A Road Network Design Model Considering Node Capacity

Optimal road network design models have been investigated in order to generate alternatives of road network planning. Most of the previous works assume that the decision variables of the planners are the attributes of the links. The actual road network, however, consists of links and nodes, and it is useful to distinguish links and nodes explicitly. Planning models should involve the attributes of nodes in decision variables as well as the link attributes. We formulate a road network design model considering the nodal capacity. The frame of the proposed model is interpreted as a two level optimal problem, which is a system optimizing problem including an optimal problem as its constraint. Before the formulation of a two level problem, the structure of a node is simplified, and a nodal passing time function is introduced, which represents the performance of a node. As a user equilibrium is the most relevant assumption for the description of road network flow, the lower problem is formulated as a fixed demand user equilibrium problem, using nodal passing time functions as well as link travel time functions. Given the total investment cost constraint, the higher problem decides the link and nodal capacities in order to optimize a measure of the whole network performance. The lower problem describes the traffic flow on a network for given capacities. The structure of the model is explained by using the frame of the Stackelberg differential game, whose players are planner (leader) and aggregate term of network user (follower). In order to solve the formulated problem, a heuristic algorithm is proposed. This is the input/outputiterativemethod, and it is expected to be effective for a normal size problem. The convergence of the algorithm is numerically confirmed through an example for simple and hypothetical datum. A sensitivity analysis for the value of the cost constraint is executed to determine the effective value of an investment. Remaining problems are extensively discussed for further research

Equation of State for Parallel Rigid Spherocylinders

The pair distribution function of monodisperse rigid spherocylinders is calculated by Shinomoto's method, which was originally proposed for hard spheres. The equation of state is derived by two different routes: Shinomoto's original route, in which a hard wall is introduced to estimate the pressure exerted on it, and the virial route. The pressure from Shinomoto's original route is valid only when the length-to-width ratio is less than or equal to 0.25 (i.e., when the spherocylinders are nearly spherical). The virial equation of state is shown to agree very well with the results of numerical simulations of spherocylinders with length-to-width ratio greater than or equal to 2

Different Patterns of Vascular Response Between Patients With or Without Diabetes Mellitus After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation Optical Coherence Tomographic Analysis

ObjectivesWe performed this study to investigate with optical coherence tomography (OCT) the vascular response after sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) implantation between patients with and those without diabetes mellitus (DM).BackgroundThe difference in vascular response after SES implantation between patients with and those without DM has not been fully evaluated with OCT.MethodsOptical coherence tomography was performed to examine 74 nonrestenotic SES implanted in 63 patients (32 with DM and 31 without DM) at 9 months after SES implantation. For struts showing neointimal coverage, the neointimal thickness on the luminal side of each strut section was measured, and neointimal characteristics were classified into high, low, and layered signal pattern.ResultsBaseline patient characteristics and lesion and procedural characteristics data were similar between the 2 groups. In total, 11,422 struts were analyzed. High signal neointima was observed in 90.2 ± 13.9%, low signal neointima in 7.3 ± 10.0%, and layered neointima in 2.7 ± 5.8%/stents. There was higher incidence of low signal neointima (10.5 ± 10.3% vs. 4.5 ± 5.6%, p = 0.003), neointimal thickness was larger (median: 106.8 μm, interquartile range: 79.3 to 130.4 μm vs. median: 83.5 μm, interquartile range: 62.3 to 89.3 μm; p < 0.0001), and neointimal coverage of stent struts was higher (92.1 ± 6.2% vs. 87.2 ± 11.9%; p = 0.03) in DM patients.ConclusionsHigh signal neointimal pattern was predominantly observed, and low or layered signal pattern was observed in some cases. In DM patients, low signal neointima was observed with high frequency. Neointimal coverage and neointimal thickness was also higher in DM patients as compared with non-DM patients

Study of learning environment development of the way to become the foundation of inclusive education system : From teaching practice in a special classroom by teachers in regular class

本校では特別支援学級と複式学級の教科による交流及び共同学習の導入や，学級交流や縦割り学習，運動会等の校内行事での交流などに取り組んできている。本研究は，これまでの成果を基に，通常の学級に在籍する児童の多様性や障害の理解を促す実践を交流及び共同学習や教科学習の中で行い，その効果を検証することを目的とした。特別支援学級の担任ではない教員が，特別支援学級の指導案を作成することを通して，日頃の交流だけではとらえられない特別支援児童の実態に気づき，支援の在り方について検討する。また実際に授業を行うことで特別支援領域に関する見方・考え方を活用し，それぞれの学級の児童支援に生かし，共有できるようにした。授業を行う教員の研究教科が算数科であることから算数科で授業を行うこととし，都合５時間の特別支援学級教員による算数科の授業を観察，児童の実態把握を行い，聞き取りも含め授業構想を行っていった。実際の授業から，子どもたちの中に価値に関する概念が育成されているかどうかの違いがあることに気付く。価値概念の育成や獲得方法を明らかにしていくことによって小学校の教科の指導をより充実させていくことができると考えた。Do the practice of promoting an understanding of the children of diversity and disorder enrolled in regular classes in the exchange and collaborative learning and subject learning, was aimed to verify the effect. Special support is not a homeroom class faculty, through to create a lesson plan of the special support class, noticed the actual situation of the special support children that cannot be captured only daily exchanges, as well as consider the way of support, the teaching plan actually take advantage of the special support area on the perspective, the concept by making the class alive, it was decided to continue making the child support of each class. It was thought to be able to go to enrich more the guidance of the subjects of elementary school by going to reveal the development and acquisition method of one person a child of the value of the concept

Pharmacologic characterization of TBP1901, a prodrug form of aglycone curcumin, and CRISPR-Cas9 screen for therapeutic targets of aglycone curcumin

プロドラッグ型クルクミン注射製剤の抗腫瘍効果及び治療標的の包括的な解析 --安全性の高い抗がん薬としての開発に期待--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-10-21.Curcumin (aglycone curcumin) has antitumor properties in a variety of malignancies via the alteration of multiple cancer-related biological pathways; however, its clinical application has been hampered due to its poor bioavailability. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a synthesized curcumin β-D-glucuronide sodium salt (TBP1901), a prodrug form of aglycone curcumin. In this study, we aimed to clarify the pharmacologic characteristics of TBP1901. In β-glucuronidase (GUSB)-proficient mice, both curcumin β-D-glucuronide and its active metabolite, aglycone curcumin, were detected in the blood after TBP1901 injection, whereas only curcumin β-D-glucuronide was detected in GUSB-impaired mice, suggesting that GUSB plays a pivotal role in the conversion of TBP1901 into aglycone curcumin in vivo. TBP1901 itself had minimal antitumor effects in vitro, whereas it demonstrated significant antitumor effects in vivo. Genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 screen disclosed the genes associated with NF-κB signaling pathway and mitochondria were among the highest hit. In vitro, aglycone curcumin inhibited NF-kappa B signaling pathways whereas it caused production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, partially reversed antitumor effects of aglycone curcumin. In summary, TBP1901 can exert antitumor effects as a prodrug of aglycone curcumin through GUSB-dependent activation

The Efficacy of a Bilateral Approach for Treating Lesions With Chronic Total Occlusions The CART (Controlled Antegrade and Retrograde subintimal Tracking) Registry

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a new concept for chronic total occlusion (CTO) recanalization—using a bilateral approach that utilizes a Controlled Antegrade and Retrograde subintimal Tracking (CART) technique.BackgroundSuccessful percutaneous recanalization of coronary CTOs results in improved long-term outcomes. The recanalization of CTOs in native coronary arteries no doubt represents one of the most technically challenging of interventional procedures.MethodsA total of 224 consecutive patients (mean age 61 ± 9 years; 86.2% men) were enrolled in this prospective multicenter registry. This technique combines the simultaneous use of antegrade and retrograde approaches. A subintimal dissection is created in both antegrade and retrograde fashion, thereby limiting the extension of the subintimal dissection within the CTO portion.ResultsOf 224 CTO lesions (>3 months in duration) undergoing attempted recanalization using the CART technique, 145 cases (64.7%) had undergone previous CTO recanalization attempts. The success rates of crossing in a retrograde fashion with a wire and a balloon were 87.9% and 79.9%, respectively. The overall technical and procedural success rates achieved in this registry were 92.4% and 90.6%, respectively.ConclusionsA bilateral approach for CTO lesions using the CART technique is feasible, safe, and has a higher success rate than previous approaches. These results indicate that a bilateral technique can solve a major dilemma that commonly affects CTO procedures

Study on the way of educational practical training of special needs education in at the special needs class in the affiliated school, Hiroshima Univerisity

本研究は，附属学校の特別支援学級における教育実習において，実習終了後に行う公立特別支援学校での教育実習のさらなる充実を図り，学部の教育と附属の実習，公立特別支援学校での実習の連続性整備のためにプログラムの見直しや改善を図ると共に，そのあり方について検討する。附属東雲小学校・中学校は大学の特別支援教育学講座と連携し，教育実習の内容の検討や改善に向けての提言を受ける他，具体的な大学における取り組みとも連動するようにした。さらに，特別支援教育実習協議会を通して特別支援学校との連携を図り，実習校と学生へのアンケート調査によって課題を明らかにした。また，全国の附属学校特別支援学級の連絡協議会を活用し，教育実習における実情や課題を情報交換することで、情報の共有化を図り新たな知見も得た。このような取り組みを進めていく中で，実習の事前指導にあたり，公立特別支援学校との連携が不足していたことが課題としてあげられた。この課題を解決していくために，教育実習に対しての附属学校としての取り組みを改善すると共に，より具体的かつ実用的な指導や評価を行い，内容を引き継ぐシステムの構築が必要であることが明らかとなった。The purpose of this research is to improve the teaching practice at the public special support school which is carried out after completion of the educational practice of the attached school special support class and to improve the educational practice of the undergraduate school and the special special support school We reviewed the contents of teaching practice and examined improvement. Attached Shinonome Elementary School and Junior High School have a special support education course lecture of the Graduate school of pedagogy and a public education practice meeting with the public special support school, and from the questionnaire survey to each school and the student, lack of cooperation with the public special support school It was made clear that it was. In order to solve the problem, it is necessary to instruct teacher interns more practical guidance and evaluation, and to inherit the contents to the public special support school

〈研究論文〉新たな学校ガバナンスにおける「教育の専門性」の再定位（2）: 小学校教員の専門性認識に関する分析を中心に

Since the 1990s, the concept of “Governance” has become widely known and has been often discussed in many fields including public education. Contemporary public education reform policies basically include the restructuring of relationships between teaching professionals and other stakeholders. It should be noted that, in fact, some education policies do not take into account the “professionality of teaching” very much; thus, there is a possibility that teaching professionals will be seen as comparatively inferior to other actors. It is therefore important to consider the position of teaching professionals within the new school governance structure and replace it, taking into account the concept of “professionality of education.”..

〈研究論文〉新たな学校ガバナンスにおける「教育の専門性」の再定位 : 武雄市「官民一体型学校」とB市「コミュニティ・スクール」の事例分析

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the position of "professionality of education" should be reconsidered in recent school governance reform by analyzing two cases, "Kan-min ittai-gata Gakkou" in Takeo city and "Community School" in B city. Since the 1990s, the concept of "governance" has become widely known and has been often discussed in many fields of our society. Its original meaning is that control of public institutions should be shared with various stakeholders. Thus, contemporary public education reform policies include as its base the restructuring of relationships between people in the teaching profession and other stakeholders. It should be noted that, in fact, some education policies take the "professionality of teaching" lightly, so there is a possibility that those in the teaching profession will be seen as comparatively inferior to other actors. We must consider the position of those in the teaching profession within the new school governance structure, and replace it following the concept of "professionality of education." We studied two different types of new local policies. The first is "Kan-min ittai-gata Gakkou" in Takeo city, and the second is "Community School" in B city. In 2015, Takeo city became affiliated with Hanamaru-gakusyujuku, a private tutoring school, and introduced Hanamaru’s teaching methods into public schools. In contrast, B city changed all public schools to "Community Schools" in 2012; prior to the city policy, several elementary and junior high schools had jointly founded a community school in 2010. There are two main findings from this study. First, non-teaching actors are likely to stay away from the field of teaching expertise, and there is the possibility that the "Professionality of Teaching" will not be perceived as inferior. However, the second finding is that teachers\u27 awareness of "Professionality of Teaching" may tend to focus too narrowly on minor issues. Thus, we should focus on the distance between "Professionality of Education" and "Professionality of Teaching," which occur in the governing process of public schools and communities.本研究は，日本学術振興会科学研究費助成事業 （学術研究助成基金助成金）（挑戦的萌芽研究）「新たな学校ガバナンスにおける『教育の専門性』の再定位」（研究代表者：浜田博文，課題番 号15K13172，平成27年度～29年度）の助成を受けたものである