Rural Credit and Rural Development: Some Issues

Credit plays an important role in acquiring command over the use of working capital, fixed capital, and consumption goods that leads to growth and development of a country. The paper investigates that the role of non-institutional sources is quite clearly borne out. The price paid for institutional credit in Pakistan Kept low by the government. Institutional credit reforms implemented has not been effective. There is a great need to have the land reforms prior to credit reforms. The importance of social and economic infrastructure needs to be addressed. Appropriate use of new credit should be assured. Proper credit policy be designed and implemented.

Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties of Silver Nanocomposites

Nanoparticles and polymers in their respective fields have contributed greatly in the form of science and hence in daily life application products. But due to lack in emerging technologies for developing silver nanocomposites with polymers and other materials, the nanoparticle-based products have conquered little less attention. Hereby, an effort is made to put a light on already developed functional materials containing silver nanoparticles and also to look forward their scope in daily life applications. A little more insight into antimicrobial properties of such materials will also be elaborated. Finally, the optimal amounts of silver that cannot be health hazardous to living being especially human and overall environmental impacts of Nanocomposites are presented

Varying degrees of advanced heart blocks in association with acute inferior myocardial infarction

Acute inferior myocardial infarction (MI) is often associated with heart blocks as acute occlusion of the right coronary artery (RCA) compromises flow to sinoatrial nodal and atrioventricular nodal branches that arise from the proximal and distal parts of RCA, respectively. This phenomenon can happen in up to 20% of the cases, is usually transient and rarely requires pacemaker implantation. Still, when present, it raises alarms and poses significant monitoring and management challenges to the physicians. We report a similar case where the patient presented with inferior MI complicated by complete heart block. The patient went through varying degrees of advanced heart blocks before finally reverting to normal sinus rhythm. Subsequent coronary angiogram showed total thrombotic occlusion of proximal RCA. To the best of our knowledge, such a case has not been described before in literature where a complete array of heart blocks is reported in the context of acute MI. This case illustrates the importance of recognizing advanced heart blocks in acute MI. Although usually transient, these arrhythmias need careful monitoring during the initial days after MI

Investigating the Effect of Losing Customers and Reputation on the Supply Chain of Brand Marketing (Case Study: Pegah Company Products Consumers)

Abstract- The purpose of this research is to Investigating the Effect of losing customers and reputation on the supply chain of brand marketing (case study: Pegah products consumers). The present study is an applied research. The statistical population of this research is the customers of Pegah products. Given the unlimited size of the statistical population, the sample size is 384 people. The sampling method is also available. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts and the reliability of the questionnaires with the help of Cronbach's alpha coefficient for brand marketing of 0.878 and 0.801 for organization's reputation. To analyze the data collection using Amos software, the results show that the supply chain of brand marketing has an effect on organizational reputation. Keywords: Brand marketing, supply chain, Organizational reputation, customer, Pegah products

A CASE-CONTROL RESEARCH TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES BETWEEN EXPERIMENTAL & CONTROL GROUPS ABOUT PULMONARY FUNCTIONS

Objective: Our aim of this research was to compare and assess the variations in the pulmonary functions before physical exertion and after physical exertion in the healthy young adults. Methods: We conducted this case-control research at Mayo Hospital, Lahore from January to June 2017 on a total of 292 students who were in the age bracket of eighteen to twenty-four years. We measured the baseline values of the (FVC) forced vital capacity and (FEV – I) forced expiratory volume and proportions through digital spirometer. Research sample had a subdivision to assess the functioning of lungs of Group – I and II respectively including 192 and 100 volunteers taken as cases and controls. Group I and II observed regular thirty minutes aerobic exercise and no physical exertion routine respectively. Exercise pattern of Group – I included five days daily exercise in a week which continued for eight consecutive weeks. Final outcomes analysis completed through social statistical software (SPSS). Result: After completion of eight weeks an increase was evident in FEV – I from (2.49 ± 0.82) litres to (2.59 ± 0.79) litres; whereas, a decline in the FVC volume from (2.80 ± 0.92) litres to (2.7 ± 0.87) litres. The FEV – I to FVC ratio was (89.52 ± 12.66) : (95.56 ± 13.42) in the participants of Group – I. Conclusion: No doubt, physical actively positively improved the pulmonary functions as reported in Group – I participants who underwent aerobic exercise pattern five days a week for a period of eight weeks. Keywords: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV – I), Pulmonary, Lungs, Liters and Aerobics

Rural Credit and Rural Development: Some Issues

Credit is an important instrument of acquiring command over the use of working capital, fixed capital and consumption goods. In the wake of Green Revolution, land and labour have receded into the background as predominant factors of growth. Use of capital and adoption of modern techniques of production which have become major sources of growth of agricultural output necessitate access to credit markets for financing their use. Institutional sources of credit have become quite significant during the last few years. The rapid expansion of credit from institutional sources can be seen from various indicators. The total disbursement of agricultural loans has gone up from Rs. 306.75 million in 1972-73 to Rs. 5,102.14 million in 1981-82. On a per acre basis, the loans increased from Rs. 7.33 in 1972-73 to Rs. 106.83 in 1981-82. In this perspective, the disparities in income and wealth in rural areas would crucially depend on the distribution of capital among farms of different sizes and occupational groups. Neglecting equitable distribution of credit as a policy instrument for rural income redistribution may be a serious omission by the policy makers interested in an improvement of rural equity

Factors Affecting the Impulse Purchase Intentions for Luxury Pret

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of advertising cues, attitude, perceived price, and subjective norms on the impulse purchase intentions in the context of fashion pret. This study incorporated survey method for data collection and the 386 personally administered questionnaire were distributed among visitors from three high customer traffic malls in the provincial capital of the Province Punjab Lahore. However, 272 responses were used in SPSS 25 and Smart PLS-3 for data analysis. The result found that advertising cues, customer attitude, perceived price and subjective norms showed significantly positive impact on the impulse purchase intentions in the context of fashion pret. Further, this study offers contribution towards brand managers and advertisers particularly in the field of fashion industry. Policy makers may also find important references from this study to develop policy guidelines. Moreover, this study discussed some limitations while performing this research. Finally, this article offers future research suggestions for further development in this area.

Functions of Code-switching in Bilingual Classrooms

The significance of role of code switching and code mixing in classrooms where medium of instruction is second/foreign language is approved reality. Observations of bilingual/multilingual classrooms show that teachers use code switching and code mixing in different situations for different purposes. This study aims at knowing the functions of CS (code switching) and CM (code mixing), use teachers in classrooms and the significance of the functions. The data for this study would be collected from teachers, teaching at intermediate level, of government and private colleges, using survey technique. The data would be analyzed statistically using SPSS software. The finding of this study would develop awareness about the use of CS and CM in bilingual classrooms. This study is significant as it would create flexibility in teaching methodologies of teachers. Keywords: Code, Code switching, code mixing, SL, F

Predictors and Consequences of Human Resource Outsourcing; A Quantitative study of Higher educational institution of Baluchistan, Pakistan

Human Resource Outsourcing has become one of the familiar thoughts to the media and business terms. This research is focused on the predictor and consequences of human resource outsourcing in educational institutions. Further, it helped us to establish a framework which would clearly highlight the factors and consequences of human resource outsourcing in educational institution of Baluchistan “Quetta”, Pakistan along with advantages and disadvantages of Human resource outsourcing policies. The Baluchistan was taken for research because this province has very less literacy rate. The research comprises very latest empirical and theoretical work which directly addresses the predictors and consequences of Human Resource outsourcing. Human resource outsourcing positively increases these effects in higher educational institutions. The study found that human resource outsourcing has negative effect on time management and communication issues in higher educational Institutions thus it can be said because of human resource outsourcing organizations may feel time management conflicts and communication issues among their employees. The results of 2 sample t test concluded that human resource outsourcing level does not differ in public and private institutes of Quetta, Baluchistan