14 research outputs found
Simulations of Glitches in Isolated Pulsars
Many radio pulsars exhibit glitches wherein the star's spin rate increases
fractionally by . Glitches are ascribed to variable
coupling between the neutron star crust and its superfluid interior. With the
aim of distinguishing among different theoretical explanations for the glitch
phenomenon, we study the response of a neutron star to two types of
perturbations to the vortex array that exists in the superfluid interior: 1)
thermal motion of vortices pinned to inner crust nuclei, initiated by sudden
heating of the crust, (e.g., a starquake), and 2) mechanical motion of
vortices, (e.g., from crust cracking by superfluid stresses). Both mechanisms
produce acceptable fits to glitch observations in four pulsars, with the
exception of the 1989 glitch in the Crab pulsar, which is best fit by the
thermal excitation model. The two models make different predictions for the
generation of internal heat and subsequent enhancement of surface emission. The
mechanical glitch model predicts a negligible temperature increase. For a pure
and highly-conductive crust, the thermal glitch model predicts a surface
temperature increase of as much as 2%, occurring several weeks after the
glitch. If the thermal conductivity of the crust is lowered by a high
concentration of impurities, however, the surface temperature increases by
10% about a decade after a thermal glitch. A thermal glitch in an impure
crust is consistent with the surface emission limits following the January 2000
glitch in the Vela pulsar. Future surface emission measurements coordinated
with radio observations will constrain glitch mechanisms and the conductivity
of the crust.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, submitted to MNRA
A study of the perceived risks, benefits and barriers to the use of SDD in adult critical care units (the SuDDICU study)
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008
SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Evaluation and management of recurrent urinary tract infections in children: state of the art
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent an important cause of febrile illness in young children and can lead to renal scarring and kidney failure. However, diagnosis and treatment of recurrent UTI in children is an area of some controversy. Guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and European Society of Paediatric Radiology differ from each other in terms of the diagnostic algorithm to be followed. Treatment of vesicoureteral reflux and antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of recurrent UTI are also areas of considerable debate. In this review, we collate and appraise recently published literature in order to formulate evidence-based guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent UTI in children