Energy-momentum Density of Gravitational Waves

In this paper, we elaborate the problem of energy-momentum in general relativity by energy-momentum prescriptions theory. Our aim is to calculate energy and momentum densities for the general form of gravitational waves. In this connection, we have extended the previous works by using the prescriptions of Bergmann and Tolman. It is shown that they are finite and reasonable. In addition, using Tolman prescription, exactly, leads to same results that have been obtained by Einstein and Papapetrou prescriptions.Comment: LaTeX, 9 pages, 1 table: added reference

Can an odd number of fermions be created due to chiral anomaly?

We describe a possibility of creation of an odd number of fractionally charged fermions in 1+1 dimensional Abelian Higgs model. We point out that for 1+1 dimensions this process does not violate any symmetries of the theory, nor makes it mathematically inconsistent. We construct the proper definition of the fermionic determinant in this model and underline its non-trivial features that are of importance for realistic 3+1 dimensional models with fermion number violation.Comment: 12 pages revtex, 2 figure

Mapping Local Cytosolic Enzymatic Activity in Human Esophageal Mucosa with Porous Silicon Nanoneedles

Porous silicon nanoneedles can map Cathepsin B activity across normal and tumor human esophageal mucosa. Assembling a peptide‐based Cathepsin B cleavable sensor over a large array of nano­needles allows the discrimination of cancer cells from healthy ones in mixed culture. The same sensor applied to tissue can map Cathepsin B activity with high resolution across the tumor margin area of esophageal adenocarcinoma. [Image: see text

5-Cyano-1,3-phenylene diacetate

In the title molecule, C11H9NO4, the two acetoxy groups are twisted from the plane of the benzene ring by 67.89 (4) and 53.30 (5)°. Both carbonyl groups are on the same side of the aromatic ring. In the crystal, weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds link molecules into layers parallel to the ac plane. The crystal packing exhibits π–π interactions between the aromatic rings, indicated by a short intercentroid distance of 3.767 (3) Å

APPORT DE L’IMAGERIE DANS L’ABDOMEN AIGU NON FEBRILE

The non febrile abdominal pains are very frequent and their causes are multiple. The imaging is important in the diagnosis, the complete physical examination, the follow-up and the treatment of the abdominopelvic lesions. The abdominal negatives without preparation are still used for the search of intestinal occlusion, acute intestinal ischemia. The echography is indicated particularly in the abdominal traumatisms, pelvic pain in the woman and for the search of lithiasis in the case of biliary ileus. The echo-doppler is indicated mainly in the vascular pathology. The computerized tomography is still the preferable examination in the diagnosis of the non febrile acute abdomens. The angiography is necessary if there is suspicion of mesenteric ischemia, digestive hemorrhage and particularly in an interventional gesture.Les douleurs abdominales aiguës non fébriles sont très fréquentes et relèvent de causes multiples. L’imagerie prend une place importante dans le diagnostic, le bilan, le suivi et le traitement des lésions abdomino-pelviennes. Les clichés d’abdomen sans préparation gardent leur indication à la recherche d’une occlusion intestinale, d’une ischémie intestinale aiguë. L’échographie est indiquée surtout dans les traumatismes abdominaux, douleurs pelviennes chez la femme et  à la recherche de lithiase en cas d’iléus biliaire. L’écho-doppler est indiquée principalement dans la pathologie vasculaire. La TDM reste l’examen de choix dans le diagnostic des abdomens aigus non fébriles. L’angiographie est justifiée en cas de suspicion d’une ischémie mésentérique, d’une hémorragie digestive et surtout dans un geste interventionnel

Prospective validation of microRNA signatures for detecting pancreatic malignant transformation in endoscopic-ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration biopsies

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease. Novel biomarkers are required to aid treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potentially ideal diagnostic biomarkers, as they are stable molecules, and tumour and tissue specific.Results: Logistic regression analysis revealed an endoscopic-ultrasound fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) 2-miRNA classifier (miR-21 + miR-155) capable of distinguishing benign from malignant pancreatic lesions with a sensitivity of 81.5% and a specificity of 85.7% (AUC 0.930). Validation FNA cohorts confirmed both miRNAs were overexpressed in malignant disease, while circulating miRNAs performed poorly.Methods: Fifty-five patients with a suspicious pancreatic lesion on cross-sectional imaging were evaluated by EUS-FNA. At echo-endoscopy, the first part of the FNA was sent for cytological assessment and the second part was used for total RNA extraction. Candidate miRNAs were selected after careful review of the literature and expression was quantified by qRT-PCR. Validation was performed on an independent cohort of EUS-FNAs, as well as formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) and plasma samples.Conclusions: We provide further evidence for using miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for pancreatic malignancy. We demonstrate the feasibility of using fresh EUS-FNAs to establish miRNA-based signatures unique to pancreatic malignant transformation and the potential to enhance risk stratification and selection for surgery

Fundoplication to preserve allograft function after lung transplant: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: ARS has been adopted in select patients with lung transplant for the past 2 decades inmany centers. Outcomes have been reported sporadically. No pooled analysis of retrospective series has been performed. Objective: This review and pooled analysis sought to demonstrate objective evidence of improved graft function in lung transplant patients undergoing antireflux surgery (ARS). Methods: In accordance with Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines, a search of PubMed Central, Medline, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases was performed. Articles documenting spirometry data pre- and post-ARS were reviewed and a random-effects model meta-analysis was performed on forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) values and the rate of change of FEV1. Results: Six articles were included in the meta-analysis. Regarding FEV1 before and after ARS, we observed a small increase in FEV1 values in studies reporting raw values (2.02 ± 0.89 L/1 sec vs 2.14 ± 0.77 L/1 sec; n = 154) and % of predicted (77.1% ± 22.1% vs 81.2% ± 26.95%; n = 45), with a small pooled Cohen d effect size of 0.159 (P = .114). When considering the rate of change of FEV1 we observed a significant difference in pre-ARS compared with post-ARS (–2.12 ± 2.76 mL/day vs +0.05 ± 1.19 mL/day; n = 103). There was a pooled effect size of 1.702 (P = .013), a large effect of ARS on the rate of change of FEV1 values. Conclusions: This meta-analysis of retrospective observational studies demonstrates that ARS might benefit patients with declining FEV1, by examining the rate of change of FEV1 during the pre- and postoperative periods