22 research outputs found

    PRÁTICAS ENUNCIATIVAS EM UM EVENTO DE DIVULGAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA EM UM MUSEU DE CIÊNCIAS DO RIO DE JANEIRO

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    Na perspectiva dos estudos de linguagem, analisamos enunciaçÔes produzidas em um evento temĂĄtico de divulgação cientĂ­fica, intitulado ÂżContadores de HistĂłrias do Museu da VidaÂż. Este evento se insere em meio Ă s açÔes desenvolvidas pelo Programa Leitura e CiĂȘncia, organizado mensalmente na Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, no espaço em questĂŁo. Inclui a apresentação de um grupo de contadores de histĂłrias que utilizam textos de literatura, cenĂĄrios criados com associaçÔes ao tema abordado e um convidado - pesquisador ou profissional da divulgação cientĂ­fica - que apresenta o tema durante quinze ou vinte minutos, ao que se segue o debate com o pĂșblico. Registros videogrĂĄficos do evento constituem o material empĂ­rico analisado. Tendo como enfoque de pesquisa o cunho qualitativo e interpretativo, apoiamo-nos em estudos de Mikhail Bakhtin, considerando o carĂĄter dialĂłgico da linguagem e enfatizando aspectos como a esfera de comunicação humana, a presença dos jĂĄ-ditos , e os sentidos estabelecidos pelos enunciadores na elaboração dos enunciados. ConcluĂ­mos que, nesta esfera de comunicação, a constituição da enunciação Ă© predominantemente do gĂȘnero cotidiano, estruturada por meio da linguagem coloquial, com momentos marcados pelo lĂ©xico da inguagem cientĂ­fica

    PRÁTICAS ENUNCIATIVAS EM UM EVENTO DE DIVULGAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA EM UM MUSEU DE CIÊNCIAS DO RIO DE JANEIRO

    No full text
    Na perspectiva dos estudos de linguagem, analisamos enuncia çÔes produzidas em um evento temĂĄtico de divulgação cientĂ­fica, intitula do "Contadores de HistĂłrias do Museu da Vida". Este evento se insere em meio Ă s açÔes desenvolvidas pelo Programa Leitura e CiĂȘncia, organiza do mensalmente na Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, no espaço em questĂŁo. Inclui a apresentação de um grupo de contadores de histĂłrias que utilizam textos de literatura, cenĂĄrios criados com associaçÔes ao tema abordado e um convidado - pesquisador ou profissional da divulgação cientĂ­fica - que apresenta o tema durante quinze ou vinte minutos, ao que se segue o debate com o pĂșblico. Registros videogrĂĄficos do evento constituem o material empĂ­rico analisado. Tendo como enfoque de pesquisa o cunho qualitativo e interpretativo, apoiamo-nos em estudos de Mikhail Bakhtin, considerando o carĂĄter dialĂłgico da linguagem e enfatizando aspectos como a esfera de comunicação humana, a presença dos "jĂĄ-ditos", e os sentidos estabelecidos pelos enunciadores na elaboração dos enunciados. ConcluĂ­mos que, nesta esfera de comunicação, a constituição da enuncia ção Ă© predominantemente do gĂȘnero cotidiano, estruturada por meio da linguagem coloquial, com momentos marcados pelo lĂ©xico da linguagem cientĂ­fica

    Validação da versão brasileira do Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) Validation of the brazilian version of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ)

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    OBJETIVO: Desenvolver uma versĂŁo transcultural do Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) para a população brasileira e analisar sua validade e eficĂĄcia quando aplicado em pacientes com fibromialgia. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 44 pacientes com fibromialgia (FM), diagnosticados segundo os critĂ©rios do American College of Rheumatology (ACR), 1990. Baseados nas orientaçÔes de Guillemin et al(22), foram convidados quatro professores de lĂ­ngua inglesa, um reumatologista e dois fisioterapeutas. O procedimento seguiu as etapas: tradução inicial por dois professores de inglĂȘs, avaliação das duas traduçÔes para uma versĂŁo Ășnica, versĂŁo para a lĂ­ngua inglesa por dois professores de inglĂȘs nativos, reuniĂŁo de consenso com dois professores de inglĂȘs, reumatologista e fisioterapeutas para versĂŁo teste, avaliação da equivalĂȘncia cultural, versĂŁo final, avaliação da confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade. A versĂŁo teste foi aplicada em 20 pacientes com FM, tendo em todas as questĂ”es o item "nĂŁo-aplicĂĄvel". Substituição de possĂ­veis questĂ”es com mais de 15% de respostas "nĂŁo-aplicĂĄvel" por outras de mesmo conceito, resultando na versĂŁo final. Aplicação dessa versĂŁo em 24 pacientes com FM por dois avaliadores que fizeram a entrevista no mesmo dia com intervalo de uma hora e, apĂłs um perĂ­odo de sete dias da primeira avaliação, o questionĂĄrio foi reaplicado pelo primeiro avaliador. RESULTADOS: Na aplicação da versĂŁo teste nĂŁo houve questĂ”es com mais de 15% de respostas "nĂŁo-aplicĂĄvel". Sendo assim, nĂŁo foi mudado o texto para a versĂŁo final. PorĂ©m, houve dificuldade de compreensĂŁo das escalas visuais analĂłgicas (questĂ”es 4 a 10). Com isso, foram acrescidas "carinhas" nos dois extremos: Ă  esquerda uma "carinha" feliz e Ă  direita, uma infeliz. Esse processo deu origem Ă  versĂŁo final. Na avaliação da confiabilidade, os resultados do avaliador 1 (primeira e segunda aplicação) e do avaliador 2 foram comparados, bem como as duas aplicaçÔes do avaliador 1. Ambas demonstraram que nĂŁo houve diferença entre os dois avaliadores no que diz respeito a aplicação do questionĂĄrio. A comparação entre os avaliadores foi feita com base nas mĂ©dias globais. Os valores de p foram todos superiores a 10%, indicando que nĂŁo houve evidĂȘncia de diferenças significantes entre aplicaçÔes dos questionĂĄrios nos mesmos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: A versĂŁo brasileira do FIQ, o QIF, mostrou ser um instrumento vĂĄlido e confiĂĄvel para medir a capacidade funcional e o estado de saĂșde de pacientes brasileiros com FM.OBJECTIVE: To develop a cross-cultural validation of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) to the Brazilian population and to analyze its validity and efficacy when applied to fibromyalgia patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-four fibromyalgia patients classified following the 1990 American College Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. According to the 1993 Guillemin et al(22) guidelines, four English teachers, one rheumatologist and two physical therapist were invited to participate. The procedure was established according to the following steps: initial translation by two English teachers, evaluation of these two translations to a unique version, back translation to English by two native teachers, a consensus meeting where there were two English teachers, one rheumatologist and physiotherapists for the test-translation, evaluation of cultural equivalency, final version, reliability and reproducibility. The test-translation has been applied to 20 fibromyalgia patients, having in all questions the item "not applicable". Questions answered as "not applicable" by 15% or more patients were reformulated, resulting in the final version. Application of the final version to 24 fibromyalgia patients by two different interviewers who applied the final questionnaire in the same day, with one hour interval and seven days after the first interview, the questionnaire was re-applied by the first interviewer. RESULTS: During the application of the test-version none of the questions were answered as "not applicable" for 15% or more. Consequently, the text was not reformulated. However, there were some difficulty for understanding the visual analogic scales (questions 4 to 10). As a result, "small faces" were added in both ends: a "happy face" to the left and a "sad face" to the right. The evaluation of reliability and reproducibility obtained by the first interviewer (between the first and second application) as well as results obtained by the second interviewer were compared. Both showed no difference among the two interviewers in what concerns the questionnaire application. The p values were above 10% indicating no significant difference between questionnaires application. CONCLUSION: The FIQ Brazilian version, QIF, showed to be a reliable and valid instrument to measure the functional ability and the health state of Brazilian fibromyalgia patients

    Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in young children: analyzing the performance of the diagnostic tests.

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    OBJECTIVE:This study evaluated the performance of the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Quantiferon-TB Gold in-Tube (QFT) and the possible association of factors which may modify their results in young children (0-6 years) with recent contact with an index tuberculosis case. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A cross-sectional study including 135 children was conducted in Manaus, Amazonas-Brazil. The TST and QFT were performed and the tests results were analyzed in relation to the personal characteristics of the children studied and their relationship with the index case. RESULTS:The rates of positivity were 34.8% (TST) and 26.7% (QFT), with 14.1% of indeterminations by the QFT. Concordance between tests was fair (Kappa = 0.35 P<0.001). Both the TST and QFT were associated with the intensity of exposure (Linear OR = 1.286, P = 0.005; Linear OR = 1.161, P = 0.035 respectively) with only the TST being associated with the time of exposure (Linear OR = 1.149, P = 0.009). The presence of intestinal helminths in the TST+ group was associated with negative QFT results (OR = 0.064, P = 0.049). In the TST- group lower levels of ferritin were associated with QFT+ results (Linear OR = 0.956, P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS:Concordance between the TST and QFT was lower than expected. The factors associated with the discordant results were intestinal helminths, ferritin levels and exposure time to the index tuberculosis case. In TST+ group, helminths were associated with negative QFT results suggesting impaired cell-mediated immunity. The TST-&QFT+ group had a shorter exposure time and lower ferritin levels, suggesting that QFT is faster and ferritin may be a potential biomarker of early stages of tuberculosis infection

    Outbreak of high-risk XDR CRAB of international clone 2 (IC2) in Rio Janeiro, Brazil

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    ABSTRACT: Objectives: Among the high-risk clones of Acinetobacter baumannii, called international clones (ICs), IC2 represents the main lineage causing outbreaks worldwide. Despite the successful global spread of IC2, the occurrence of IC2 is rarely reported in Latin America. Here, we aimed to evaluate the susceptibility and genetic relatedness of isolates from a nosocomial outbreak in Rio de Janeiro/Brazil (2022) and perform genomic epidemiology analyses of the available genomes of A. baumannii. Methods: Sixteen strains of A. baumannii were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests and genome sequencing. These genomes were compared phylogenetically with other IC2 genomes from the NCBI database, and virulence and antibiotic resistance genes were searched. Results: The 16 strains represented carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) with an extensively drug-resistant profile. In silico analysis established the relationship between the Brazilian CRAB genomes and IC2/ST2 genomes in the world. The Brazilian strains belonged to three sub-lineages, associated with genomes from countries in Europe, North America, and Asia. These sub-lineages presented three distinct capsules, KL7, KL9, and KL56. The Brazilian strains were characterised by the co-presence of blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-66, in addition to the genes APH(6), APH(3”), ANT(3”), AAC(6’), armA, and the efflux pumps adeABC and adeIJK. A large set of virulence genes was also identified: adeFGH/efflux pump; the siderophores barAB, basABCDFGHIJ, and bauBCDEF; lpxABCDLM/capsule; tssABCDEFGIKLM/T6SS; and pgaABCD/biofilm. Conclusion: Widespread extensively drug-resistant CRAB IC2/ST2 is currently causing outbreaks in clinical settings in southeastern Brazil. This is due to at least three sub-lineages characterised by an enormous apparatus of virulence and resistance to antibiotics, both intrinsic and mobile

    Evaluation of new strategies for the diagnosis of tuberculosis among pediatric contacts of tuberculosis patients

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    Background: In young children, underdiagnosis and diagnostic delay have an adverse effect on morbidity and mortality of tuberculosis (TB). This study evaluated new strategies for early TB diagnosis using an outpatient protocol in children between 0 and 5 years of age, with a recent household TB contact. Methods: Case recruitment was performed in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, from 2008 to 2009. Epidemiologic and clinical data, tuberculin test, chest radiograph and 2 induced sputum respiratory samples from each participant were obtained. Laboratory diagnosis was based on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture, mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) and polymerase chain reaction. We conducted a study of comparison of diagnostic tests and a study of cases and controls to identify the clinical characteristics of the population with positive culture and polymerase chain reaction results. Results: A total of 102 children were evaluated. Thirty-two fulfilled criteria of suspicion of TB. MGIT was more sensitive (P = 0.035) and faster (P < 0.001) than LJ. Clinical score, MGIT, LJ and polymerase chain reaction presented no concordance or slight concordance. A positive MGIT culture was only associated with a strong tuberculin test reaction (P = 0.026). The combination of MGIT with the clinical score allowed the diagnosis of 33% more cases with little or no symptomatology compared with the exclusive use of the clinical classification. Conclusions: The sensitivity and speed of MGIT demonstrate the utility of liquid cultures for the diagnosis in children. Furthermore, these results suggest that the use of MGIT in children presenting recent household TB contact and a strong tuberculin test reaction may be a strategy to improve early TB diagnosis. © 2012 by Lippincott Williams and Wilkins

    Baseline demographic and clinical data of the study participants.

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    <p>TST: Tuberculin Skin Test, QFT: QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube, MTC-score: <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> contact score, BCG: Bacillus Calmette-GuĂ©rin.</p>#<p>Categorical variables expressed as number of subjects (n) and percentage (%) compared to those evaluated with the characteristic studied. Quantitative variables expressed as mean and interquartile range (IQR).</p>a<p>In the 12 weeks prior to the study.</p>b<p>Risk of malnutrition was defined as a Z score for weight less than −1 SDs for age and gender; malnutrition was defined −2 SDs for age and gender.</p
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