The comparison of the acupressure and pyridoxine effect on severity of both nausea and vomiting in primigravida women

زمینه و هدف:اختلالات دستگاه گوارش به ویژه تهوع و استفراغ، شایع ترین شکایات دوران بارداری می باشند. بررسی های انجام شده نشان داده که در مراقبت های بارداری تقریباً 20 درصد زنان باردار به علت شدت این مشکلات در جستجوی خدمات پزشکی هستند. هدف از این پژوهش مقایسه اثر دو روش درمانی طب فشاری و پیریدوکسین (ویتامینB6 ) بر روی شدت تهوع و استفراغ خانم های باردار نخست زا می باشد. روش بررسی: در یک کارآزمایی بالینی، پژوهشگر با حضور در مراکز بهداشتی - درمانی شهرستان اهواز از میان زنان نخست حامله ای که در زمان انجام پژوهش جهت دریافت خدمات دوران بارداری به مراکز مربوطه مراجعه کرده و دارای تهوع و استفراغ بودند، تعداد 100 نفر بصورت مبتنی بر هدف انتخاب و بطور تصادفی در دو گروه 50 نفره قرار گرفتند. جهت درمان تهوع و استفراغ گروه اول تحت تأثیر طب فشاری با استفاده از نواری بنام سی باند قرار گرفت و گروه دوم روزانه 40 میلی گرم ویتامین B6 دریافت کردند و درمان به مدت 4 روز برای هر دو گروه انجام شد. برای هرکدام از نمونه ها پرسشنامه ای تکمیل و به کلیه افراد برگه هایی جهت ثبت وضعیت روزانه برای مدت 4 روز داده شد و داده های بدست آمده با استفاده از آزمون آماری کای دو، تی تست، من ویتنی و ویل کاکسون تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از ویتامینB6 و سی باند باعث کاهش شدت تهوع و دفعات استفراغ می شود (001/0

Explaining the Relationship between Parenting Styles, Identity Styles and Spiritual Health in Adolescents

This research aimed to explain the structural relationship between parenting styles, identity styles and spiritual health of adolescents. The descriptive and causal correlation methods were used in this study and 628 subjects (311 females and 317 males) among high school students in Karaj, Iran were selected by multi-stage sampling method. For this purpose, the parenting style questionnaire of Baumrind, identity styles of Berzonsky (ISI-6G) and spiritual health that were designed by researchers and were used after evaluating their reliability and validity. Data were analyzed after preparation by using structural equation model. The results showed that the identity, informational and normative styles have significant and positive relation with spiritual health and have no significant relationship with avoiding identity. Authoritative style of parenting practices has a significant and positive correlation with the spiritual health and authoritative style has a significant and negative relation with spiritual health. However, easy-going method has a significant and positive correlation only with the dimensions of self-consciousness and transcendental-esoteric experiences and has a significant and negative relation with other dimensions of spiritual health. The results obtained on the relation between parenting practices and identity styles indicate that authoritative parenting practices has a positive relation with normative identity and negative relationship with avoidant identity. Also, authoritarian parenting style has a negative relation with informational and normative identity and significant and positive correlation with avoidant identity and only easy-going parenting style has a significant and negative correlation with informational identity. Also, in this research, informational and normative identity styles mediate only the relationship between authoritative parenting style and spiritual health of adolescents

Training for Medical Tourism in Iran

Introduction: Today, medical tourism is becoming popularized through the upgrading of quality standards essential to providing appropriate and high quality services to those in need. Training is an essential factor in improving the current standards. Medical tourism can provide state-of-the-art treatment for patients. Methods: This study is a narrative review of studies aimed at investigating the importance of training in medical tourism and to address the question of whether training in the development of medical tourism and attracting medical tourists is feasible. Results: Medical tourism can provide state-of-the-art treatment for patients. Experts in the field of medical tourism can help a tourist select his/her destination country. The development of medical tourism in Iran means providing high-tech facilities and personnel who are highly-trained in medical tourism, familiarization with the culture of medical tourists, the cooperation of stakeholders, advertisement of medical tourism, and so on. Conclusion: To develop medical tourism in Iran, in addition to the necessary equipment, the necessary training should also be provided, such as an introduction to medical tourism and the medical tourist and knowledge of the rules and regulations of medical tourism. Participants in training should be stakeholders in both the medical and the tourism sectors. It is necessary to design a training model for Iranian medical tourism

Study of VanA, B, C, D, E Genes in Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Retailed Dried Vegetables in Tehran, Iran

