Endogenous Growth and Human Capital: A Comparative Study of Pakistan and Sri Lanka

Economic Growth has posed an intellectual challenge ever since the beginning of systematic economic analysis. Adam Smith claimed that growth was related to division of labour, but he did not link them in a clear way. After that Thomas Malthus developed a formal model of a dynamic economic growth process in which each country converge toward stationary per-capita income. According to this model, death rates fall and fertility rises when income exceed the equilibrium, and opposite occur when incomes are less than that level. Despite the influence of the Malthusian model in nineteenth century economists, fertility fell rather than rose as income grew during the past 150 years in the west and other parts of the world. The Neoclassical growth model of Solow (1956), which has been for the past thirty years the central framework to account for economic growth, focuses on exogenous technical population factors that determine output-input ratios, responded to the failure of Malthusian model. Neither Malthus’s nor the Neoclassicists approach to growth pays much attention to Human Capital. Yet the evidence is quite strong of close link between investments in human capital and economic growth. Since human capital embodied knowledge and skills, and economic development depends on advances in technological and scientific knowledge, development presumably depends on the accumulation of human capital. Investment in human capital has been a major source of economic growth in advanced countries. The negligible amount of human investments in underdeveloped countries has done a little to extend the capacity of people to meet the challenge of accelerated development.

The Role of Human Capital in Economic Growth: A Comparative Study of Pakistan and India

Economic Growth has posed an intellectual challenge ever since the beginning of systematic economic analysis. Adam Smith claimed that growth was related to division of labour, but he did not link them in a clear way. After that Thomas Malthus developed a formal model of a dynamic economic growth process in which each country converge toward stationary per capita income. According to this model, death rates fall and fertility rises when income exceed the equilibrium, and opposite occur when incomes are less than that level. Despite the influence of the Malthusian model in nineteenth century economists, fertility feel rather than rose as income grew during the past 150 years in the west and other parts of the world. The Neoclassical growth model of Solow (1956), which has been for the past thirty years the central framework to account for economic growth, focuses on exogenous technical population factors that determine output-input ratios, responded to the failure of Malthusian model. Neither Malthus’s nor the Neoclassicists approach to growth pays much attention to Human Capital. Yet the evidence is quite strong of close link between investments in human capital and economic growth. Since human capital embodied knowledge and skills, and economic development depends on advances in technological and scientific knowledge, development presumably depends on the accumulation of human capital. Investment in human capital has been a major source of economic growth in advanced countries.

Twin Poets Who Lived Apart: Nazim Hikmet and Faiz Ahmed Faiz

The two twentieth century poets, Nazim Hikmet of Turkey and Faiz Ahmed Faiz of Pakistan, were so similar in their political struggles and poetic discourse; they look like twin poets who lived apart in different societies. Both are remembered as poets who juxtaposed ideological sensibilities with romantic imageries in their poetry. Both fought against tyrannies of their rulers and were invariably imprisoned and exiled from their own countries. The paper, citing their work and life experiences, draws parallels from their ideological and poetic discourse

Cultural Identity and State Oppression: Poetic Resistance to Internal Colonialism in Pakistan

Challenging the conventional wisdom, this article argues that colonialism never left South Asia as it transformed itself into internal colonialism after independence. Strong shadows of British colonialism can still be seen in colonial legacies of legal, administrative and economic structures of Pakistan and other South Asian nations. Within this conceptual framework, this study analyzes poetic discourse in Pakistan’s native languages including Balochi, Brahui, Pashto, Seriaki and Sindhi as it resists forces of internal colonialism. The analysis demonstrates poetic resistance within the two major themes: A consistent quest for cultural identity in Seriaki and Sindhi, and profound resistance to the state oppression in the Balochi and Pashto poetic discourse. This discourse demonstrates themes of cultural defiance with modernist, post-modernist, realistic and expressionist trends. Although resistance is not the only stream, it is a prominent theme with some similar and distinctive features specific to the nature of oppression to marginalize native cultures. The poetic discourse, along with the political and intellectual struggles, however, became instrumental in gaining some breathing space for native cultures although mechanisms of internal colonialism remain intact in Pakistan

Endogenous Growth and Human Capital: A Comparative Study of Pakistan and Sri Lanka

Economic Growth has posed an intellectual challenge ever since the beginning of systematic economic analysis. Adam Smith claimed that growth was related to division of labour, but he did not link them in a clear way. After that Thomas Malthus developed a formal model of a dynamic economic growth process in which each country converge toward stationary per-capita income. According to this model, death rates fall and fertility rises when income exceed the equilibrium, and opposite occur when incomes are less than that level. Despite the influence of the Malthusian model in nineteenth century economists, fertility fell rather than rose as income grew during the past 150 years in the west and other parts of the world

The Role of Human Capital in Economic Growth: A Comparative Study of Pakistan and India

Economic Growth has posed an intellectual challenge ever since the beginning of systematic economic analysis. Adam Smith claimed that growth was related to division of labour, but he did not link them in a clear way. After that Thomas Malthus developed a formal model of a dynamic economic growth process in which each country converge toward stationary per capita income. According to this model, death rates fall and fertility rises when income exceed the equilibrium, and opposite occur when incomes are less than that level. Despite the influence of the Malthusian model in nineteenth century economists, fertility feel rather than rose as income grew during the past 150 years in the west and other parts of the world. The Neoclassical growth model of Solow (1956), which has been for the past thirty years the central framework to account for economic growth, focuses on exogenous technical population factors that determine output-input ratios, responded to the failure of Malthusian model

Modelling of a compact anisotropic star as an anisotropic fluid sphere in f(T)f(T) gravity

In this paper, we have studied the new exact model of anisotropic star in $f(T)$ theory of gravity. The dynamical equations in $f(T)$ theory with the anisotropic fluid have been solved by using Krori-Barua solution. We have determined that all the obtained solutions are free from central singularity and potentially stable. The observed values of mass and radius of the different strange stars RX J 1856-37, Her X-1, and Vela X-12 have been used to calculate the values of unknown constants in Krori and Barua metric. The physical parameters like anisotropy, stability and redshift of the stars have been investigated in detail.Comment: Accepted in the Canadian Journal of Physic

Research-Oriented Teaching and Students’ Academic Performance: Perception of University Teachers

The role of teacher and teaching methodology is very important to transfer knowledge and content to students. The traditional ways of teaching make the students passive listeners and knowledge observers only.  Now a day’s trend of teaching has been changed from traditional ways to research oriented teaching.  These reforms in teaching- learning environment make the students more critical, innovative, problem solvers and active learners. Now students under the guidance of the teachers engage themselves in research related and problem solving activities and find out the solutions of the problems.  This paper intended to find out the perception of teachers regarding the effect of research oriented teaching strategies on the performance of university students. Data were collected from 100 university faculty members of five public cadre universities by employing convenient sampling technique. The results of data analysis showed that teachers were aware about the mode of research oriented teaching. Results of regression analysis also made it clear that students’ performance was affected by teacher’s research oriented teaching

Weak versus strong no-slip boundary conditions for the NavierStokes equations.

ABSTRACT We investigate the accuracy aspects of weak boundary conditions for the Navier-Stokes equations. As a model problem, the linear advection-diffusion equation for a boundary layer problem is analyzed. The analysis shows that the weak boundary conditions are advantageous compared with the strong boundary conditions. We exemplify the analysis of the advectiondiffusion problem by doing Navier-Stokes calculations and show that most of the conclusions for the model problem hold also for that case