Review on the effect of ceramic reinforcements with different weight percentage and process parameters on the mechanical properties of aluminium metal matrix composite

In current modern engineering applications, aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMC) have been gaining more popularity in automobiles and aerospace industry due to their unique material properties offered such as low density and high strength to weight ratio. Fabrication of AMMCs can be achieved by embedding the reinforcement into metal matrix. Hybrid-AMMCs are getting more attention as they reinforced by a combination of two or more different type particulates in order to achieve the combined advantages of both of them. It was reported in many works that the hybrid composites of exhibited better properties than those reinforced only with single particulate (Awasthi et al., 2018; Mahmoud et al., 2010)

CFD Simulation of Air-Piloted Downdraft Gasification Process: A Comparative Study Between Coal and Palm Kernel Shell as Feedstock

A fixed bed downdraft gasifier model based on computational fluid dynamic (CFD) framework was developed to investigate the influence of feedstock (palm kernel shell [PKS] and coal) on the quality of syngas produced via the gasification process. Euler–Euler approach was utilized in this study to describe the gas and solid phases. Realizable k-ε turbulence model was used to evaluate the constitutive properties of the dispersed phase and the gas phase behavior. This simulation model was validated by comparing the syngas composition of gasification simulation of coal with previous research, which yielded the overall accuracy result of 83.2%. This study also highlighted that PKS gasification produced 53.74% and 90.51% higher composition of H2 and CO respectively as compared to coal gasification. Whereas coal gasification produced 81.35%, 71.31% and 52.29% higher composition of CH4, H2O and CO2 respectively as compared to PKS gasification. Hence, PKS produced 66.2% higher combustible gas of H2 and CO than coal. PKS is thus considered as a potential renewable feedstock for gasification process as an alternative to the non-renewable coal. In addition, PKS gasification produced 52.29% lesser composition of CO2 as compared to coal gasification

CFD Simulation of Air-Piloted Downdraft Gasification Process: A Comparative Study Between Coal and Palm Kernel Shell as Feedstock

A fixed bed downdraft gasifier model based on computational fluid dynamic (CFD) framework was developed to investigate the influence of feedstock (palm kernel shell [PKS] and coal) on the quality of syngas produced via the gasification process. Euler–Euler approach was utilized in this study to describe the gas and solid phases. Realizable k-ε turbulence model was used to evaluate the constitutive properties of the dispersed phase and the gas phase behavior. This simulation model was validated by comparing the syngas composition of gasification simulation of coal with previous research, which yielded the overall accuracy result of 83.2%. This study also highlighted that PKS gasification produced 53.74% and 90.51% higher composition of H2 and CO respectively as compared to coal gasification. Whereas coal gasification produced 81.35%, 71.31% and 52.29% higher composition of CH4, H2O and CO2 respectively as compared to PKS gasification. Hence, PKS produced 66.2% higher combustible gas of H2 and CO than coal. PKS is thus considered as a potential renewable feedstock for gasification process as an alternative to the non-renewable coal. In addition, PKS gasification produced 52.29% lesser composition of CO2 as compared to coal gasification

Rapid prototyping 3D model for PIV: Application in human trachea model flow analysis

Experimental works for analysing flow behaviour inside human trachea has become continuous problem as the model used to study cannot imitate the real geometry of human trachea structure. As the technology develop, Rapid Prototyping (RP) become more useful in constructing the 3D model that has complexity in their geometries. RP not only offer several technologies in developing the 3D model, but also varies type of materials that can be used to manufacture the 3D model. In this study, RP technique was chosen to develop the 3D model of human trachea to do the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experimental works. Material used was Vero Clear due to PIV need a model that transparent so that visualization on flow inside the model can be seen and the velocity magnitude can be capture. The geometry was adapted from 60 years old trachea patient where the images of trachea was taken by using CT-scan. MIMICS software was used to extracted the images before reconstruct the trachea into 3D model. Velocity distribution was visualized and the magnitude were taken at both left and right bronchi. From the analysis, it concluded that the distribution of airflow to the second generation of trachea was 60:40 to right and left bronchi. It follows the rules as the right bronchi need to supply more air to the right lung compared to left as the volume of right lung bigger that left lung

Rapid Prototyping 30 Model for PIV: Application in Human Trachea Model Flow Analysis

