On the case and possible origin of double human inhumation in the backyard of a private house in the city of Tver

The buried remains of two women found in the backyard of a private house in the city of Tver, Russia, have been investigated. Although both deceased have been buried without coffins and under the floor of a wooden building, their skeletal remains do not show any traces of criminal misconduct leading to their death. The results of the examination performed on both skeletons and accompanying archaeological material suggest that both women most probably died of natural causes during the occupation of Tver by German troops from October to December, 1941

Molecular dynamics simulations of non-equilibrium systems

Peer reviewe

Human Osseal Remains from the Medieval Cemetery by Königsberg Cathedral (Kaliningrad, Russia)

Osseal remains of fourteenth human individuals discovered near Königsberg Cathedral (Kaliningrad, Russia) are described. Data on age at death, stature, diseases and traumas is provided. The possible close kinship of several buried is hypothesized

Effect of the electronic subsystem excitation on the ionisation probability of atoms sputtered from metals by atomic and molecular projectiles

In the present work an effect of excitation of the metal electronic subsystem on the ionisation probability of atoms sputtered under fast ion bombardment has been studied. Atomic and molecular primary ions with the same velocity were used to produce different degrees of the electronic excitations. Information on the ionisation probability was obtained from the kinetic energy distributions of Nb+ and Ta+ ions sputtered from the respective clean Nb and Ta targets by Au-m(-) projectiles (1 less than or equal tom less than or equal to3) with the energy of E-0 = 6 keV per atom. It was found that, as compared with the atomic ion bombardment (m = 1), the molecular one (m = 2,3) leads to the increase of the ionisation probability P-m(+) (P-1(+) < P-2(+) < P-3(+)). Such an effect depends on the kinetic energy E of the secondary ions, increasing with decreasing E. It was shown that the bombardment of metals by the molecular projectiles produces non-additive sputtering of atomic ions, which is determined by the joint action of such two factors as non-additive sputtering of atoms and non-additive process of their charge state formation. The results obtained are discussed in the framework of the model where the charge state formation occurs in electron exchange between sputtered atoms and a local surface area excited by the impact of the projectile. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved