Government Involvement in the Economies of Developed and Developing Countries

Although the government role in the economy has extended to include various sectors of the economy, there are still problems of the causes of government involvement and how such involvement is related to the structure and function of the industrial government. The purpose of this study is to test the government involvement phenomenon both theoretically and empirically. The study compares two approaches to the government theories. The first approach deals with theories of capitalism and focuses on the function of the government methods as they are observed. The second approach deals with theories of the capitalist government and focuses on the functions and the form of the government as deducted from the historical analysis

Psychodynamic therapy of depression

In this journal, Malhi et al. (2021) present the 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders While we applaud their efforts to develop a comprehensive treatment guideline, we call attention to several factual errors leading to erroneous conclusions and recommendations with regard to the treatment of mood disorders

Parallel Nonbinary LDPC Decoding on GPU

Nonbinary Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes are a class of error-correcting codes constructed over the Galois field GF(q) for q > 2. As extensions of binary LDPC codes, nonbinary LDPC codes can provide better error-correcting performance when the code length is short or moderate, but at a cost of higher decoding complexity. This paper proposes a massively parallel implementation of a nonbinary LDPC decoding accelerator based on a graphics processing unit (GPU) to achieve both great flexibility and scalability. The implementation maps the Min-Max decoding algorithm to GPU’s massively parallel architecture. We highlight the methodology to partition the decoding task to a heterogeneous platform consisting of the CPU and GPU. The experimental results show that our GPUbased implementation can achieve high throughput while still providing great flexibility and scalability.National Science Foundation (NSF

Biases in research: risk factors for non-replicability in psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy research

Replicability of findings is an essential prerequisite of research. For both basic and clinical research, however, low replicability of findings has recently been reported. Replicability may be affected by research biases not sufficiently controlled for by the existing research standards. Several biases such as researcher allegiance or selective reporting are well-known for affecting results. For psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy research, specific additional biases may affect outcome (e.g. therapist allegiance, therapist effects or impairments in treatment implementation). For meta-analyses further specific biases are relevant. In psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy research these biases have not yet been systematically discussed in the context of replicability. Using a list of 13 biases as a starting point, we discuss each bias's impact on replicability. We illustrate each bias by selective findings of recent research, showing that (1) several biases are not yet sufficiently controlled for by the presently applied research standards, (2) these biases have a pernicious effect on replicability of findings. For the sake of research credibility, it is critical to avoid these biases in future research. To control for biases and to improve replicability, we propose to systematically implement several measures in psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy research, such as adversarial collaboration (inviting academic rivals to collaborate), reviewing study design prior to knowing the results, triple-blind data analysis (including subjects, investigators and data managers/statisticians), data analysis by other research teams (crowdsourcing), and, last not least, updating reporting standards such as CONSORT or the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR)

Microbiological monitoring of ultrapure dialysis fluid in a hemodialysis center in Alexandria, Egypt

No Abstrac

The anger-depression mechanism in dynamic therapy : experiencing previously avoided anger positively predicts reduction in depression via working alliance and insight

A central tenet of psychodynamic theory of depression is the role of avoided anger. However empirical research has not yet addressed the question of for which patients and via what pathways experiencing anger in sessions can help. The therapeutic alliance and acquisition of patient insight are important change processes in dynamic therapy and may mediate the anger–depression association. This study was embedded into a randomized trial testing the efficacy of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) for treatment resistant depression. In-session patient affect experiencing (AE) was coded for every available session (475/481) by blinded observers in 27 patients randomized to ISTDP. Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling was used to examine within-person associations between variation in depression scores session-by-session and both patient ratings (alliance) and observer ratings (AE and insight) of the treatment process. Alliance and insight were independent mediators of the effect of anger on next-session depression. However, the relative importance of these two indirect effects of anger on depression was conditional on pretreatment patient personality pathology (PP). In patients with higher PP, in-session anger was negatively related to depressive symptoms next session, with this effect operating through higher alliance. In patients with low PP, in-session anger was negatively related to depressive symptoms next session, with this effect operating through enhanced patient insight. These findings highlight an anger–depression mechanism of change in dynamic therapy. Depending upon patient personality, either an “insight pathway” or a “relational pathway” may promote the effectiveness of facilitating arousal and expression of patients’ in-session feelings

Cytological and Immunocytochemical Study of Bronchial Wash in Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Background: - Carcinoma of the lung has became the most common type of cancer since 1985 & the most common cause of cancer death in both males & females. Aim of study: - To assess the diagnostic accuracy of bronchial wash cytology & application of immunocytochemical methods, using two tumor markers (low molecular weight cytokeratin & epithelial membrane antigen) for more accurate & precise diagnosis of lung tumors. Patients, materials and methods: - Fifty fifes suspected lung cancer cases according to their clinicoradiological examinations were included in this study. Bronchial wash cytology was performed for all the 55 patients. Smears were stained by conventional cytological stain in addition to immunocytochemial staining using low molecular weight cytokeratin & epithelial membrane antigen. The final results of bronchial wash were compared to histopathological results & final clinical diagnosis as. Results: - Cytological smears of bronchial wash revealed the presence of malignant cells in 33 cases (60%). The sensitivity of bronchial wash cytology was 82.5%; the specificity was 100.0%, with overall accuracy of 87.3%. Using cytokeratin staining, 26 cases (47%) were positive for malignant cells, & 29 were negative. The sensitivity, specificity & overall accuracy were 65%, 100%, & 74.5% respectively. With EMA staining, 19 cases (27%) were positive for malignant cells & 36 were negative. The sensitivity, specificity & overall accuracy were 47.5%, 100%, & 61.8% respectively. Combined use of CK & EMA raised the sensitivity to 72.5%, specificity of 100% & overall accuracy of 80%. Combined use of monoclonal antibodies & conventional cytology raised the sensitivity to 95%, specificity 100%, with overall accuracy of 96.3%.  Conclusions: - Using more than one monoclonal antibody, or using combined conventional cytology & immunocytochemistry increase the sensitivity for detection of malignant cells in bronchial wash smears