Eksistensi Pendidikan Islam Al-Azhar: Sejarah Sosial Kelembagaan Al-Azhar dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kemajuan Pendidikan Islam Era Modernisasi di Mesir

Perkembangan pendidikan islam al-Azhar tak luput dari pengaruh sejarah sosial yang terkait pada masa itu. Adapun sejarah sosial pendidikan Islam era reformasi dan modern di al-Azhar dapat disimpulkan dalam beberapa hal. Pertama, latar belakang sosial al-Azhar. Dinasti Fatimiyah menjadikan Mesir sebagai pusat pemerintahan. Kemudian berdiri pula Dinasti Ayyubiyah di Mesir yang berpaham Sunni berdampak bagi perkembangan Al-Azhar. Di samping itu muncul pula Napoleon Bonaparte yang kemudian menguasai Mesir yang turut berdampak bagi perkembangan Al-Azhar. Kedua, latar belakang terjadinya pembaruan di Al-Azhar karena; bergesernya paham rasional Syi\u27ah pada ortodoksi ideologi Sunni; invasi Napoleon Bonaparte dari Prancis yang mengalahkan Kerajaan Turki Usmani di Mesir dalam waktu yang cepat; dan persentuhan peradaban Prancis yang dibawa Napoleon pada pendidikan di Al-Azhar. Ketiga, tokoh dan ide pembaruan di Al-Azhar di Mesir dipelopori oleh Muhammad Ali Pasya, Muhammad Abduh, dan Muhammad Rasyid Ridha yang berusaha melukakan reformasi dan modernisasi di Al-Azhar dengan mamasukkan kurikulum-kurikulum dari Barat. Umat Islam dalam pandangan mereka harus keluar dari ketertinggalan melalui pembukaan kembali pemikiran rasional dan membuka diri terhadap peradaban modern yang ada di Barat seperti yang dibawa oleh Napoleon Bonaparte dari Prancis

Lembaga pendidikan tinggi Al-Azhar : Mengenang peradaban islam masa Fatimiyah 297-567 H/909-1171 M

Al-Azhar merupakan salah satu lembaga pendidikan kebanggaan ummat Islam. Sejarah telah mencatat betapa eksistensi Al-Azhar dari masa awal Dinasti Fatimiyah hingga hari ini menyimpan banyak cerita yang sangat menarik. Tidak hanya itu, Al-Azhar juga berkontribusi sangat besar pada perkembangan peradaban dan intelektual Islam. Banyak ilmuan-ilmuan besar yang lahir dari sana. Satu hal yang tak kalah penting adalah bahwa ternyata sistem pendidikan yang ada di Al-Azhar ternyata di adopsi oleh lembaga pendidikan yang ada di Negara-negara Barat. Oleh karenanya tulisan ini akan coba mengungkap kembali historis Al-Azhar pada masa Dinasti Fatimiyah, sejarah berdirinya, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dan sistem pendidikannya

Conflict and Cooperation between the State and Religious Institutions in Contemporary Egypt

Al-Azhar, traditionally Egypt’s most respected and influential center for Islamic study, adopted an increasingly bold platform opposing Egyptian government policy throughout the mid-1990s. Al-Azhar defied government policy on a variety of sensitive issues, including population control, the practice of clitoridectomy, and censorship rights. Moreover, al-Azhar directly challenged the government in high-profile forums such as the United Nations International Conference on Population and Development, held in Cairo in September of 1994. This open opposition was remarkable in light of the tremendous capacity that the Egyptian government has shown in the past to manipulate and control al-Azhar. Over the past century, and particularly since the 1952 Free Oficers’ coup, the Egyptian government virtually incorporated al-Azhar as an arm of the state through purges and control over Azhar finances, and by gaining the power to appoint al-Azhar’s key leadership. Presidents Gamal Abdel Nasser, Anwar Sadat, and Husni Mubarak all benefited from this dominance over al-Azhar by securing fatwas legitimating their policies. Given this overwhelming leverage, what can explain al-Azhar’s increased opposition to the government throughout the mid-1990s

Die Al-Azhar : ihre Geschichte, Funktion und Organisation unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer germanistischen Abteilungen / von Muhammad Abu-Hattab Khaled