Experimental works for analysing flow behaviour inside human trachea has become continuous problem as the model used to study cannot imitate the real geometry of human trachea structure. As the technology develop, Rapid Prototyping (RP) become more useful in constructing the 3D model that has complexity in their geometries. RP not only offer several technologies in developing the 3D model, but also varies type of materials that can be used to manufacture the 3D model. In this study, RP technique was chosen to develop the 3D model of human trachea to do the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experimental works. Material used was Vero Clear due to PIV need a model that transparent so that visualization on flow inside the model can be seen and the velocity magnitude can be capture. The geometry was adapted from 60 years old trachea patient where the images of trachea was taken by using CT-scan. MIMICS software was used to extracted the images before reconstruct the trachea into 3D model. Velocity distribution was visualized and the magnitude were taken at both left and right bronchi. From the analysis, it concluded that the distribution of airflow to the second generation of trachea was 60:40 to right and left bronchi. It follows the rules as the right bronchi need to supply more air to the right lung compared to left as the volume of right lung bigger that left lung

CFD Simulation Analysis of Non-Premixed Combustion using a Novel AxialRadial Combined Swirler for Emission Reduction Enhancement

Combustion industries for many decades dealing with the issues in reducing the emissions without affecting the performance of combustion. The present study aims to investigate the performance of swirler mechanism which combining between both axial and radial types to reduce emissions and increase the mixing process via the nonpremixed method. Each of axial and radial swirler consisted with 8 blades vane. Swirl angle for radial swirler is 35° and inclination angle for axial swirler is 15°. The swirler is designed using Solidworks software package and CFD analysis was then performed using ANSYS Fluent software package. The fuel used is liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) gas which contained 30% propane and 70% butane. The turbulence model standard kepsilon was used in this study. The result found that the combined swirler was capable to reduce CO emission as the complete reaction into CO2 component was higher. This is due to the broader region of temperature and higher velocity magnitude produced by the combined swirler. However, the maximum temperature result for axial swirler was higher than the combined swirler. As a recommendation, the inclination blade angle in the axial swirler of the combined swirler should be increased to increase the temperature value

Coconut pith as partially replacement in sand brick

Recently, the demand for the brick production has been increase because of the increasing development of construction project in Malaysia. Brick can be categorized in few type such as clay brick, sand brick, sand lime brick and concrete brick. Sand brick is commonly used in low and high medium cost housing development and other commercial construction in Malaysia. In order to increase the quality value of brick and to set forth in produce the sustainable product, many effort and alternatives has been conducted which is to reuse the waste material in brick production. The coconut pith used in production of sand brick as a partially replacement material to reduce the usage of sand in order to determine the characteristic of coconut pith in sand brick. In the production of sand brick, the percentage of coconut pith that were used in this study is 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% and the mix for the mixture of brick is according to ratio standard which is 1:6. Then, the size of sample is 215mm × 102.5mm × 65mm and testing were conducted for production of sand brick are compressive strength, water absorption and density test according to standard MS 76:1972. Through this studies 0.5% of coconut pith is the suitable percentage in sand brick with the compression strength value is 7.63 N/mm², 16.76% of water absorption and 1971.27 kg/mm³ as density value when compare the Malaysian standard and Blacktop Industries. The usage on coconut pith can be used as an alternative in order to reduce the pollution environment and reduce the waste material

Coconut pith as partially replacement in sand brick

Recently, the demand for the brick production has been increase because of the increasing development of construction project in Malaysia. Brick can be categorized in few type such as clay brick, sand brick, sand lime brick and concrete brick. Sand brick is commonly used in low and high medium cost housing development and other commercial construction in Malaysia. In order to increase the quality value of brick and to set forth in produce the sustainable product, many effort and alternatives has been conducted which is to reuse the waste material in brick production. The coconut pith used in production of sand brick as a partially replacement material to reduce the usage of sand in order to determine the characteristic of coconut pith in sand brick. In the production of sand brick, the percentage of coconut pith that were used in this study is 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% and the mix for the mixture of brick is according to ratio standard which is 1:6. Then, the size of sample is 215mm × 102.5mm × 65mm and testing were conducted for production of sand brick are compressive strength, water absorption and density test according to standard MS 76:1972. Through this studies 0.5% of coconut pith is the suitable percentage in sand brick with the compression strength value is 7.63 N/mm², 16.76% of water absorption and 1971.27 kg/mm³ as density value when compare the Malaysian standard and Blacktop Industries. The usage on coconut pith can be used as an alternative in order to reduce the pollution environment and reduce the waste material