Evaluation of management of postpneumonic empyema thoracis in children

Background Empyema is a well-known sequelae of pneumonia, which is increasingly being reported in children despite strict management. The appropriate management remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate different management options of postpneumonic empyema in children.Materials and methods A total of 330 patients were reviewed between 2002 and 2012; their ages ranged from 1.25 to 15 years, with a median age of 4.3 years. The various management procedures included thoracentesis (n= 11), chest tube drainage (n= 229), chest tube drainage with intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy (n =117), video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) (n =35), and thoracotomy because of a trapped lung noted on admissions and failed procedures (n =94).Results Variable success rates were noted as follows: tube thoracotomy (48.24%), fibrinolytic treatment (68.37%), and VATS (85.71%). Postoperative complications (11.14%) included wound infection (n = 10), atelectasis (n= 18), delayed expansion (n= 7), and need for reoperation (n= 2). Four patients died (1.21%), two of them  following thoracotomy, one patient after fibrinolysis, and one patient following VATS. Patients treated with thoracotomy recovered completely.Conclusion New therapeutic modalities had variable success rates in children with postpneumonic empyema. Thoracotomy is still needed as a last resort for cases unresponsive to chemical fibrinolysis and following failed thoracoscopy.Keywords: decortication, empyema, fibrinolysis, thoracotom

Multidrug resistance mediated by MRP1 gene overexpression in breast cancer patients

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious handicap towards the effective treatment of breast cancer patients. One of the most prevalent MDR mechanisms is through the overexpression of genes coding the proteins called Multidrug Resistance-associated Proteins (MRPs). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of MRP1 in tumor tissues from breast cancer patients. In this study, a semi-quantitative RT-PCR approach was utilized. Our results suggest that MRP1 overexpression can mediate MDR in patients. Pre-evaluation of the level of such MDR mediators before chemotherapy can increase the efficacy of the treatment

Cultural Evolution of Immigrants of Afghanistan in Hatay/Ovakent

Toplumbilim ve kültür araştırmalarının bulgularına göre, çok kültürlü ortamdan bir başka kültürel ortama yerleşen topluluklar, egemen kültüre daha kolaylıkla uyum sağlamaktadır. Aynı tür araştırmalar, egemen kültür şemsiyesi altında yaşamış grupların diğer kültürlerle bütünleşmesinin hızlı gerçekleştiği, yani kültürel çeşitliliğe sahip grupların daha fazla çeşitlenmeye açık oldukları, farklı kültürlerle temastan kaçınmadıkları saptamasını yaparlar. Bu nitelikteki bir kültürel göçer grup olan Ovakent’teki Özbek göçerlerin Türk kültürüyle ilk teması sonrasında, onların kültürel değişimine yol açıp açmadığını; değişim söz konusuysa, bu değişimin hızını ve yönünü saptamayı hedefledik. Aynı zamanda, bu kültürel temas sonucunda yaşanan kültürleşme sürecinin, Berry’nin belirlediği hangi kültür(süz)leşme izlemi doğrultusunda geliştiğini veya hangisiyle nitelenebileceğini açıklamaya çalıştıkSocial science and cultural research show that communities settled in a cultural environment from a multicultural environment are easily adapted to the dominant culture. The same kind of research determines that the integration of groups living under the umbrella of sovereign culture with other cultures is rapid, that groups with cultural diversity are open to further diversification, and do not avoid contact with different cultures. We aimed to determine the speed and direction of this change in the case of change and tried to explain which acculturation strategy Berry had developed or could have been described as the acculturation process as a result of this cultural contact

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (E)-2-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzylidene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one

A novel chalcone, C20H20O, derived from benzylidenetetralone, was synthesized via Claissen-Schmidt condensation between tetralone and 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzaldehyde. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds, producing R-2(2)(20) and R-2(4)(12) ring motifs. In addition, weak C-H center dot center dot center dot pi and pi-stacking interactions are observed. The intermolecular interactions were investigated using Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots, revealing that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H center dot center dot center dot H (66.0%), H center dot center dot center dot C/C center dot center dot center dot H (22.3%), H center dot center dot center dot O/O center dot center dot center dot H (9.3%), and C center dot center dot center dot C (2.4%) interactions. Shape-index plots show pi-pi stacking interactions and the curvedness plots show flat surface patches characteristic of planar stacking

Quadrotor insansız hava aracı için kontrol sistemi tasarımı

Son yıllarda geniş uygulama alanına sahip insansız hava araçları (İHA) oldukça popüler hale gelmiştir. Arama-kurtama, keşif, havadan fotoğraflama ve araç tanıma gibi alanlarda kullanılan İHA'lar bu alanlardaki tehlikeli görevlerde insan hayatını tehlikeye atmadan başarıya ulaşmaktadırlar. Günümüzde İHA' ların bir kolu olan quadrotorlar hakkında yoğun bir şekilde çalışmalar yürütülmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında, quadrotor İHA için lineer quadratik regülatör (LQR), oransal-integral-türevsel (PID) ve oransal-türevsel (PD) denetleyiciler tasarlanmıştır. Havadaki açısal konumu ; irtifası ve konumu için tasarlanan denetleyiciler ile sistem modellenmiş ve Matlab/Simulink ortamında benzetim çalışması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, PID denetleyici yapısı quadrotor İHA üzerinde test edilerek başarılı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.In the recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) become very popular due to their wide application area. UAVs used in areas such as search and rescue, exploration, aerial photography, and vehicle surveillance reaching success without risking human lives in dangerous missions in these areas. Today, intensive studies are being conducted on quadrotors, a class of UAVs. In this thesis, linear quadratic regulator (LQR), proportional-integral- derivative (PID), and proportional-derivative (PD) controllers are designed for control of quadrotor UAV. The system is modeled with these controllers for control its attitude ; altitude, and position, than simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment. Also, it is tested with designed PID controller scheme and successful results are obtained

Experimental and theoretical study of 4-cyanobenzaldehyde isonicotinoyl-hydrazone monohydrate

The molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, gauge-including atomic orbital (CIAO) H-1 and C-13 chemical shift values of 4-cyanobenzaldehyde isonicotinoyl-hydrazone monohydrate in the ground state have been calculated by using the Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional method (DFT/B3LYP) with 6-31++G(d,p) basis set. Furthermore, this structure has been confirmed by IR, C-13 and H-1 spectroscopy. The results of the optimized molecular structure are presented and compared with the experimental X-ray diffraction. The computed vibration frequencies are used to determine the types of molecular motions associated with each of the experimental bands observed. C-13 and H-1 NMR data were calculated by means of the methods of GIAO, CSGT, and IGAIM. Calculated chemical shift values are compared with the experimental 4-cyanobenzaldehyde isonicotinoyl-hydrazone monohydrate. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved