Detección y análisis de movimiento usando visión artificial

La visión artificial1 y el procesamiento de imágenes se han convertido en herramientas de utilidad en el análisis y el reconocimiento de movimientos a partir de sistemas basados en conocimiento (KBS), involucrando procesos como la remoción de ruido, resaltado de características y eliminación de desenfoques, por citar algunos. A continuación se realiza una reseña acerca de los conceptos relacionados, su interdependencia y aplicación en entornos como: la electrónica de consumo, industria, robótica, vigilancia, identificación biométrica y medicina, haciendo énfasis en esta última. Adicionalmente se analizan los avances más destacados y los retos presentes para su evolución

Detección y análisis de movimiento usando visión artificial

La visión artificial1 y el procesamiento de imágenes se han convertido en herramientas de utilidad en el análisis y el reconocimiento de movimientos a partir de sistemas basados en conocimiento (KBS), involucrando procesos como la remoción de ruido, resaltado de características y eliminación de desenfoques, por citar algunos. A continuación se realiza una reseña acerca de los conceptos relacionados, su interdependencia y aplicación en entornos como: la electrónica de consumo, industria, robótica, vigilancia, identificación biométrica y medicina, haciendo énfasis en esta última. Adicionalmente se analizan los avances más destacados y los retos presentes para su evolución

NEC FUTURE Tier I Scoping Process: Public Comment

Utilizing its special expertise, the Regional Transportation Planning and High Speed Rail Research Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) sought to provide input via public comment to the NEC FUTURE Tier I scoping process. Earlier in 2012, we completed a comprehensive look at the complexities and challenges associated with mobility in the NEC. This submittal is based on a report prepared for and funded by the Institute for Transportation Policy Studies (ITPS) in Tokyo, Japan, entitled Transportation in the Northeast Corridor of the U.S.: A Multimodal and Intermodal Conceptual Framework. We applied novel combinations of system analysis methods to seek new insights for planning in this corridor. With the lessons learned from this account, we seek to provide input to the NEC FUTURE scoping process, and enrich the NEC FUTURE Tier I EIS study. We recognize that the Purpose and Need and a comprehensive and carefully articulated range of alternatives are of utmost importance for the EIS process, and we are focusing our comments in these two areas. With our lessons learned, we hope to offer insights useful in formulating and refining the project’s Purpose and Need, and as well in defining the alternatives to be considered

NEC FUTURE Preliminary Alternatives Report: Public Comment

The United States Department of Transportation's Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is currently in the early stages of a planning process to define a 30-year passenger rail investment plan for the Northeast Corridor (NEC), between Boston and Washington, D.C. In the Spring of 2013, NEC FUTURE (the name of the planning process), released a Preliminary Alternatives Report, containing 15 possible alternatives for passenger rail infrastructure investment. This working paper contains a memo from the Regional Transportation Planning and High Speed Rail Research Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) responding to the Preliminary Alternatives Report, as well as following up on the group's previous public comments to NEC FUTURE (ESD-WP-2012-27 NEC FUTURE Tier I Scoping Process: Public Comment). The memo focuses on the group's reactions in three areas: “goals and objectives, and evaluation of the alternatives,” “planning under uncertainty and flexible alternatives,” and “institutional assumptions.” These comments also build on the knowledge gained from report prepared for and funded by the Institute for Transportation Policy Studies (ITPS) in Tokyo, Japan, entitled Transportation in the Northeast Corridor of the U.S.: A Multimodal and Intermodal Conceptual Framework

Application of a non destructive method for developing physical properties ofbone tissue based on Imagenology tecniques and Cad software tools

