Incidence of cervical stump metastasis after subtotal hysterectomy done to cases proved later by histopathology to be endometrial cancer in Al Shatby university maternity hospital patients

Background: Subtotal hysterectomy is associated with lesser complication, lesser time consuming than total one, but total hysterectomy has advantage of radicality of its management in cases of accidentally undiagnosed endometrial cancer proved later on by histopathology, that why hysterectomy should be total even in apparently benign causes that indicate it. The aim of this study was to access incidence of cervical stump invasion by malignancy in endometrial cancer cases and its relation to pathological types after subtotal hysterectomy done to cases proved later by histopathology to be endometrial cancer.Methods: Following approval by our institutional ethics committee a prospective and retrospective observational descriptive study was done on 100 patients recruited from gyne-oncological outpatient clinic of Shatby university hospital of Alexandria from August 2018 to June 2021 with past history of subtotal hysterectomy. All these cases were proved later after histopathological examination of the uterine body to have type 1 or type 2 endometrial cancer. Stumpectomy was done to all patients after a written informed consent were taken from them before the study. Histopathological examinations of the cervical stumps were done and incidence of stump invasion with cancer in relation to its type was analyzed.Results: Histopathological examination of the stump of all cases revealed that only 13 cases showed microscopic stump invasion. 7 cases with stump invasion were type 1 endometrial cancer, 4 cases were grade 1 and 3 cases were grade 2 in relation to 6 cases of stump invasion were type 2 endometrial cancer with papillary serous adenocarcinoma. Regarding relation between stump invasion and pathological types of endometrial cancer there was a significant statistical difference between them as type 2 are associated by higher number of stump invasion (p=0.0001).Conclusions: The present study concluded that cases subjected to subtotal hysterectomy with undiagnosed endometrial cancer are associated with considerable incidence of cervical stump invasion and type 2 endometrial cancer have higher incidence of cervical stump invasion in relation to type 1 endometrial cancer

Protective role of Aspergillus fumigatus melanin against ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and Bjerkandera adusta melanin as a candidate vaccine against systemic candidiasis

Melanin protects pigmented cells from physical and biological stresses which are associated with virulence in several important human pathogens, but little is known about the immune response to this ubiquitous biologic compound. Melanin content increased in Aspergillus fumigatus mycelium exposed to ultraviolet for 10 min but gradually decreased after 60 min of UV exposure. So, it can be concluded that melanin protects fungus for survival until 60 min which was obvious after studying conidia and mycelia by transmission electron microscope (TEM). This research hypothesized that melanin produced by a higher fungus, Bjerkandera adusta, is immunogenic against fungal infection. Melanin was purified from melanized fungal hymenium layer and used in mice immunization, then the actively immunized mice were challenged 1 day later with 107 candidal spores. The antibody (Ab) response was evaluated by radio-immunodiffusion diffco-plate of IgM for accurate quantitative measurements of immunoglobulin in biological fluids. Candidasis was detected in mice target organs after the challenge and urea was assayed to detect the degree of kidney damage. The results demonstrate that melanin could be immunogenic; this is indicated through IgM follow-up and its development might suggests that this amorphous insoluble polymer can stimulate the immune system against the latter challenge, thus reducing the degree of infection. This was observed through the reduction of candidiasis and the enhancement of kidney function.Key words: Melanin, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, active immunization

The Pilgrim Exposure to the Saudi Governmental Media and its Relationship to the Behavioral Regulations through Pilgrimage Season in Makkah

The study aimed at identifing the role of Saudi governmental media authority in awarening pilgrims about the most suitbale behavioral controls in the sacred sites in addition to monitoring the most important cognitive, emotional and behavioral effects as a result of this exposure. The study was applied to a random sample of (1000) pilgrim from different Islamic countries who speak Arabic. The study concluded that the most 84% of the sample were aware by the right behavioral controls in the sacred places. The most acceptable behavioral controls include not to sleep in the un-allowed sleeping places, to drink a lot of liquids and to cooperate with security men. The results also concluded that the individuals of the sample basically received their awarness of the behavioral control form the various internet browser sources such as googl chrome, explorer, and Firfox Mozilla. These internet browesers were ranked the first among all other available communications sources. The second source of the information about the behavioral control were the Saudi govermental, the Islamic satellite channels, and the media campaigns in the Ministry of Health. The social media were ranked in the third as a source of behavioral information through Haj. The fourth ranked source of information was the media campaigns at the General Presidency for the affairs of the Two Holy Mosques. Finally, the media campaigns accompanied the campaigns of the Ministry of Hajj in the fifth ranked source of information. Statistical analysis of the collected data indiocated that there is a stitistical significant relationship between the pilgrims knowledge of behavioral controls in the Haj and the media sources on which they rely to revieve the awareness behavioral information

The Pilgrim Exposure to the Saudi Governmental Media and its Relationship to the Behavioral Regulations through Pilgrimage Season in Makkah

The study aimed at identifing the role of Saudi governmental media authority in awarening pilgrims about the most suitbale behavioral controls in the sacred sites in addition to monitoring the most important cognitive, emotional and behavioral effects as a result of this exposure. The study was applied to a random sample of (1000) pilgrim from different Islamic countries who speak Arabic. The study concluded that the most 84% of the sample were aware by the right behavioral controls in the sacred places. The most acceptable behavioral controls include not to sleep in the un-allowed sleeping places, to drink a lot of liquids and to cooperate with security men. The results also concluded that the individuals of the sample basically received their awarness of the behavioral control form the various internet browser sources such as googl chrome, explorer, and Firfox Mozilla. These internet browesers were ranked the first among all other available communications sources. The second source of the information about the behavioral control were the Saudi govermental, the Islamic satellite channels, and the media campaigns in the Ministry of Health. The social media were ranked in the third as a source of behavioral information through Haj. The fourth ranked source of information was the media campaigns at the General Presidency for the affairs of the Two Holy Mosques. Finally, the media campaigns accompanied the campaigns of the Ministry of Hajj in the fifth ranked source of information. Statistical analysis of the collected data indiocated that there is a stitistical significant relationship between the pilgrims knowledge of behavioral controls in the Haj and the media sources on which they rely to revieve the awareness behavioral information

The Effect of Different Moringa Oleifera (Moringaceae) Leaves on Diabetic Rats

Background: Diabetes is a serious, long-term condition with a major impact on the lives. Type 2 diabetes is closely associated with insulin resistance and obesity and is characterized by impairments in physiological body processes and hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Moringa oleifera (MO) is a traditional herbal plant that has been used for a long time as a food ingredient or in traditional folk medicine. Aim and objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different Moringa oleifera leaves on diabetic rats.  Subjects and methods: This study was carried out at the Postgraduate Lab of Home Economic Faculty, Helwan University. Thirty-five adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on standard diet for one week for adaptation. Rats then was randomly divided into two main groups. Result: The results indicated that, STZ treated rats showed significant reduction (P<0.05) in serum insulin concentration and, increased glucose levels compared to normal rats. Supplementation with Moringa oleifera leaves in the diet caused significant (P<0.05) increase in the concentration of insulin while glucose level was significantly (P<0.05) decreased compared to the positive control one. It was also observed that, liver and kidney functions and lipid profile of the treated rats was improved compared to the positive control group. Conclusion: Administration of Moringa oleiferia to diabetic rats ameliorated all the adverse effects of diabetes via modulation of insulin, glucose, liver and kidney function, and lipid profile, therefore Moringa oleiferia leaves extract and dried could be used as a suitable supplementation therapy for diabetic patients.&nbsp

Studying of the Solar-Climate Interaction in Canada

Abstract It is well known that the solar radiation output changes periodically and also that it affects the Earth and near-space environment in various ways. The Earth climate system has shown irregular changes during the second half of the 20th century, especially for the last four decades. The scientific and public discussions about the influence of the solar radiation on global warming are still ongoing. It is obvious that the man-made gases (e.g., the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was never as high during the last thousand years as it is today) is an important factor affecting the Earth's surface temperature, but it may be not the only one. The present work presents a correlative study to investigate the possible effect of some geomagnetic and solar parameters on climate variability of global temperature represented by the temperature of Canada. Two components (monthly averages) that may be closely associated with the climate have been studied, which are the geomagnetic activity, aa and the sunspot number, Rz throughout a long period of 114 years from

Effect of Spirulina platensis extract on growth potential of in vitro culture pear

Pears are among the most economically important fruits in the world that are grown in all temperate zones. ‘Le-Cont’ rootstock pear is one of the gene sources used to improve fruit productivity, rootstock resistance, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Traditional propagation of pear. Pear is time-consuming and limited by a short growing season and hard winter conditions. Therefore, in vitro propagation is a suitable alternative method. Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) and spirulina platensis extract at 5,10 and 20 % supplemented with different concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l) of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin (Kin), individually or in combination with them. Treatments were used for in vitro shoot proliferation. Nodal segments were used as explants. MS medium augmented was 3mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA) plus 20 % Spirulina platensis extraction then used for shootlets proliferation of micro-shoots. A combination of 3 mg/l BA and 20 % Spirulina platensis as a growth media resulted in a significant improvement in shoot proliferation. This combination produced the highest number of shoots (2.8 per explant) and leaves (6.3 per explant) similar with those containing MS media plus 20% extraction (2.9 per explant) and leaves (6.8 per explant). The longest shoots (2.97 cm) were obtained in each previous treatment. However, these shoots were similar with those produced from classical multiplication by MS according to ISSR analysis which scored 89.1 % of mono morphism percentage and 10.1 % polymorphism. The ISSR analysis shows the highest similarity index percentage for P5-P9 0.986301

Quantification of Amu River Riverbank Erosion in Balkh Province of Afghanistan during 2004–2020

In this study, we propose quantifying the Amu River riverbank erosion with the modelled river discharge in Kaldar District, Balkh Province of Afghanistan from 2004 to 2020. We propose a framework synergizing multi-source information for modelling the erosion area based on three components: (1) river discharge, (2) river width, and (3) erosion area. The total river discharge for the watershed shared by Afghanistan and Tajikistan was modelled using hydrological parameters from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) data through multivariate linear regression with ground station data. The river width was determined manually using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) derived from Landsat data. The riverbank erosion area was derived from the digital shoreline analysis using the NDWI. The digital shoreline analysis showed that, between 2008 and 2020, the average riverbank erosion area in Kaldar District is about 5.4 km2 per year, and, overall, 86.3 km2 during 2004–2020 due to flood events. The significantly higher land loss events occurred at 10 km2 bank erosion during the years 2008–2009 and 2015–2016, and 19 km2 peak erosion occurred during 2011–2012. A linear relation between the erosion area with respect to the discharge intensity and the specific stream power was observed with an R2 of 0.84 and RMSE of 1.761 for both