The effects of essential oils, extracts and powder of Satureja bachtiarica bung on the bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus in cream cheese

Background and aims: Staphylococcus aureus is an important contaminant of milk and dairy products. It can cause a wide range of illnesses including, food poisonings and nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effects of the essential oil , aqueous extract and powder of the Satureja bachtiarica on staphylococcus aureus. Methods: Satureja bachtiarica was collected from the heights of the province of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari and its extract and essential oil were collected. The bacteria staphylococcus aureus was obtained from the Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology. The bacterium was inoculated in equal amounts to specimens of cream cheese; afterward different concentrations of the essential oil , aqueous extract, and herbal powder were produced and inoculated in in equal amounts to the cream cheese specimens; subsequently, the specimens were checked 20, 40 and 60 days after inoculation. In the end, the microbial activity of the essential oil , aqueous extract and herbal powder were reported according to mg/ml. Results: The minimum growth of the bacteria staphylococcus aureus was observed in the 1000 milligram concentrations of essential oils and 125 mg of the aqueous extract and 125 mg of powder of the plant. At all the concentrations tested the pH changes in the fortieth day, and the changes in the rigidity of the cream cheese specimens were significant as well. At some of the concentrations of the aqueous extract and some concentrations of the herbal powder the changes in the texture of the cream cheeses, comparing to the controls, were significant. Conclusion: The essential oil , aqueous extract and powder of the Satureja bachtiarica have a great inhibiting effect on the growth of the bacterium staphylococcus aureus. Thus, it can be used as a natural preservative in foods with high lipid content

To Restore the Stability: Family Experiences of Patients in Intensive Care Unit

Introduction: Experience of hospitalization in the intensive care unit is stressful for patients and families. When a family member is hospitalized in intensive care unit, patient's condition causes instability and imbalance in quality of family life. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore experiences of families of hospitalized patients in intensive care unit related to resture the stability. Method: In this qualitative study, 19 family members of patients in intensive care unit were enrolled via purposive sampling method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observation, and field notes. All interviews were recorded and transcript verbatim, and were analyzed using qualitative content analysis method. Results: The extracted three main themes wereas “search for supporter resources”, “organizing of situation”, and “contextual-tructural factors”. Subcategories of “searching for supporter resources” were “sources of hope” and “sources of support”. “Organizing of situation” had two subcategories of “interaction with the health care team” and “efforts of stress relief”. Moreover, “contextua-structural factors” included two subcategories of “factors related to family” and “factors related to care-medical system”. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems essential that health care team understand experiences of family members of patients in intensive care unit related to restore family stability, and balance in their life for providing family-centered interventions. Keywords: Family members, Intensive care unit, Qualitative research, Data analysi

Preventive Effects of NSAIDs on Lung Tissue Oxidative Damage in an Animal Sepsis Model

Background/aim: Sepsis is a very heterogeneous syndrome that is caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Inflammatory cascades have an important role in sepsis and can potentially be suppressed by anti-inflammatory compounds. So, this study was focused on the antiseptic effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on lung injuries based on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery. Materials and methods: Male wistar rats divided into 6 groups (n=50) as follows: Control, Laparotomy (LAP), CLP and three treatment groups. The rats were killed after 48 h and the lung tissue was subjected to antioxidant enzymes (LP (lipid peroxidation), MPO (myeloperoxidase), and GSH (Glutathione)) and inflammatory genes expression (cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), CD177 and MPO). Results: The results indicated that CLP caused lung injury by changes in antioxidant enzymes and genes expression (P<0.05). Treatments with indomethacin, celecoxib and aspirin as anti-inflammatory compounds significantly improved antioxidant enzymes by reducing LP and MPO level as well as genes expression and increasing level of GSH (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicated that sepsis caused oxidative damage in the lung tissue, and the uses of NSAIDs were effective in preventing and improving these injuries

Polymerization Shrinkage of Five Bulk-Fill Composite Resins in Comparison with a Conventional Composite Resin

Objectives: The polymerization shrinkage of methacrylate-based composites is among the most important causes of failure of composite restorations. The manufacturers claim that bulk-fill composites have a lower polymerization shrinkage than conventional composites. This study aimed to assess the polymerization shrinkage of five bulk-fill composites in comparison with a conventional composite. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro experimental study, composite discs (n=30) were fabricated using everX Posterior (EXP), Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior (FBP), SonicFill 2 (SF2), Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill (TNB), X-tra fil (XF), and Filtek Z250 conventional composite at the center of a metal ring bonded to a microscope slide and were covered with a coverslip. This assembly was transferred to a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT). Light-curing (1200 mW/cm2) was performed from underneath the slide for 30 seconds. The deflecting disc method and LVDT were used to assess the dimensional changes of the samples (indicative of polymerization shrinkage) at 1, 30, 60, and 1800 seconds following the onset of light irradiation. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test. Results: The groups were significantly different regarding polymerization shrinkage (P<0.002). The polymerization shrinkage of the tested composites following the onset of light irradiation ranged from 0.19 to 3.03. EXP showed a significantly higher polymerization shrinkage than other composites at 30, 60, and 1800 seconds after light irradiation, while XF showed the lowest polymerization shrinkage at the aforementioned time points. Conclusions: The tested bulk-fill composites had a polymerization shrinkage similar to that of the conventional composite.

