An Idea of Said Nursi's Islamic Educational Reform in the Risale-I Nur

This study aims to answer and analyze the reform of Said Nursi's Islamic educational thought. Curriculum reform, methods and ideal educational goals shape morals and increase spirituality and knowledge. This research was conducted using an educational philosophy approach with the library method. As for the analysis, the researcher used the content analysis method. The data consists of primary and secondary data. Primary sources provide data directly from the first sources in Nursi's works. Secondary sources use the Al-Qur'an, hadith, books, journals, and articles. Data analysis identifies similarities, differences, or patterns from the data obtained. The findings of this study are that Nursi's educational reform model regarding curriculum is an integrated curriculum, namely the madrasah curriculum, mekteb, and tekke curriculum. By practising Faith-Science, debriefing, and comparison, a person will obtain quality knowledge and be pious morally and spiritually. Education aims to produce intellectual intellectuals. Based on the three findings above, it can be concluded that Said Nursi has brought renewal, as in Risale-l-Nur, from the conservative typology of Islamic educational thought that was developing at that time to the rational-religious typology of spiritual education oriented towards spiritual, moral and intellectual development of students, in an integrated manner

Comparison of Hydrothermal Method and Ultrasonic Method in Zeolite Synthesis and Investigation of Catalytic Activities of Synthesized Zeolites

In this study, ZSM-5 and beta zeolites, which constitutes the most industrially important artificial zeolite species., were synthesized and the effects of synthesized zeolite in catalytic cracking were investigated. ZSM-5 and beta zeolite were synthesized by varying synthesis time, synthesis method and calcination temperatures. The composition of the synthesis was kept constant and than compared with ultrasonic method and hydrothermal method. ZSM-5 and beta zeolite derivatives were synthesized with changing the synthesis method. Beta zeolite is obtained as a result of the synthesis with low temperature in 20 minutes with using of ultrasonic method. On the other hand, ZSM-5 zeolite is achieved at the end of the synthesis with high temperature in 72 hours with using of hidrotermal method. The X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) patterns and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of ZSM-5 zeolites showed that the crystal structure and phase purity of ZSM-5 increased with increase in synthesis time and not affected by the calcination temperature. Otherwise, the crystal structure and phase purity of beta zeolite increased with increase in calcination temperature. To determine the catalytic performances of the products, the catalytic cracking processes were performed. First of all, thermal cracking was realized without catalyst for comparison with the others. Then, catalytic cracking was carried out with CaO, Al2O3, SiO2, natural zeolite, ZSM-5 and beta zeolite. Compairing the results, the catalytic efficiency of the synthesized products were higher than the others. Yield of over 70 % was obtained with synthesized ZSM-5 and zeolite beta

THE USE OF SPECTRAL ENTROPY OF EEG TO PREDICT ANESTHESIA DEPTH ON THE DSPIC BASED SYSTEM

Anestezi derinliği ölçmek için birçok EEG (Elektroensaflogram) analiz yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. Bu yöntemlerin tümü çevrim dışı tabanlı olduğundan, gerçek zaman tabanlı yöntemlerin geliştirilmesine hala gereksinim vardır. Çalışmadaki amaç, derin anestezi ve uyanıklık durumlarının değerlendirilmesi için gerçek zaman dsPIC tabanlı EEG analiz sistemi geliştirmektir. Gerçek hipnogram değerleri ve hesaplanmış EEG tabanlı ölçümler arasında benzerlikler olduğu gösterilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmanın anestezi izleme aygıtı geliştirmek için yeterli birikime sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Many of the EEG analysis methods are used to monitor the depth of anesthesia. All of these methods are off-line based; therefore, the real-time based methods still need to be developed. Our aim is to develop a real-time dsPIC based EEG analysis system for evaluating of deep anesthesia and of awake states. It was shown that there were quite similarities between the actual hypnogram values and the calculated EEG based measures. Consequently, we could say that this study has enough potential application to develop an anesthesia monitoring device

Simultaneous Determination of Cyclosporine A, Tacrolimus, Sirolimus, and Everolimus in Whole-Blood Samples by LC-MS/MS

Objectives. Cyclosporine A (CyA), tacrolimus (TRL), sirolimus (SIR), and everolimus (RAD) are immunosuppressive drugs frequently used in organ transplantation. Our aim was to confirm a robust sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for determination of CyA, TRL, SIR, and RAD in whole-blood samples. Materials and Methods. We used an integrated online solid-phase extraction-LC-MS/MS system and atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry (API-MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) detection mode. CyA, TRL, SIR, and RAD were simultaneously analyzed in whole blood treated with precipitation reagent taken from transplant patients. Results. System performance parameters were suitable for using this method as a high-throughput technique in clinical practice. The high concentration of one analyte in the sample did not affect the concentration of other analytes. Total analytical time was 2.5 min, and retention times of all analytes were shorter than 2 minutes. Conclusion. This LC-MS/MS method can be preferable for therapeutic drug monitoring of these immunosuppressive drugs (CyA, TRL, SRL, and RAD) in whole blood. Sample preparation was too short and simple in this method, and it permits robust, rapid, sensitive, selective, and simultaneous determination of these drugs

