REKABENTUK MODEL SISTEM GUNA SEMULA AIR WUDHUK

Ablution is an essential practice as a Muslim because it is an abligatory requiredto perform prayer. A Muslim use approximately 5 litres of water per singleablution. Approximately, a Muslim use 25 litres of treated water to performablution. Islam categorized the used water produced from an ablution asMusta’mal water. Normally Musta'mal water will be left to flow into the drainagesystem. The accumulated amount of wasted water is significant when it ismeasured at a mosque or surau. The quality of Musta'mal water is far better than the typical quality of the waste water produced from washing activities because there were no oil, grease, soap and dirt except for small quantities ofmiccroorganisms. To overcome this problem, this study focused on thediscussion of reusing ablution water based on Shari'ah law which led to thedevelopment of a system (or model) to reuse ablution water. This ablution water reuse system consists of several parts including ablution water collection tanks, filters, storage tanks, filling tank, water pump and water sensor. This system runs automatically using a water pump and water sensor. The study found that the Shari'ah law allow reuse water to be used again as ablution water. Based on this study, it is found that the ablution water reused system is feasible and is able to be produced from the engineering aspect

Information Structure of STEP Convertor of STEP-CNC Mapping System

Abstract. ISO 14649 standard, commonly recognized as STEP-NC is a data model interface for computer numerical controllers. STEP-NC goes much further that G codes and has a more comprehensive data model that overcomes the lack of process information in ISO 6983 files (G codes programming). The STEP compliant approach brings the possibility to integrate the machine controller to the overall enterprise information network, with the intention of having bi-directional data flow. This will provide the novel capability for upstream feedback of information from the numerical controller to the design and process areas in the process planning and manufacturing. This paper presents the key concepts of the proposed STEP Convertor of the STEP-CNC Mapping System. The objective of the main system is to take a generic STEP file as the input to drive a CNC machine tool. The main system is broken down into two main sub-systems, STEP Convertor and STEP-NC Translator. This paper will focus solely on the information structure and conceptualization of the STEP Convertor

Information Structure of STEP Convertor of STEP-CNC Mapping System

Abstract. ISO 14649 standard, commonly recognized as STEP-NC is a data model interface for computer numerical controllers. STEP-NC goes much further that G codes and has a more comprehensive data model that overcomes the lack of process information in ISO 6983 files (G codes programming). The STEP compliant approach brings the possibility to integrate the machine controller to the overall enterprise information network, with the intention of having bi-directional data flow. This will provide the novel capability for upstream feedback of information from the numerical controller to the design and process areas in the process planning and manufacturing. This paper presents the key concepts of the proposed STEP Convertor of the STEP-CNC Mapping System. The objective of the main system is to take a generic STEP file as the input to drive a CNC machine tool. The main system is broken down into two main sub-systems, STEP Convertor and STEP-NC Translator. This paper will focus solely on the information structure and conceptualization of the STEP Convertor

Improvement and optimization of tire nut removal with 114 PCD

Vehicle is an important machine in human daily life. Nowadays, each family has at least one car to make the transportation easy and faster. For a car, the tool set-up for each vehicle is a T-nut wrench and car jacker which is hard to use for a women or teen to open their car’s nut. In 2006, a tire nut removal with 114 pitch circle diameter has been developed to replace T-nut wrench that can reduce the force and torque needed to open the nuts and open all four nuts simultaneously. This tool used mild steel as the main material to fabricate a gearing system and the gear ratio is 21.125 gear ratio force reduction. The total weight of the product was 5.5 kg. For this final year project, this tire nut removal has been improved about the weight, cost of production and the gear ratio. The new tire nut removal has 162 gear ratio that convert the force and torque better than the first tire but removal with 2.5 kg total weight. The main material to fabricate the spur gear has been changed to thermoset plastic material that is Nylatron GSM Blue with lighter weight and cheaper compared to the mild steel material. The new gear ratio has convert the torque to 3.45 Nm that can be supported by power window motor that will be used to help the 114 pitch circle diameter car user. The design of this product is demanded to be smaller and compact to make it easy and comfortable for the user. A new tire nut removal with 203 x 203 x 87.5 mm has been designed to make the tire nut removal smaller, lighter and efficient

Simulation-based evaluation of upper limb postures across range of motion through muscle activity and energy expenditure

Ergonomics assessments is an indexing approach to human work activities embrace postures, load and repetitions. There are studies on ergonomics assessments comparison which have criticized the agreement among the outputs of the assessment. This research rises from an investigation by Fountain L.J. in 2003 regarding testing on 3 different postures scored by Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) on muscles activity and claimed that it was insignificant difference between measured electromyography with RULA scores. The objective of this research is to evaluate muscles activity and energy expenditure across postures deflection differences with Malaysian male anthropometry subject concerned. This evaluation covers upper limb postures as stated by RULA section A. The research was initiated with a verification study on three different elbow flexion posture angles with different scores by RULA on the prime mover muscles activity and total energy expenditure. The result has identified that variables changes existence between different postures tested and has permit for advance detail simulation using Universiti Putra Malaysia AnyBody Modelling System (AMS) software with more angles precision within the postures range of motion. The simulation outputs concerned were the specific postures prime mover muscles activity, maximum muscles activity and potential energy. The prime mover muscles simulation result has shown the co-contraction rhythm between the agonist and antagonist muscles. Maximum muscles activity represents the maximum muscles stress and potential energy expenditure as the fatigue tendency of specific posture. Both outputs were analyzed about the statistical significance using the P-value with 0.05 cut-off. Only the potential energy expenditure variable gives a P-value lower than 0.05 for all postures tested. The relationship model between the potential energy and the angle deflected has been developed to differentiate specific postures angles fatigue tendency. Both variables output value also deviated into low, medium and high magnitudes within the range. These results have enlightened the postures risk index by kinesiology magnitude reference with scores by RULA. Besides that, maximum muscles activity is more applicable for postures stress measurement compared to prime mover muscles activity which only measures the stress on specific muscles

Rekabentuk model sistem guna semula air wudhuk

Ablution is an essential practice as a Muslim because it is an abligatory required to perform prayer. A Muslim use approximately 5 litres of water per single ablution. Approximately, a Muslim use 25 litres of treated water to perform ablution. Islam categorized the used water produced from an ablution as Musta’mal water. Normally Musta'mal water will be left to flow into the drainage system. The accumulated amount of wasted water is significant when it is measured at a mosque or surau. The quality of Musta'mal water is far better than the typical quality of the waste water produced from washing activities because there were no oil, grease, soap and dirt except for small quantities of miccroorganisms. To overcome this problem, this study focused on the discussion of reusing ablution water based on Shari'ah law which led to the development of a system (or model) to reuse ablution water. This ablution water reuse system consists of several parts including ablution water collection tanks, filters, storage tanks, filling tank, water pump and water sensor. This system runs automatically using a water pump and water sensor. The study found that the Shari'ah law allow reuse water to be used again as ablution water. Based on this study, it is found that the ablution water reused system is feasible and is able to be produced from the engineering aspect