Determination of the responsibility of delay in the context of airline business model: A case of American Airlines and Southwest Airlines

The main factor in the airline transport service being the reason for the choice is the place and time benefit it provides. Delays are negative situations that disrupt the time utility, reduce airlines' profits, cause congestion trouble and disrupt tariff plans. The first part of the study consists of information about delays and fundamental issues related to delays. In the second part, it has been tried to summarize the studies on the slot, which is directly related to the delays. In the last part, two airlines that adopted different business models, full-service carrier and low-cost carrier, were compared based on delay reasons. The study aims to determine the causes of delay and their predictive roles comparatively. We have used the multiple hierarchical regression model for this purpose. American Airlines and Southwest Airlines were selected as full-service carrier and low-cost carrier, respectively. We have determined that even though Southwest Airlines is a low-cost carrier, and more punctual than American Airlines, delays stemming from the carrier play a greater role in overall delays than American Airlines

Microinvasive Germ Cell Tumor of the Testis: Two Cases

We reported two cases of microinvasive seminoma. One is alone and one is with classical seminoma. There was no macroscopic palpable mass. Both of them had risk factors as undescended testicle and microlithiasis. Both of them treated with orchiectomy. None of them had relapse after. Herein we reported two cases after getting written consent. We also reviewed the literature

Does Previous Open Nephrolithotomy Affect the Success and Complications Rate of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy?

Objective To investigate the differences between the results of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for stone relapse in patients who previously underwent open surgery for renal stones and those in patients undergoing surgery for the first time. Materials and Methods Patients who underwent PCNL for renal stones bigger than 2 cm between the years 2009 and 2012 were evaluated. Stone size, length of the procedure, number of access, period of catheterization, length of hospital stay, complications, and stone-free rates were evaluated. Results A total of 64 patients included in the study. Twenty-seven had previously undergone open surgery for renal stones (group 1) and 37 underwent surgery for the first time (group 2). There was no significant difference between the groups in age and stone size. Seven (25.9%) patients in group 1 and 6 (18.2%) patients in group 2 had more than one access (p=0.628). In group 1; 2 patients (7.4%) had grade 2 and 3 patients (11.1%) had grade 3 complications. In group 2; 4 patients (10.8%) had grade 2 and 7 patients (18.9%) had grade 3 complications. The stone-free rate was 14 (51.8%) in group 1 and 23 (62.2%) in group 2. The rate of clinically insignificant residual stones was 8 (29.6%) in group 1 and 5 (13.5%) in group 2. The success rate of PCNL procedure in group 1 was 81.5% and 75.7% in group 2 (p=0.161). Conclusion PCNL is a good option for patients who had a previous open surgery for renal stones as well as for patients undergoing surgery for the first time

New morpholine‐liganded palladium(II) N

A series of the morpholine-liganded palladium(II) complexes (1a-e) bearing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) functionalized by benzonitrile were synthesized. These complexes were synthesized from (NHC)Pd(II)(pyridine) complexes (PEPPSI) and morpholine. The new complexes were fully characterized by using H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis techniques. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to determine the structure of a derivative. The DNA-binding studies of the new (NHC)Pd(II)morpholine complexes were examined using the pBR322 plasmid. The 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl derivative compound has the most DNA binding activity. In addition, for the 3-methylbenzyl derivative compound, oxidation effects were observed at concentrations higher than 100 mu g/ml. Also, the molecular and crystal structures of the complex 3-methylbenzyl derivative compound were recorded by using a single-crystal X-ray diffraction method

New morpholine-liganded palladium(II) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, and DNA-binding studies

A series of the morpholine-liganded palladium(II) complexes (1a-e) bearing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) functionalized by benzonitrile were synthesized. These complexes were synthesized from (NHC)Pd(II)(pyridine) complexes (PEPPSI) and morpholine. The new complexes were fully characterized by using H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis techniques. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to determine the structure of a derivative. The DNA-binding studies of the new (NHC)Pd(II)morpholine complexes were examined using the pBR322 plasmid. The 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl derivative compound has the most DNA binding activity. In addition, for the 3-methylbenzyl derivative compound, oxidation effects were observed at concentrations higher than 100 mu g/ml. Also, the molecular and crystal structures of the complex 3-methylbenzyl derivative compound were recorded by using a single-crystal X-ray diffraction method

Clinical and radiological findings in macroprolactinemia

WOS: 000303584800021PubMed: 22187359Hyperprolactinemia is the most common abnormality of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and radiological features of patients with macroprolactinemia. The study population consisted of patients with elevated serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations who presented to our Endocrinology outpatient clinic. Detection of macroprolactin (macroPRL) was performed using the polyethylene glycol precipitation method. Patients in which macroPRL made up more than 60% of total PRL levels were stratified into the macroPRL group, while the remaining patients were placed in the monomeric prolactin (monoPRL) group. A total of 337 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 33.8 +/- 10.8 (16-66) years and a male/female ratio of 29/308. Eighty-eight of the patients (26.1%) had an elevated macroPRL level. The mean age in the monoPRL group was higher than in the macroPRL group (35.0 +/- 10.1 vs. 30.7 +/- 9.8, P = 0.016). The mean PRL levels (ng/ml) in the macroPRL and monoPRL groups were similar (168.0 +/- 347.0 vs. 238.8 +/- 584.9, P = 0.239). Frequency of amenorrhea, infertility, irregular menses, gynecomastia, and erectile dysfunction were also similar in both groups. More patients in the macroPRL group were asymptomatic compared to the monoPRL group (30.2 vs. 12.0%, P = 0.006). Compared to the macroPRL group, the monoPRL group had a higher frequency of galactorrhea (39.2 vs. 57.1%, P = 0.04) and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings (65.3 vs. 81.1%, P = 0.02). Elevated macroPRL levels should be considered a pathological biochemical variant of hyperprolactinemia that may present with any of the conventional symptoms and radiological findings generally associated with elevated PRL levels

Retrospective Analysis of Postchemotheraphy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (PC-RPLND) Results in Patients with Non-Seminomatous Testicular Cancers

Objective Resection of residual masses after chemoteraphy in patients with nonseminomatous testicular cancer is recommended. In our study, we evaluated the patients’ data underwent post chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND). Materials and Methods Patients with advanced staged tumors and Non-seminomatous germ cells and having residual mass after chemotherapy whose tumor markers returned to normal were selected in the study. Pre-chemotherapy mass size, postchemoterapy mass size, decrease rate in the mass size, prognostic factors of local tumor, International Germ Cell Collaborative Clasification (IGCCC) risk groups, and teratoma existence in primary pathology, PC-RPLND pathologies were compared for fibrozis, teratoma or viable tumor presence. In addition, patients with and without intraoperative complications were compared in terms of the same parameters. Comparisons were conducted using Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 and p<0.05 was considered statistically significantResults Twenty six patients were included in the study. Respectively 4 (15%) viable tumors, 14 (54%) teratoma, 8 (31%) necrosis were observed in patients after PC-RPLND. No significant differences were observed in PC-RPLND pathology results in IGCCC risk groups depending on presence of teratoma in primary tumor or existence of more than 50% embryonal carcinoma after orchiectomy pathology. Teratoma in 6 of 8 patients with no decrease in the mass rate and viable tumor in 2 patients were detected. More than 90% reduction rate in the mass was detected in only one patient whose PC-RPLND pathology result was necrosis.There were no significant variations between complication developed and undeveloped patients in terms of mass size and live tumor existence. Conclusion Our data is consistent with the current literature. The mass size decrease rate, teratoma presence in orchiectomy material, IGCCC risk groups and local prognostic factors are not accurate predictive factors in determining the PCRPLND patholog

Retrospective Analysis of Postchemotheraphy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (PC-RPLND) Results in Patients with Non-Seminomatous Testicular Cancers

Objective Resection of residual masses after chemoteraphy in patients with nonseminomatous testicular cancer is recommended. In our study, we evaluated the patients’ data underwent post chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND). Materials and Methods Patients with advanced staged tumors and Non-seminomatous germ cells and having residual mass after chemotherapy whose tumor markers returned to normal were selected in the study. Pre-chemotherapy mass size, postchemoterapy mass size, decrease rate in the mass size, prognostic factors of local tumor, International Germ Cell Collaborative Clasification (IGCCC) risk groups, and teratoma existence in primary pathology, PC-RPLND pathologies were compared for fibrozis, teratoma or viable tumor presence. In addition, patients with and without intraoperative complications were compared in terms of the same parameters. Comparisons were conducted using Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 and p<0.05 was considered statistically significantResults Twenty six patients were included in the study. Respectively 4 (15%) viable tumors, 14 (54%) teratoma, 8 (31%) necrosis were observed in patients after PC-RPLND. No significant differences were observed in PC-RPLND pathology results in IGCCC risk groups depending on presence of teratoma in primary tumor or existence of more than 50% embryonal carcinoma after orchiectomy pathology. Teratoma in 6 of 8 patients with no decrease in the mass rate and viable tumor in 2 patients were detected. More than 90% reduction rate in the mass was detected in only one patient whose PC-RPLND pathology result was necrosis.There were no significant variations between complication developed and undeveloped patients in terms of mass size and live tumor existence. Conclusion Our data is consistent with the current literature. The mass size decrease rate, teratoma presence in orchiectomy material, IGCCC risk groups and local prognostic factors are not accurate predictive factors in determining the PCRPLND patholog