Die ägyptische Al-Azhar Universität feierte in März des Jahres 1983 ihr tausendjähriges Gründungsjubiläum. Chronologisch ist dieses Jubiläum allerdings etwas umstritten. In Wahrheit sind seit der Gründung der Al-Azhar nämlich keine 1000, sondern bereits 1013 Jahre verstrichen. Die Bauarbeiten an der Al-Azhar Moschee hatten bereits im April 970 angefangen. Die tausend Jahre verstehen sich somit als Beginn des eigentlichen Studienbetriebs an der Al-Azhar, die als Institution einige Jahre älter ist. Schon im Jahre 1942 hatte eine 1000-Jahrfeier an der Al-Azhar abgehalten werden sollen. Laut islamischem Mondkalender waren in eben diesem Jahr 1000 Mondjahre vergangen, doch die Ereignisse des 2. Weltkrieges, in den ja auch Ägypten verwickelt war, machten jede Hoffnung auf dies bezügliche Feierlichkeiten zunichte. Die Al-Azhar-Universität nennt sich die älteste Universität der Welt, durchaus mit Recht. Wenngleich man zugeben muß, daß schon lange vor der Gründung der Al-Azhar, Schulen und Akademien für das Studium aller Wissensgebiete existierten, von denen die bedeutendsten gerade hier in Ägypten angesiedelt waren. Man denke nur an die altägyptische Akademie von On, welcher Ort später von den Griechen Heliopolis genannt wurde, oder an die berühmte antike Akademie von Alexandrien. Es ist somit kein Zufall, daß nach der Ausbreitung des Islam eben hier im Niltal das erste große islamische Wissenszentrum gegründet wurde. ..

Playing games with EPR-type experiments

An approach towards quantum games is proposed that uses the unusual probabilities involved in EPR-type experiments directly in two-player games.Comment: Submitted to the J. Phys. A: Maths & Gen., revised in the light of referees' comments, 14 pages, no figur

MANAJEMEN STRATEGI PENINGKATAN MUTU EKSTRAKURIKULER TAHFIDZ AL-QUR’AN DI SMA ISLAM AL-AZHAR 22 CIKARANG KABUPATEN BEKASI

This study aims to determine management strategies in improving the quality of extracurricular tahfidz Al-Qur'an at SMA Islam Al-Azhar 22 Cikarang. The focus of this research is how to plan strategic management to improve the quality of tahfidz extracurriculars at Al-Azhar 22 Islamic High School Cikarang, implement management strategies to improve the quality of tahfidz extracurriculars at Al-Azhar 22 Islamic High School Cikarang, and evaluate management strategies for improving the quality of tahfidz extracurriculars at Islamic High Schools. Al-Azhar 22 Cikarang. This study used a qualitative method which took the research location at SMA Islam Al-Azhar 22 Cikarang. Data collection methods are observation, interviews, documentation. The results of this study indicate that to improve the quality of tahfidz extracurricular activities at Al-Azhar 22 Islamic High School Cikarang there are several programs that have been implemented, namely, the 6SQ program, Tahfidz supercamp activities, in collaboration with the tahfidz institution Raudhatul Jannah, holding MABIT activities (Night of Faith and Taqwa) . This effort was made so that Al-Azhar Islamic High School can achieve the goals set in its vision and mission, namely to make Al-Azhar 22 Cikarang Islamic High School students the Qur'anic generatio

Knowledge-based systems that determine the appropriate students major: In the faculty of engineering and information technology

In this paper a Knowledge-Based System (KBS) for determining the appropriate students major according to his/her preferences for sophomore student enrolled in the Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology in Al-Azhar University of Gaza was developed and tested. A set of predefined criterions that is taken into consideration before a sophomore student can select a major is outlined. Such criterion as high school score, score of subject such as Math I, Math II, Electrical Circuit I, and Electronics I taken during the student freshman year, number of credits passed, student cumulative grade point average of freshman year, among others, were then used as input data to KBS. KBS was designed and developed using Simpler Level Five (SL5) Object expert system language. KBS was tested on three generation of sophomore students from the Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology of the Al-Azhar University, Gaza. The results of the evaluation show that the KBS is able to correctly determine the appropriate students major without errors