Persian version of Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales: Psychometric Properties

Background Family coping is an active process in which the family and each member of it use the available resources to decrease or control the demand. Using effective coping strategy, a family can react to stresses and adapt better to its situation. The purpose of this study was to examine psychometric properties of a Persian version of Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales (F-COPES) in a population of Iranian mothers with cerebral palsy children. Materials and Methods F-COPES was translated into Persian following Wild et al.’s model, face and content validities of the translated version were determined by 12 faculty board members in different nursing fields, psychology, and tool development. Afterward, to fill out the scale, 208 mothers with cerebral palsy children who had referred to Kermanshah based rehabilitation centers were selected through convenient sampling. Construct validity of the tool was determined by using confirmatory factor analysis. To examine internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha and to examine reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (15 participants with 2 weeks interval) was used. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS (version 16.0) and EQS6.1. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported validity of the whole tool and its five subscales. Cronbach’s alpha of the whole tool was obtained alpha=0.84 and the alpha of the five subscales ranged from 0.76 to 0.94. In addition, ICC was obtained equal with 0.89. Conclusion: The Persian version of F-COPES was featured with acceptable psychometric properties so that it can be used to survey family coping in Iranian mothers with cerebral palsy child

A survey on demographic characteristics of referrals to Isfahan medical genetic center and its relation to family marriage in 2009

Background: In many jobs, people are exposed to thermal stress. Exposed to heat and Cause heat strain to persons, in addition to the negative impact on health, affected productivity and efficiency and thus reduce the quantity and quality of production of organizations. Therefor, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between thermal strain and human productivity in the automotive assembly industry. Methods: This cross-sectional study was on 181 workers of automotive assembly industry in both summer and winter season. To study the thermal strains, HSSI and WBGT indices and also to survey of human productivity Hersey and Goldsmit scale was used. Finally to study of relationship between the WBGT and HSSI with human productivity and its subscales, Pearson correlation was applied. Findings: Most and lowest of WBGT index and HSSI in summer, to arrange for special unit and warehouse storage, respectively. In winter the maximum value of these indices was calculated for Production unit and the lowest values of these indices were obtained for special and business units, respectively. The maximum and minimum value of human productivity was obtained for business unit (25.81) and storage unit (16.52). The findings showed that the Pearson correlation coefficient the WBGT index and human productivity is not significant (P= 0.134). But HSSI index and human productivity had a significant inverse relationship (P= 0.015) and with decreasing heat strain score index, increased the human productivity and conversely. Conclusion: Heat strain has a negative impact on human productivity so that increase of heat strain human productivity is reduced. The WBGT index did not reported the negative impact

The Effects of Speech Training, Guidebook and Simultaneous Method, on the Knowledge and Attitude of Students about HIV/AIDS

Introduction: A great percentage of AIDS infections occure in adolescence and youth. since that,studing and finding the most efficient teaching methods in order to improve their information ( knowledge) and attitude also to create o positive one and to creat preventive measures in the young and adolescent,is of great significance and priority. Materials and Methods: 7 school were picked randomy among different Mashhad educational districts.From these schools,650 students were  randomy  selected and divided into 4 groups:1-education with lecture, 2-education with guidebook, 3-education with lecture and guidebook,  4-without any education. Firstly ,  basic knowledge and attitude of students on AIDS were evaluated. Then their educational needs and curriculum were designed. Then 2 weeeks after cinducting the  education,student's knowledge ( study groups ) and attitude were evaluated. Results: Average Points for knowledge and attitude before education were 25.86 and 23.70 that were elevated to 27.68  and 25.27 after  aducation. There was no  statistical difference between average points of all 4 groups' knowledge and attitude before education. After education, average point of knowledge was 28.33+5.6 in  lecture group,28.19+6.26 in guidebook group, 29.77+4.49 in lecture and guidebook group and 26.90+4.95 in control group. After  education, average  points of attitude  was 25.77+3.7 in lecture group, 25.62+3.47 in guidebook group, 25.27+3.87 in lecture and guidebook  group  and 23.98+3.56 in  control group. Statistical analyses  showed that there is significant difference between points before and after education in the 3 study groups ( PConclusion:  To improve  student's  knowledge,  education by both lecture and guidebook, and to improve their attitude or to create a positive one, lecture method are preferred