To be or not to be: Will the real Chrysymenia (Rhodymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) please stand up?

ABSTRACT: The genera in the Rhodymeniaceae that have a hollow thallus lacking diaphragms comprise Chrysymenia J. Agardh (including Gloiosaccion Harvey), Botryocladia (Agardh) Kylin and Irvinea Guiry. Chrysymenia has traditionally been defined by a lack of internal rhizoids and with the only solid portion of the thallus limited to the stipe, and Botryocladia is characterized by the presence of larger, solid axes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Na,K-ATPase alpha isoforms at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid-trigeminal nerve and blood-retina interfaces in the rat

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sodium concentration increases during migraine attacks, and both CSF and vitreous humor sodium increase in the rat migraine model. The Na,K-ATPase is a probable source of these sodium fluxes. Since Na,K-ATPase isoforms have different locations and physiological roles, our objective was to establish which alpha isoforms are present at sites where sodium homeostasis is disrupted. Methods: Specific Na,K-ATPase alpha isoforms were identified in rat tissues by immunohistochemistry at the blood-CSF barrier at the choroid plexus, at the blood-CSF-trigeminal barrier at the meninges, at the blood-retina barrier, and at the blood-aqueous barrier at the ciliary body. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), occludin, or von Willibrand factor (vWF) were co-localized with Na,K-ATPase to identify trigeminal nociceptor fibers, tight junctions, and capillary endothelial cells respectively. Results: The Na,K-ATPase alpha-2 isoform is located on capillaries and intensely at nociceptive trigeminal nerve fibers at the meningeal blood-CSF-trigeminal barrier. Alpha-1 and −3 are lightly expressed on the trigeminal nerve fibers but not at capillaries. Alpha-2 is expressed at the blood-retina barriers and, with alpha-1, at the ciliary body blood aqueous barrier. Intense apical membrane alpha-1 was associated with moderate cytoplasmic alpha-2 expression at the choroid plexus blood-CSF barrier. Conclusion: Na,K-ATPase alpha isoforms are present at the meningeal, choroid plexus, and retinal barriers. Alpha-2 predominates at the capillary endothelial cells in the meninges and retinal ganglion cell layer

A New Soldier-Producing Aphid Species, Pseudoregma baenzigeri, sp. nov., from Northern Thailand

Pseudoregma baenzigeri, sp. nov., is described from northern Thailand. This species forms dense, huge colonies on shoots of the bamboo Dendrocalamus sp., and produces many first-instar, pseudoscorpion-like soldiers. Alate sexuparae were found from the end of September to mid October. Two syrphids, Eupeodes sp. A (allied to E. confrater) and Dideoides chrysotoxoides, and the pyralid Dipha aphidivora were recorded as predators of P. baenzigeri. The aphids were also likely to be eaten by some rodents. The apterous adult, nymphs, soldier and alate sexupara of P. baenzigeri can be distinguished from those of the other congeners by the longer, conical ultimate rostral segment. A tentative key to the species of Pseudoregma living on bamboo is provided

Subacute and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Histopathological patterns and survival

Background: in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), survival can be predicted on the basis of the severity of fibrosis in surgical lung biopsy, but few data are available on the influence of clinical, functional, tomographic and histologic findings on prognosis. Objectives: To describe the impact on survival. of clinical data, histological patterns, and HRCT findings in subacute/chronic HP.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 103 patients diagnosed with HP submitted to surgical lung biopsy. Chronic HP was characterized by HRCT findings indicative of fibrosis (n = 76).Results: the most relevant exposures were to molds and birds. Lung biopsies revealed typical HP with granulomas in 46 patients, bronchiolocentric interstitial pneumonia in 27, and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) in 16. By univariate analysis, several findings were predictors of mortality: older age, mate sex, velcro crackles, higher FEV(1)/FVC ratio, lower oxygen saturation during exercise, and absence of mosaic pattern/air trapping and presence of fibrosis on HRCT. By multivariate analysis, remained significant: age (p = 0.007), oxygen saturation during exercise (p = 0.003), and mosaic pattern/air trapping on HRCT (p = 0.004). Patients with NSIP had a greater survival than did those with typical histology and those with bronchiolocentric pneumonia (p = 0.033).Conclusions: A wide range of histological features are found in FIR Typical findings are seen in 45% of cases, Other common patterns are NSIP and centriacinar lesions. Survival is better in patients with NSIP and worse in those with older age, desaturation during exercise, and absence of mosaic pattern/air trapping on HRCT. (c) 2009 Etsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Resp Dis, Dept Med, Escola Paulista Med, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilHosp Servidor Publ Estadual, Div Resp Dis, Dept Med, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Resp Dis, Dept Med, Escola Paulista Med, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

New Deepwater Species Of Red Algae Growing In Rhodolith Beds In The NW Gulf Of Mexico

This talk will focus on recently collected new species of marine red algae growing on the surface of rhodoliths at 56-85m depth in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio