Socio-demographic, Clinical, and Genetic Determinants of Quality of Life in Lung Cancer Patients.

Patient reported health-related quality of life (QOL) is a major component of the overall well-being of cancer patients, with links to prognosis. In 6,420 lung cancer patients, we identified patient characteristics and genetic determinants of QOL. Patient responses from the SF-12 questionnaire was used to calculate normalized Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores. Further, we analyzed 218 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, a key mediator of response to cellular and environmental stress, as genetic determinants of QOL in a subset of the study population (N = 641). Trends among demographic factors for mean PCS and MCS included smoking status (PCS Ptrend < 0.001, MCS Ptrend < 0.001) and education (PCS Ptrend < 0.001, MCS Ptrend < 0.001). Similar relationships were seen for MCS. The homozygous rare genotype of MEF2B: rs2040562 showed an increased risk of a poor MCS (OR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.05-8.92, P = 0.041). Finally, survival analysis showed that a low PCS or a MCS was associated with increased risks of five-year mortality (HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.51-1.77, HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.16-1.32, respectively) and there was a significant reduction in median survival time (Plog-rank < 0.001). These findings suggest that multiple factors contribute to QOL in lung cancer patients, and baseline QOL can impact survival

Behavioral and biochemical evidence of the role of acetaldehyde in the motivational effects of ethanol

Since Chevens' report, in the early 50's, that his patients under treatment with the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, antabuse, could experience beneficial effects when drinking small volumes of alcoholic beverages, the role of acetaldehyde (ACD) in the effects of ethanol has been thoroughly investigated on pre-clinical grounds. Thus, after more than 25 years of intense research, a large number of studies have been published on the motivational properties of ACD itself as well as on the role that ethanol-derived ACD plays in the effects of ethanol. Accordingly, in particular with respect to the motivational properties of ethanol, these studies were developed following two main strategies: on one hand, were aimed to challenge the suggestion that also ACD may exert motivational properties on its own, while, on the other, with the aid of enzymatic manipulations or ACD inactivation, were aimed to test the hypothesis that ethanol-derived ACD might have a role in ethanol motivational effects. Furthermore, recent evidence significantly contributed to highlight, as possible mechanisms of action of ACD, its ability to commit either dopaminergic and opioidergic transmission as well as to activate the Extracellular signal Regulated Kinase cascade transduction pathway in reward-related brain structures. In conclusion, and despite the observation that ACD seems also to have inherited the elusive nature of its parent compound, the behavioral and biochemical evidence reviewed points to ACD as a neuroactive molecule able, on its own and as ethanol metabolite, to exert motivational effects

An evaluation of three approaches for reducing disruptive behavior in preschool children

Punishment of undesired behavior and reinforcement of desired behavior are two approaches which can be used to decrease the rate of undesirable behavior. The most common approach in prior research has been reinforcement of desired behavior. The effects of punishment have not been thoroughly assessed in applied settings. Laboratory studies have indicated that a combination of these two approaches, punishment of undesired behavior and reinforcement of desired behavior, might be particularly effective in reducing disruptive behavior. The present study compared three approaches in reducing disruptive behavior in preschool children: verbal reprimands for disruptive behavior, verbal reinforcement of appropriate behavior, and a combination of verbal reprimands for disruptive behavior and verbal reinforcement of appropriate behavior. Twelve five year-old children, three in each of four kindergarten classrooms, served as subjects. The subjects were the three children in each class with the highest rate of disruptive behaviors. Children were assigned to one of the three treatment conditions such that each classroom had one child in each treatment condition

An extension of Rachlin's commitment model to obese and normal weight adults

Behavior therapists are employing self-control techniques to reduce the frequency of behavior such as overeating and smoking. Self-control becomes necessary when a person is faced with a choice between two incompatible responses. One response (lack of self-control) leads to immediate reinforcement, and the other response (self-control) is followed by delayed reinforcement. One class of techniques involved in self-control is stimulus control. Using stimulus control, a person sets up the environment to avoid the difficult choice situation and thus respond in accordance with the long term contingencies. Rachlin's term for stimulus control is "commitment strategy." Prior research on the commitment model used pigeons and children as subjects. The present study investigated the applicability of Rachlin's commitment model to normal-weight and obese adults

PENGARUH PERENCANAAN PAJAK DAN BEBAN PAJAK TANGGUHAN TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perencanaan pajak dan beban pajak tangguhan terhadap manajemen laba (studi pada perusahaan manufaktur pada industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2020). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 46 perusahaan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling sehingga jumlah sampel yang diperoleh adalah 7 perusahaan. Jenis data dalam penelitian ini adalah data kuantitatif dan sumber data sekunder yang diambil dari www.idx.com dengan teknik analisis data deskriptif, data regresi linier berganda, uji asumsi klasik, koefisien determinasi (R2), uji T dan uji F menggunakan SPSS 21. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel perencanaan pajak tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen laba sedangkan variabel beban pajak tangguhan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen laba dan secara simultan perencanaan pajak dan beban pajak tangguhan tidak berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba. Keterbatasan penelitian ini adalah penulis hanya meneliti perusahaan manufaktur di sektor industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2016 - 2020 dan variabel bebas yang digunakan hanya dua variabel yaitu perencanaan pajak dan pajak tangguhan. beban untuk mempengaruhi variabel terikat. yaitu manajemen laba.Kata kunci: perencanaan pajak, beban pajak tangguhan dan manajemen laba AbstractThis study aims to determine the effect of tax planning and deferred tax expense on earnings management (study of manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016-2020). The population in this study were 46 companies using purposive sampling method so that the number of samples obtained was 7 companies. The types of data in this research are quantitative data and secondary data sources taken from www.idx.com with descriptive data analysis techniques, multiple linear regression data, classical assumption test, coefficient of determination (R2), T test and F test using SPSS 21. Results The research shows that the tax planning variable has no significant effect on earnings management while the deferred tax expense variable has no significant effect on earnings management and simultaneously tax planning and deferred tax expense have no effect on earnings management. The limitations of this study are that the author only examines manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector which are listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2016 - 2020 and the independent variables used are only two variables, namely tax planning and deferred tax burden to influence the dependent variable. namely earnings management.Keywords: tax planning, deferred tax expense and earnings managemen

Le ro^le du devoir illusoire dans sept pie`ces de Henry de Montherlant

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role duty plays in the following seven plays of Henry de Montherlant: L'Exil, La Reine morte, Fils de personne, Le Mattre de Santiago, Demaln il fera jour. La Ville dont le prince est un enfant, and Le Cardinal d'Espagne. We will try to justify in what manner the various characters find themselves involved in illusory and misleading acts of duty. The heroes will fool not only themselves but those around them, and as a result will become blind individuals obsessed by what they see as their own convictions. At the conclusion of each analysis we will demonstrate that this "illusory duty" is not always incoherent or without reason. There will always be an external or internal force transforming this sense of duty into something logical for each of the characters. Duty will always entail a certain degree of obligation and responsibility. According to Montherlant, duty is a man-made chore. To his definition we would add that duty is the sum total of those material and spiritual circumstances arising out of such external forces as God and/or Destiny. Most of the characters in the plays which we shall examine try to feign a stance of superiority, which is only a mask to hide the weaknesses and defects which lie underneath. These characters try to run away from reality and find refuge in their own imaginary worlds

The effects of extralinguistic control of comprehension and production in the non-fluent child

The present study investigated (1) the developmental sequence postulated to exist between the processes of comprehension and production, and (2) the effects of syntactic (word order), semantic (animacy of subject and object), and extra-semantic (directional correspondence between verbal and visual sentence presentations, and task complexity) variables upon comprehension and production in the non-fluent child. Fifteen nursery school children grouped in terms of age and performance on the McCarthy (1972) Scales of Children's Abilities constructed puzzles corresponding to sentences during comprehension trials, and labeled preconstructed puzzles corresponding to the same sentences during production trials

Children's perceived quality of significant relationships and socioemotional adjustment

The present study extends research on interpersonal relations to preadolescence by introducing the Children's Inventory of Significant Relationships (CISR), a self-report measure of children's perceived quality of relations with their primary caregiver, a significant adult, and a significant child. Estimates of internal consistency, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability were adequate. Factor analyses revealed three factors for each relationship scale: affect, support, and security. Children most frequently identified their mother as the primary caregiver, their father or grandmother as the significant adult, and a friend or a sibling as the significant child. Children who identified a sibling as the significant child reported lower perceived quality of the relationship than did children who identified a friend or a cousin. Some racial differences in the selection of significant others were noted. Children reported relatively consistent levels of perceived quality across the three relationships, which were positively associated with self-esteem and negatively associated with depression, loneliness, and social anxiety. Relations with primary caregiver and significant adult were also positively related to social preference by peers

Neonatologists' judgments regarding medical treatment for disabled newborns with life-threatening conditions

States government developed a policy that placed stricter limits on physicians' and parents' decisions about when they could withhold medical treatment for disabled newborns with life-threatening conditions. This study investigated neonatologists' judgments regarding treatment for disabled newborns with life-threatening conditions in the context of this policy. Two hundred sixty neonatologists responded to a nationwide mailed survey that included a series of vignettes to describe five disabled newborns. Neonatologists were asked to choose their treatment recommendations under three conditions: (1) the treatments that would be best for the infant; (2) the treatments that would be required by federal policy; and (3) the treatments that they would recommend in actual practice. Results of the repeated measures ANOVA indicated that the seriousness of the infant's medical condition was significant and that the more serious the infant's medical condition the less aggressive the treatments recommended by neonatologists under all conditions. Neonatologists also perceived that the federal policy required more aggressive treatments for disabled infants with life-threatening conditions than they would personally recommend

A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY: THE LIVED EXPERIENCE OF TEEN MOTHERS WHO GRADUATED FROM HIGH SCHOOL AND ATTENDED OR COMPLETED COLLEGE

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to (1) explore the lived experience of teen mothers who graduated from high school and attended or completed college and (2) discover the school factors that contributed to their academic success. The goal was that in discovering the “essence” of participants’ experience, findings might provide insight into how to increase the graduation rate for teen mothers. The research question that guided this study was the following: What is the lived experience of teen mothers who graduated from high school and attended or completed college, and what are the school factors that contributed to their academic success? The findings revealed that the participants experienced (1) a feeling of accomplishment, (2) a struggle balancing school and work with being the best mother, (3) difficulty paying for daycare in college, (4) a dilemma deciding whether to go to a local college or to go away, (5) feeling judged for being a teen mother, (6) a lot of support, and (7) some non-support. The findings regarding the structure of the participants’ experience or how they graduated from high school and attended or completed college was (1) a supportive female family role model, (2) faith in God, (3) supportive school personnel (teachers, principal, school nurse), (4) teen parenting programs/classes that provided daycare assistance in high school and that extended through college, (5) their children (who motivated them), and (6) self-determination and/or wanting to redeem themselves. Based on these findings, there are implications for practice, research and public policy. One recommendation is that schools partner with community resources to offer parenting programs that provide assistance with daycare and that extend through completion of college