BELÇİKA’DA İLK VE ORTA ÖĞRETİMDE OKUTULAN İSLÂM DİN DERSİ PROGRAMLARI

Belçika İslâm dinini resmen tanıyan bir Batı Avrupa ülkesidir. Bu nedenle 1974 yılından bu yana ilk ve orta dereceli okullarda diğer din dersleri gibi İslâm din dersi de okutulmaktadır. Şu ana kadar İslâm din dersi için resmî bir program bulunmamaktadır. Bu yazıda, önce çok kısa olarak Belçika eğitim sistemi ve ilk ve orta dereceli okullarda okutulan din ve ahlâk dersleri hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve daha sonra da İslâm din dersinin öğretim programlarının nasıl hazırlanması gerektiği açıklanmıştır. Program geliştirme sürecinde eğitim bilimlerinin ortaya koyduğu kurallara uymak gerekmektedir. Bunun için İslâm din dersi programından sorumlu olan Belçika Müslümanları Yürütme Kurulu tarafından bir komisyon toplanmalıdır

TUNUS’DA iLK VE ORTA DERECELi OKULLARDAKi DiN öĞRETiMi DERS PROGRAMLARI

Günümüz dünyası hızlı değişimlere sahne olmaktadır. Ulaşım ve iletişim araçlarının gelişmesi dünyamızı küçültmüş, sorunlara ve olaylara uluslararası bir nitelik kazandırmıştır. Artık dünyanın herhangi bir bölgesinde meydana gelen bir olay, anında diğer ülkelerde duyulmakta, nedenleri tartışılmaktadır. Farklı ulusları bir araya getiren örgütler, tüm ulusları ilgilendiren kararlar almakta, dünya kamuoyunun oluşmasına neden olmaktadır. Dünya kamuoyu bazen o kadar etkili olmaktadır ki, uluslar kendi sorunları hakkında karar alırlarken dünya kamuoyunun etkisini göz önünde bulundurmak durumundadır

Up-to-Date Approach to the Treatment of Hypertension

Hypertension remains one of the most important medical problems in spite of significant medical advances. In many studies, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures have been found to be closely related with cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. The primary aim in the treatment of hypertension is to reduce CV disease risk and the related morbidity and mortality. Hypertension is one of the most common causes of death worldwide due to its high prevalence. Because it is thought that it will be an important public health problem in the future, as it is now, the need for developing new guidelines based on new studies emerges. Individualized treatment plans based on up-to-date guidelines would be the most appropriate approach for physicians. Herein, the current approach to the treatment of hypertension has been summarized in the light of recent guidelines

Update on Chronic Renal Failure and New Approaches in Hypertension In High Dose Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron System Blockage

Hypertension (HT) and chronic renal failure, which is one of the end organ damges of hypertension, is a very carnmon social program resulting in significat morbidty and mortality of HT. In uncompticated HT, the traget blood pressure should be below 140/90mmHg. This value even drops down to 125/75 mmHg in case of traget organ damange When the traget values cannot be achieved , anti hypertensive durg therpy should be arranged in addition to non pharmacological therapeutic approaches such as changes in life style. individualized therapy protocals are preffered today in drug selection instead of step therapy ,which was common 30-40 years ago, taking into account the adverse effects of drugs, and the diseases accompanying HT. In recent years it is demonstated that in especially patients with chronic renal failure accompanied by proteinuria. the combined or high dose use of drugs inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system delays development of the renal damage, and decreases mortality and morbidity. Today, high doses of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) drugs particularly used

Sperm Characteristics of Wild European Flounder (Platichthys flesus luscus)

The spermatologic characteristics of European flounder (Platichthys flesus luscus) were determined. Flounder were collected during the spawning season and sperm of eight males was extracted by abdominal massage. Body weight and total length of the flounder were measured, volume, motility, duration of motility, spermatocrit, density, and pH of the sperm were determined, and correlations between the spermatologic characteristics and weight and length were investigated. Mean values were 0.7±0.16 ml for sperm volume, 87.5±3.66% for motility, 22.0±1.49 min for duration of motility, 94.0±1.22% for spermatocrit, 2.7±0.16 × 109/ml for density, and 6.9±0.05 for pH. Body length and sperm volume had positive correlations with body weight (p<0.01), but the correlation between length and sperm volume was negative (p<0.01). Likewise, the correlations between spermatocrit and total length, sperm volume, and density were negative (p<0.05)