Background: Enterococcus spp. are resistant to many antimicrobials including vancomycin. They may be found in foods and water.Objective: In the current study, van genes were investigated in vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) isolated from dried vegetables in Tehran, Iran.Materials and Methods: In this study, 140 dried vegetable samples were collected from local retailers in Tehran, Iran, 2015. Bacteria were isolated using culture, biochemistry and molecular methods. Susceptibility of the enterococcal isolates was assessed to six antibiotics of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline and vancomycin using Kirby-Bauer method. The prevalence of vanA, B, C, D, E genes was molecularly studied in VRE using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing techniques.Results: Of 140 dried vegetable samples, Enterococcus spp. strains were isolated from 84 samples (60%). Totally, 48% of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin. Of 41 vancomycin-resistant enterococcal isolates, vanA was found in 23 (56.1%), vanB in 8 (19.5%) and vanC in 2 (4.9%) isolates. No vanD or vanE was found in the isolates. Results have shown a high rate of contamination with Enterococcus spp., especially VRE, in dried vegetables in Tehran.Conclusion: Therefore, further hygienic regulations such as personal training and food processing, transportation, storage and marketing must be routine in food industries and local retailers

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms among Individuals with and without Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study from the PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study

Objective: Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are the most common complaint among individuals with diabetes. This study investigated the prevalence of upper, lower, and general GI symptoms in individuals with and without diabetes among the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN) Guilan Cohort study (PGCS) population. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study of PGCS was conducted on 2669 participants, 1364 with diabetes and 1305 without diabetes. The first part of the questionnaire collected demographical and clinical data, and the second part collected GI symptoms. A 4-point Likert Scale was used for each question. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16, and the significance level was considered < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants was 52.24 ± 8.75 years, and 55.5% were female. Patients with diabetes have an increased incidence of upper GI symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.42, p = 0.045) compared to individuals without diabetes. The most common upper GI symptom in patients with diabetes compared to those without diabetes was eructation (18.6% vs. 14.9%, p = 0.009). Conclusions: The prevalence of GI symptoms was high in patients both with and without diabetes, and the chance of developing GI upper symptoms was higher in patients with diabetes

A low-carb diet increases fecal short-chain fatty acids in feces of obese women following a weight-loss program: randomized feeding trial

Abstract To compare fecal level of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and some serum inflammatory markers between the low-carbohydrate (LCD) and the habitual (HD) diet, subjects were enrolled from our previous study on the effect of LCD vs. HD on gut microbiota in obese women following an energy-restricted diet. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) significantly increased in the HD group (p < 0.001). Adjusted for the baseline parameters, fecal level of butyric, propionic, and acetic acid were significantly different between the LCD and HD groups (p < 0.001, p = 0.02, and p < 0.001, respectively). Increase in serum insulin level correlated with decrease in fecal propionic acid by 5.3-folds (95% CI =  − 2.7,  − 0.15, p = 0.04). Increase in serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) correlated with decrease in the percentage of fecal butyric acid by 25% (p = 0.04). Serum fasting blood sugar (FBS) and insulin showed a significant effect on fecal acetic acid (p = 0.009 and p = 0.01, respectively). Elevated serum FBS and insulin correlated with increase in fecal acetic acid by 2.8 and 8.9-folds (95%CI = 0.34, 1.9 and 1.2, 9.2), respectively. The LCD increased fecal SCFAs and a significant correlation was seen between serum IL-6 and fecal propionic acid level. More studies are needed to reach a concise correlation. Trial registration number: The trial was registered in Iranian ClinicalTrials.gov IRCT20200929048876N3

Effects of entonox in comparison of lidocaine on pain severity during episiotomy incision in nulliparous women: A randomized control trial

Background & Aim: Episiotomy is one of the most common surgical procedures in obstetrics, which requires analgesia. Entonox gas is known to have analgesic and sedative properties. However, no studies have been found on the analgesic effects of Entonox on episiotomy incision. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of Entonox and lidocaine on pain intensity during episiotomy incision in nulliparous women. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 120 term nulliparous women, who met the inclusion criteria. Subjects were selected by randomized sampling and equally divided into two groups of intervention and control (n=60). In the intervention group, Entonox gas was applied two minutes before episiotomy incision until the end of the procedure. On the other hand, the control group received 5 ml of lidocaine 2% as routine care before episiotomy incision. Data were collected using visual analogue scale to compare the study groups in terms of pain intensity. In addition, patient satisfaction with pain management technique during episiotomy and side effects of Entonox were assessed. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22 using Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests, and P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, no significant difference was observed between the intervention and control groups regarding pain intensity (P=0.52). Moreover, no significant difference was observed in the satisfaction level of the two groups (P=0.70). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, Entonox could be used as an effective and noninvasive alternative to lidocaine to reduce pain during episiotomy incision without significant side effects

Eco-Friendly Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Using Dracocephalum moldavica Seed Extract

This paper reports a novel green approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous seed extract of Dracocephalum moldavica (L.) under ambient conditions. Processes such as Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were carry out to characterize AgNPs. The presence of AgNPs in the prepared solution was approved by a peak to occur at 443 nm. XRD pattern indicated the crystalline structure of the nanoparticles (NPs) while the FTIR spectra confirm the attendance of plant residues adsorbed by these NPs. TEM images revealed a near spherical shape of these NPs, and EDX provided the expected elemental composition. The synthesized AgNPs showed excellent antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis