Impact of nanoparticles on dendritic cells.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal in the initiation of the adaptive immune response. DCs undergo maturation, a process central to their functioning, where immature DCs ingest protein antigens and mature DCs present peptides to naive T cells. Various types of nanoparticles (NPs) can influence the process of DC maturation and by that the immune response. Chemical composition, size, and surface modification have been shown to affect DC maturation; chemical composition and size effects on the direction (Th1/Th2/Th17) of the immune response have been observed. Further studies studying series of NP are required to further delineate the particle characteristics that determine these effects

Analyzing powers of inelastic dp scattering in the energy region of Delta and Roper resonances excitation

A study of inelastic scattering of polarized 3.73 GeV/c deuterons on protons in the energy region of the Roper N*(1440) and the {DELTA}(1232) resonances excitation has been performed in an exclusive experiment at LNS (Laboratoire National SATURNE, Saclay, France) using the SPES-{pi} setup.Tensor and vector analyzing powers of pion production for the reactions d + p {\to} d + n + pi^{+}, d + p {\to} d + p + pi^{0}, d + p {\to} d + N + pi pi have been measured as functions of the squared deuteron 4-momentum transfer t, of the effective mass of the subsystems (N pi), (N pi pi) and of the pion emission angle. A strong dependence of these analyzing powers upon the pion emission angle is observed. It is found that A_{yy} values for the considered reaction channels are systematically larger than the known inclusive {p (d, d {\prime}) X} world data at the nearest beam energy

Orientation-selective DEER using rigid spin labels, cofactors, metals, and clusters

The dipolar interaction between two paramagnetic centres depends upon their spin–spin distance and relative orientation. Generally most experiments are carried out under conditions where the DEER signal only reports on the spin–spin distances and, for this type of data, sophisticated analysis methods for obtaining distance distributions have been developed. Recently there have been an increasing number of studies on systems where the DEER signals depend upon both distance and spin pair orientation. These investigations have relied on the use of rigid spin labels (those with a well-defined spatial position) and/or spectrometers operating at Q-band frequencies and above capable of performing DEER experiments with high resolution and sensitivity. In this article we discuss in detail orientation-selective DEER experiments for which the modulation depth and the dipolar frequencies depend on the relative orientation of the two paramagnetic centres and the distance. Analysis of the data in the presence of distance and orientation distributions is discussed, and representative examples from the literature are given for systems containing spin labels, organic cofactors, metals, and metal clusters

A High-Conversion-Factor, Double-Resonance Structure for High-Field Dynamic Nuclear Polarization

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