Assessment of shoulder active range of motion in prone versus supine:A reliability and concurrent validity study

Background: As swimming and surfing are prone dominant sports, it would be more sport specific to assess shoulder active range of motion in this position. Objectives: To determine the reliability of the inclinometer and HALO© for assessing shoulder active range of motion in supine and prone and the concurrent validity of the HALO©. Concurrent validity is based on the comparison of the HALO© and inclinometer. To determine if active range of motion (AROM) differences exists between prone and supine when assessing shoulder internal (IR) and external rotation (ER). Design: The design included clinical measurement, reliability and validity. Methods: Thirty shoulders (mean age = 26.8 years) without pathology were evaluated. Measurements were taken in supine and prone with both an inclinometer and HALO© device. Results: Active ER ROM in prone was significantly higher than in supine when using both devices. Intra-rater reliability (within and between session) intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values ranged between 0.82–0.99 for both devices in supine and prone. An ICC test revealed a significant (p \u3c 0.01) correlation for both devices in IR and ER movements (ICC3,1 = 0.87 and ICC3,1 = 0.72), respectively. Conclusion: This study has shown prone assessment of active ER and IR ROM to be a reliable and appropriate method for prone dominant athletes (swimmers and surfers). In this study greater ER ROM was achieved in prone compared to supine. This finding highlights the importance of standardizing the test position for initial and follow up assessments. Furthermore the HALO© and inclinometer have been shown to be reliable tools that show good concurrent validity

Clinical methods to quantify trunk mobility in an elite male surfing population

Background: Thoracic mobility in the sagittal and horizontal planes are key requirements in the sport of surfing; however to date the normal values of these movements have not yet been quantified in a surfing population. Objectives: To develop a reliable method to quantify thoracic mobility in the sagittal plane; to assess the reliability of an existing thoracic rotation method, and quantify thoracic mobility in an elite male surfing population. Design: Clinical Measurement, reliability and comparative study. Methods: A total of 30 subjects were used to determine the reliability component. 15 elite surfers were used as part of a comparative analysis with age and gender matched controls. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficient values ranged between 0.95-0.99 (95% CI; 0.89-0.99) for both thoracic methods. The elite surfing group had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) greater rotation than the comparative group (mean rotation 63.57° versus 40.80°, respectively). Conclusion: This study has illustrated reliable methods to assess the thoracic spine in the sagittal plane and thoracic rotation. It has also quantified ROM in a surfing cohort; identifying thoracic rotation as a key movement. This information may provide clinicians, coaches and athletic trainers with imperative information regarding the importance of maintaining adequate thoracic rotation. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd

Are Midsize Academic Libraries on the Right E-Book Train?

Librarians and their vendors were invited to a lively lunch discussion of the fate of books in midsize academic libraries. Do the monograph acquisition models advocated by many R-1 librarians at recent Charleston Conferences fit the needs of midsize academic libraries? These radical new models appear to assume almost full migration to e-books and include such strategies as wholesale movement to e-book-only approval; large leased e-book packages; and expansive DDA offerings of e-books in the catalog. Should midsize academic libraries, which are more often faced with unpredictable budget cycles, limited resources, and a different set of priorities, follow the R-1’s lead, or should they find monograph acquisition models better suited to their needs? Participants had the opportunity to explore these issues with the moderators’ guidance and to offer ideas on blending the best of the emerging R-1 models with the differing needs of midsize academic libraries

National Union Catalog: Asset or Albatross?

Midsize academic libraries face many unique challenges, particularly in the greyer areas of collection management. This presentation addresses these challenges faced by libraries in midsize institutions and how they differ from those at larger research institutions. It focuses on the presenters’ study of midsize library attitudes toward retaining or weeding the iconic National Union Catalog, Pre-1956 Imprints and the reasoning behind each. The generations of librarians who used the NUC and other analog sets are passing from the scene in academic libraries, and the incoming digital native librarian knows little or nothing about them. The fate of the NUC is examined. The example of de-selection decisions regarding voluminous paper sets of pre-digital finding aids is also discussed. Ultimately, the presentation aims to discuss the ways in which midsize libraries can find in building midsize library collections, which will balance out the research needs against the demands of limited space and budgets

Retrospective analysis of chronic injuries in recreational and competitive surfers:Injury location, type, and mechanism

Only two studies have reported on chronic musculoskeletal surfing injuries. They found over half of the injuries were non-musculoskeletal, but did not consider mechanisms of injury. This study identified the location, type, and mechanisms of chronic injury in Australian recreational and competitive surfers using a crosssectional retrospective observational design. A total of 1,348 participants (91.3% males, 43.1% competitive surfers) reported 1,068 chronic injuries, 883 of which were classified as major. Lower back (23.2%), shoulder (22.4%), and knee (12.1%) regions had the most chronic injuries. Competitive surfers had significantly (p \u3c .05) more lower back, ankle/foot, and head/face injuries than recreational surfers. Injuries were mostly musculoskeletal with only 7.8% being of non-musculoskeletal origin. Prolonged paddling was the highest frequency (21.1%) for mechanism of injury followed by turning maneuvers (14.8%). The study results contribute to the limited research on chronic surfing injuries

Effects of subinhibitory ofloxacin on selected genetic processes among enterobacteria

The fluorinated 4-quinolone, ofloxacin, interacts with, and inhibits the negative DNA supercoiling activity of the bacterial tetrameric enzyme, DNA gyrase. DNA gyrase is one of several topoisoraerases that homeostatically regulates the tertiary structure and function of both chromosomal and plasmid DNA. Inhibition of this process is recognised as the precursor to a cascade of cytopathic events that leads to bacterial death. It is recognised that in stationary phase, changes in gene expression promote diverse mechanisms in bacteria to maintain their 'living state'. Analysis of changes in stationary phase has become increasingly important, since Enterobacteria in many environments are in a constant state of stationary phase primarily through nutrient competition, and that rapid growth is not possible. The transposition of Tn7 into the IncP plasmid RP4, and the stability and variation of a natural co integrate plasmid, pOG669, were studied in E. coli K12. The reversion of a spontaneous pleiotropic mutant of Serratia marcescens was investigated in relation to both different growth conditions together with pigmentation and antibiotic resistance. In each of the experimental systems the time course was extended to incorporate possible changes that occurred in stationary phase. Restriction endonuclease fragmentation patterns (REFP) techniques were used to identify DNA rearrangements in the co-integrate R-plasmid pOG669 and to analyse the insertion of Tn7 into RP4. Subinhibitory ofloxacin lead to DNA rearrangements, that encompassed alteratioyn the insertion of Tn7, IncX & IncP plasmid maintenance and expression of antibiotic resistance. Subinhibitory ofloxacin significantly altered the distribution of Tn7 insertion in multiple sites within RP4. Most Tn7 insertions were found to be increased in the 22.2kb Kpnl-SmaI fragment and reduced in the 5kb KpnI-SmaI RP4 fragment. Although, fewer insertions were found in the other KpnI-SmaI fragments in RP4, subinhibitory ofloxacin reduced insertions into the 8.5kb and 5.8 fragments. It is proposed this high and low density of Tn7 insertions results from changes in local DNA superhelicity, and led to exposure of insertion sites to Tn7. Preliminary evidence suggests the tra3 and trfA genes may be contiguous in the RP4 molecule, since no Tn7 insertions were detected in these regions. This study has demonstrated that changes in antibiotic expression are induced by subinhibitory ofloxacin, as observed in the plasmids pOG669 and RP4. The mobility of these plasmids are also influenced by subinhibitory ofloxacin through their elimination. The insertion and transposition of Tn7 and therefore mobility and transposon resistance determinants have also been influenced by subinhibitory ofloxacin. Therefore, the results presented in this study describe ofloxacin to act on several genetic processes. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.)

How Are Brand Names of Chinese Companies Perceived by Americans?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to conduct an experimental design of Americans’ preferences for the English version of Chinese brand names by drawing from prior research in psychology, linguistics and marketing. The impact of string length and semantic relevance to English on meaningfulness, memorability and likeability of brand names from Chinese companies was assessed. Design/methodology/approach – A 2 × 2 experimental design was used, whereby brand names are categorized by string length (short vs long) and semantic relevance to English (with vs without). Respondents’ perception of the Chinese language in terms of pronounceability, language familiarity and language attitude is used as covariate. Findings – Results reveal shorter brand names, and those with semantic relevance to English are perceived as more memorable. It was also found that pronounceability of the brand name does influence brand name preference in terms of their meaningfulness, memorability and likeability. Research limitations/implications – This exploratory paper is limited to Americans’ perceptions of the English version of Chinese automobile brand names. Practical implications – Chinese companies should therefore carefully consider the brand name characteristics in terms of string length and semantic relevance, as well as their ease of pronunciation when choosing and introducing their brand name in the USA. Originality/value – This is the first paper which assesses Western consumers’ perception of brand names from Chinese automobile companies in terms of their brand meaningfulness, brand memorability and brand likeability

NUC, Quo Vadis? Have Mid-Size Academic Libraries Retained the National Union Catalog Pre-1956 Imprints?

Mid-size academic libraries face the dilemma of limited funding and space but are expected to provide the tools their graduate students and faculty need to compete in research. A question faced by these institutions is whether to weed potentially useful paper finding aids of the pre-online era. One example is the 754 volume National Union Catalog Pre-1956 Imprints (NUC). Has the content and current use of the NUC justified its retention by libraries in mid-size universities? The authors provide historical background of the NUC and the results of a survey of librarians from mid-size academic institutions that explores their perspectives on the tool’s continued utility and their institutions’ ultimate decisions on its fate

Courage of Our Convictions: Making Difficult Decisions about Serial Collections

Three academic librarians, a library administrator, a serials librarian, and a collection development librarian, discuss pressing serials issues as they plan for a move to a new library building. Professional perspectives on serials are juxtaposed as they grapple with issues such as limited storage for paper journals, rising costs of serials, and problems related to serials check-in, e-resources, and document delivery