Los ensayos mecánicos son usados para la caracterización de propiedades mecánicas de tejidos óseos, sin embargo, debido al carácter destructivo del ensayo, las probetas usadas son generalmente de tejidos óseos de cadáver humano o animales. La caracterización resultante de estos ensayos por lo tanto, es válida solo en los especímenes probados, porque el tejido óseo presenta alta variabilidad en sus propiedades debido al cambio de su densidad. Por este argumento y la naturaleza destructiva de los ensayos mecánicos, este tipo de ensayo no es apropiado para realizar la caracterización mecánica de tejidos vivos, lo cual limita las posibilidades de desarrollo en proyectos de investigación en vivo. El presente estudio fue desarrollado con el propósito de evaluar la viabilidad del uso de un método no destructivo, propuesto para calcular los valores de densidad aparente a partir de la densidad radiográfica. El método no destructivo tuvo su fundamento en la implementación de técnicas diagnósticas de imágenes tomográficas de hueso de mandíbula y el posterior reconocimiento de estas imágenes en un software Bio-CAD. A través del software MIMIC´S, se cuantificaron los valores de densidad a escala Hounsfield; los datos obtenidos fueron usados para deducir la curva de calibración lineal, permitiendo de esta forma, calcular el valor de densidad aparente de los especímenes. A partir de esta caracterización y la revisión de literatura, fue posible definir las propiedades mecánicas de la probeta ósea. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos en el presente trabajo de investigación, se estableció una alternativa para la caracterización mecánica de tejidos rígidos como el hueso. De acuerdo a la naturaleza no destructiva del método, el uso de este método podría ser extendido a experimentación con tejidos vivos, la cual estaba restringida, por las limitaciones existentes con el método destructivo basado en ensayos mecánicos.Abstract: Mechanical tests are used for characterization of mechanical properties of bone tissue; however, due to the destructive nature of the test, the specimens are generally used human cadaver bone tissues or animals. Furthermore the resultant characterization of these tests is valid only in the specimens tested, because the bone tissue shows high variability in their properties, so, the density change. This argument and the destructive nature of the mechanical tests are reason that this type of test is not appropriated for the mechanical characterization of living tissue, which limits the possibilities of development in live research projects. The present study was developed with the purpose of assessing the feasibility of using a non-destructive method to deduce the values of apparent density from radiographic density, supported by tomographic imaging diagnostic techniques in jaw bone and recognition these images in Bio-CAD software. Through software MIMIC’S, were quantified scale density values Hounsfield; these data were used to derive the linear calibration curve allowing calculating the apparent density of the specimens. From this characterization and review of literature, it was possible to determine the mechanical properties of the bone specimen. According to the results obtained in the present investigation, it was established an alternative to mechanical characterization through the application of non-destructive techniques, based on the analysis of Bio-CAD software and the calibration curve. Using this method could be extended to experiment with living tissue, which was restricted by the constraints with the destructive method based on mechanical tests

Elastic response of cross-laminated engineered bamboo panels subjected to in-plane loading

© ICE Publishing: All rights reserved. Novel cross-laminated bamboo panels comprising three and five layers (G-XLam3 and G-XLam5) were tested in compression along the main (0°) and the transverse (90°) directions. Linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) and non-contact three-dimensional digital image correlation (DIC) measuring techniques were used separately to measure deformation in the elastic region, and the elastic moduli, Ep C,0 and Ep C,90, were derived. Mean elastic modulus values obtained using LVDTs exhibited a good match with analytically predicted values. In contrast, the elastic values obtained by the DIC method were considerably higher and presented a considerable scatter of results. For instance, the Ep C,0 for G-XLam3 and G-XLam5 panels were 17·22 and 15·67 GPa, and 14·86 and 12·48 GPa, using the DIC and LVDT methods, respectively. In general, G-XLam panels with a fifth of the cross-sectional thickness and twice the density of analogous cross-laminated timber exhibited an approximately two-fold increase in Ep C,0 and Ep C,90. Overall, this research provides guidelines for the assessment and standardisation of the testing procedures for similar engineered bamboo products using contact and non-contact methods and highlights the potential of using G-XLam panels in stiffness-driven applications and in combination with wood for structural purposes

Bamboo reinforced concrete: a critical review

© 2018, The Author(s). The use of small diameter whole-culm (bars) and/or split bamboo (a.k.a. splints or round strips) has often been proposed as an alternative to relatively expensive reinforcing steel in reinforced concrete. The motivation for such replacement is typically cost—bamboo is readily available in many tropical and sub-tropical locations, whereas steel reinforcement is relatively more expensive—and more recently, the drive to find more sustainable alternatives in the construction industry. This review addresses such ‘bamboo-reinforced concrete’ and assesses its structural and environmental performance as an alternative to steel reinforced concrete. A prototype three bay portal frame, that would not be uncommon in regions of the world where bamboo-reinforced concrete may be considered, is used to illustrate bamboo reinforced concrete design and as a basis for a life cycle assessment of the same. The authors conclude that, although bamboo is a material with extraordinary mechanical properties, its use in bamboo-reinforced concrete is an ill-considered concept, having significant durability, strength and stiffness issues, and does not meet the environmentally friendly credentials often attributed to it