The Occurence of Fusarium fungi in Finland

Sarja Kasvitaudit n:o 102vokkirjasto Aj-KSuomesta tavatut Fusarium -siene

Seismic attribute benchmarking on instantaneous frequency

The complex seismic trace analysis is a widely applied and versatile method for computing seismic attributes. Instantaneous frequency is an important complex trace attribute, and it is generally used for identifying specific seismic events, such as abnormal attenuation and thin bed tuning. Although the definition itself is clear, in practice, the calculation varies considerably and deviates from the definition. As a result, there is little consistency in the calculation of the instantaneous frequency. We thus adopt a robust and reliable scientific process to objectively compare various implementations of the instantaneous frequency. To this end, we start by reviewing four classic algorithms for instantaneous frequency computation and efficient approximations and point out several issues and weaknesses of these algorithms. Then, the theoretical foundation for the instantaneous frequency of the sum of two sinusoids is derived from the original definition. With the above foundations, two synthetic test data sets of seismic traces, with varying frequencies and fixed amplitudes, are generated. Their synthetic ground truth instantaneous frequencies are automatically calculated by an analytic formula. In addition, regions that exhibit algorithmically interesting issues are segmented from the whole data sets and considered specifically in the proposed quality metrics. The evaluation includes four classic noncommercial algorithms and four commercial software implementations. Their quantitative and qualitative results indicate the effectiveness of the synthesized data sets and the quality metrics for instantaneous frequency evaluations. It is hoped that the inclusion of instantaneous frequency in the free academic benchmarking web service A3Mark will help to improve instantaneous frequency algorithms throughout the industry

Mammographic image quality in relation to positioning of the breast: A multicentre international evaluation of the assessment systems currently used, to provide an evidence base for establishing a standardised method of assessment

Introduction Optimum mammography positioning technique is necessary to maximise cancer detection. Current criteria for mammography appraisal lack reliability and validity with a need to develop a more objective system. We aimed to establish current international practice in assessing image quality (IQ), of screening mammograms then develop and validate a reproducible assessment tool. Methods A questionnaire sent to centres in countries undertaking population screening identified practice, participants for an expert panel (EP) of radiologists/radiographers and a testing panel (TP) of radiographers. The EP developed category criteria and descriptors using a modified Delphi process to agree definitions. The EP scored 12 screening mammograms to test agreement then a main set of 178 cases. Weighted scores were derived for each descriptor enabling calculation of numerical parameters for each new category. The TP then scored the main set. Statistical analysis included ANOVA, t-tests and Kendall's coefficient. Results 11 centres in 8 countries responded forming an EP of 7 members and TP of 44 members. The EP showed moderate agreement when the scoring the mini test set W = 0.50 p < 0.001 and the main set W = 0.55 p < 0.001, ‘posterior nipple line’ being the most difficult descriptor. The weighted total scores differentiated the 4 new categories Perfect, Good, Adequate and Inadequate (p < 0.001). Conclusion We have developed an assessment tool by Delphi consensus and weighted consensus criteria. We have successfully tabulated a range of numerical scores for each new category providing the first validated and reproducible mammography IQ scoring system

Individual Music Therapy for Mental Health Care Clients With Low Therapy Motivation: Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Music therapy (MT) has been shown to be efficacious for mental health care clients with various disorders such as schizophrenia, depression and substance abuse. Referral to MT in clinical practice is often based on other factors than diagnosis. We aimed to examine the effectiveness of resource-oriented MT for mental health care clients with low motivation for other therapies. METHOD: This was a pragmatic parallel trial. In specialised centres in Norway, Austria and Australia, 144 adults with non-organic mental disorders and low therapy motivation were randomised to 3 months of biweekly individual, resource-oriented MT plus treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU alone. TAU was typically intensive (71% were inpatients) and included the best combination of therapies available for each participant, excluding MT. Blinded assessments of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and 15 secondary outcomes were collected before randomisation and after 1, 3 and 9 months. Changes were analysed on an intention-to-treat basis using generalised estimating equations in longitudinal linear models, controlling for diagnosis, site and time point. RESULTS: MT was superior to TAU for total negative symptoms (SANS, d = 0.54, p \u3c 0.001) as well as functioning, clinical global impressions, social avoidance through music, and vitality (all p \u3c 0.01). CONCLUSION: Individual MT as conducted in routine practice is an effective addition to usual care for mental health care clients with low motivation