a rising phenomenon in a world that has recently witnessed high growth in the volume of emails. This indicates the need to develop an effective spam filter. At the present time, Classification algorithms for text mining are used for the classification of emails. This paper provides a description and evaluation of the effectiveness of three popular classifiers using optimization feature selections, such as Genetic algorithm, Harmony search, practical swarm optimization, and simulating annealing. The research focuses on a comparison of the effect of classifiers using K-nearest Neighbor (KNN), Naïve Bayesian (NB), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) on spam classifiers (without using feature selection) also enhances the reliability of feature selection by proposing optimization feature selection to reduce number of features that are not important

Reduction of motorcycle's drum brake squeal noise using constrained layer damping (CLD)

Brake noise, particularly squeal is the most annoying and disturbing sound to the people, With a large number of motorcycles used in Malaysia, the level of squeal noise can be very high, especially during busy or heavy traffics due to high numbers of braking applications, Thus, this paper aims to reduce potential squeal noises generated by a rear drum brake assembly of motorcycles using constrained layer damping (CLD), A three dimensional finite element (FE) model of the drum brake assembly that consists of a drum and two brake shoes is developed and analysed, Complex eigenvalue analysis (CEA) is employed to determine stability of the drum brake assembly, where positive real parts of the eigenvalues indicate an unstable modes and its associated imaginary parts indicate an unstable (squeal) frequencies. In order to reduce squeal noise, four constrained layer damping (CLD) models have been proposed and assessed, The complex eigenvalue results show that the CLD2 and CLD4 models can fully eliminate unstable mode at a frequency of6120 Hz, while in frequency of 2051Hz the positive real part has been reduced from +222 to + 199 for CLD2 and + 182 for CLD4, The CEA results indicate that proper CLD designs can be used to reduce drum brake squeal noise in the motorcycles

Structural and contact analysis of disc brake assembly during single stop braking event

The aim of this paper is to examine stress concentration, structural deformation and contact pressure of brake disc and pads during single braking stop event by employing commercial finite element software, ANSYS. The paper also highlights the effects of using a fixed caliper, different friction coefficients and different speeds of the disc on the stress concentration, structural deformation and contact pressure of brake disc and pads, respectively. Results from the investigation could provide a better explanation of the variation in contact pressure distribution and in turn squeal generation. Thus, this study provides effective reference for design and engineering application of brake disc and brake pad

Personification in marketing communication: case study of Malaysian brands / Azahar Harun...[et.al]

This paper assesses the anthropomorphic forms depicted in four established Malaysian brands. They are Julie’s, Habib, Karangkraf and Happy Prepaid. In order to measure its effectiveness in brand design, a Visual Content Analysis approach is employed. This qualitative method which involves multiple case studies of selected brand design, analyzes the visual components of the selected brand design and extracting its underlying meaning. The findings show that each of the brand design contains variety of anthropomorphic forms which are unique and discernible. For the purpose of reference, we categorize each of the anthropomorphic forms as Literal, Partial, Abstract and Typographic. Literal means that the brand design exhibits almost accurate human character. Partial means that the brand shows certain part of human form like hands, head, eye, silhouette, etc. Abstract suggests that the brand exhibits conceptual human form. Typographic means that the brand design contains typefaces that display gesture or facial expression. Despite being distinctive, we also discover that the samples suggest meaningful expression, which can establish relationship with the consumers. We conclude that the anthropomorphic forms (Literal, Partial, Abstract and Typographic) found in the selected Malaysian brand design are not only meant for decorative reason but possess communicative value which is relevant in marketing and promotion

Modeling and simulation of acting force on a flexible automotive wiper

A vehicle wiper system has a potential to generate noise and vibration during its operation. These unwanted dynamics provide poor visibility to drivers and passengers especially during raining condition. It can also bring annoy to them while the wiper continuously sweeping the windscreen. This paper focuses on the development of a simulation model for a wiper system based on the mathematical expression using the Newtonian method. The model is compared with the previous model based on a numerical method to verify the developed analytical approach. A parametric analysis is then conducted to examine behavior of the dynamic system when the parameters are varying. Two acting forces of different speed levels to run the wiper blade are applied to the model and the levels of noise and vibration for the model are compared both in time and frequency domain

Sistem pengurusan bersepadu: satu pengenalan

The implementation of management systems such as ISO 9001:2000, ISO 14001:1996 and OHSAS 18001:1999 is a requirement for any organization in order to ensure business sustainability. This is because organizations will enjoy numerous benefits that the systems could offer such as cost reduction, improved corporate image and to stay competitive. Besides these advantages, however, there are several drawbacks if the systems are implemented separately. Among these drawbacks include redundant work, cost incurred, time consuming and additional workload due to the redundancy in the requirements of the three systems. Therefore, organizations have to find alternatives to deal with these situations. The emergence of the Integrated Management System (IMS) is seen to be the best solution for the organizations. This is due to IMS itself has its own advantage mainly by the elimination of the redundancy in the requirements of the system. This paper reveals the problems encountered when the systems are implemented separately, and how IMS could offer solutions to the organization

Assessment of mercury level in commonly consumed marine fishes in Malaysia

Twelve species of common marine fish consumed by Malaysians were collected from local wholesale market in Malaysia; the mercury concentrations in muscle and liver samples were determined by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mercury concentration in the samples, expressed in μg g−1 dry weight. It was 0.45 for short-bodied mackerel, 0.04 for scad, 0.04 for narrow-bodied Spanish mackerel, 0.13 for black pomfret, 0.50 for long tail tuna, 0.03 for greasy grouper, 0.09 for chacunda gizzard shad, 0.06 for yellow-banded scad, 0.05 for eastern little tuna, 0.09 for delagoa treadfish bream, 0.10 for giant perch and 0.00 for sardine’s muscle tissue. Among the fishes analyzed, long tail tuna had the highest level followed by short-bodied mackerel. Significantly lower levels (P < 0.05) of mercury were found in liver tissues. Total mercury concentration in liver tissues were as follow; 0.03 for short-bodied mackerel, 0.02 for scad, 0.05 for narrow-bodied Spanish mackerel, 0.10 for black pomfret, 0.49 for long tail tuna, 0.03 for greasy grouper, 0.03 for chacunda gizzard shad, 0.04 for yellow-banded scad, 0.02 for eastern little tuna, 0.09 for delagoa treadfish bream, 0.01 for giant perch and 0.01 for sardine. This study indicates that commonly consumed fish from Malaysia have concentrations of mercury below the permissible levels stated in the US FDA guidelines

Asas Keusahawanan (ETR 300) : Arnafa Circuit Enterprise)/ Nazrul Zambri Md. Yusof... [et al.]

Arnafa Circuit Enterprise menyediakan perkhidmatan penyewaan sukan Go-Kart beralamat di Lot 10, Kawasan Perumahan Mergong Fasa 3, 05150 Alor Setar, Kedah. Mereka menyediakan perkhidmatan seperti penyewaan Go-Kart untuk aktiviti sukan lumba kereta bermotor dengan bayaran yang berpatutan, penyewaan Go-Kart untuk kelab-kelab tertentu sebagai menyambut hari ulangtahun syarikat mereka. Pasaran permagaan ini tertumpu kepada anak tempatan dari seluruh utara amnya yang berumur dalam lingkungan 15 - 45 tahun serta pelancong asing yang datang melawat negeri Kedah Darul Aman. Ia juga berdasarkan keadaan ekonomi semasa negara