A matter of time: Implicit acquisition of recursive sequence structures

A dominant hypothesis in empirical research on the evolution of language is the following: the fundamental difference between animal and human communication systems is captured by the distinction between regular and more complex non-regular grammars. Studies reporting successful artificial grammar learning of nested recursive structures and imaging studies of the same have methodological shortcomings since they typically allow explicit problem solving strategies and this has been shown to account for the learning effect in subsequent behavioral studies. The present study overcomes these shortcomings by using subtle violations of agreement structure in a preference classification task. In contrast to the studies conducted so far, we use an implicit learning paradigm, allowing the time needed for both abstraction processes and consolidation to take place. Our results demonstrate robust implicit learning of recursively embedded structures (context-free grammar) and recursive structures with cross-dependencies (context-sensitive grammar) in an artificial grammar learning task spanning 9 days. Keywords: Implicit artificial grammar learning; centre embedded; cross-dependency; implicit learning; context-sensitive grammar; context-free grammar; regular grammar; non-regular gramma

Theory of Andreev reflection in a two-orbital model of iron-pnictide superconductors

A recently developed theory for the problem of Andreev reflection between a normal metal (N) and a multiband superconductor (MBS) assumes that the incident wave from the normal metal is coherently transmitted through several bands inside the superconductor. Such splitting of the probability amplitude into several channels is the analogue of a quantum waveguide. Thus, the appropriate matching conditions for the wave function at the N/MBS interface are derived from an extension of quantum waveguide theory. Interference effects between the transmitted waves inside the superconductor manifest themselves in the conductance. We provide results for a FeAs superconductor, in the framework of a recently proposed effective two-band model and two recently proposed gap symmetries: in the sign-reversed s-wave ($\Delta\cos(k_x)\cos(k_y)$) scenario resonant transmission through surface Andreev bound states (ABS) at nonzero energy is found as well as destructive interference effects that produce zeros in the conductance; in the extended s-wave ($\Delta[\cos(k_x)+\cos(k_y)]$) scenario no ABS at finite energy are found.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Breathing synchronization in interconnected networks

Global synchronization in a complex network of oscillators emerges from the interplay between its topology and the dynamics of the pairwise interactions among its numerous components. When oscillators are spatially separated, however, a time delay appears in the interaction which might obstruct synchronization. Here we study the synchronization properties of interconnected networks of oscillators with a time delay between networks and analyze the dynamics as a function of the couplings and communication lag. We discover a new breathing synchronization regime, where two groups appear in each network synchronized at different frequencies. Each group has a counterpart in the opposite network, one group is in phase and the other in anti-phase with their counterpart. For strong couplings, instead, networks are internally synchronized but a phase shift between them might occur. The implications of our findings on several socio-technical and biological systems are discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures + 3 pages of Supplemental Materia

Two Kerr black holes with axisymmetric spins: An improved Newtonian model for the head-on collision and gravitational radiation

We present a semi-analytical approach to the interaction of two (originally) Kerr black holes through a head-on collision process. An expression for the rate of emission of gravitational radiation is derived from an exact solution to the Einstein's field equations. The total amount of gravitational radiation emitted in the process is calculated and compared to current numerical investigations. We find that the spin-spin interaction increases the emission of gravitational wave energy up to 0.2% of the total rest mass. We discuss also the possibility of spin-exchange between the holes.Comment: 8 pages, RevTeX, 2 figures, psbox macro include

Efeito do sombreamento no crescimento de mudas de copaíba (Copaifera sp.).

A copaíba é uma árvore com grande potencial medicinal, pela produção de seu óleo-resina indicado para o controle de inflamações em geral, como antisséptico e cicatrizante. Estudos sobre a produção de mudas dessa espécie são escassos. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a influência de diferentes níveis de sombreamento no desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de copaíba (Copaífera sp). O experimento foi conduzido no viveiro do Campo experimental da Embrapa Acre. Os tratamentos foram compostos por cinco níveis de sombreamento (pleno sol, 20%, 30%, 50% e 75%), obtidos com telas sombrite com as referidas capacidades de retenção da radiação solar. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições e oito plantas por unidade amostral. Aos 10 meses após a semeadura, foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: diâmetro do coleto, diâmetro da copa, altura e matéria seca total das plantas. Observou-se diferença significativa para todas as variáveis analisadas. O crescimento das mudas de copaíba foi modificado pela intensidade de sombreamento. Todas as variáveis avaliadas foram afetadas significativamente (p<0,05) pelo nível de sombreamento incidente nas plantas. Tanto o excesso de sombreamento como o de radiação solar foram prejudiciais ao crescimento das plantas. Sombreamentos em torno de 43 a 53% proporcionaram os melhores resultados paras as variáveis estudadas (diâmetro do coleto, massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca total. Pelos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que mudas de copaíba (Copaifera sp.) necessitam de sombra, sendo um sombreamento de 50% o recomendado para a produção de mudas desta espécie, em função da disponibilidade no mercado de tela sombrite com essa retenção de luminosidade

Watersheds are Schramm-Loewner Evolution curves

We show that in the continuum limit watersheds dividing drainage basins are Schramm-Loewner Evolution (SLE) curves, being described by one single parameter $\kappa$. Several numerical evaluations are applied to ascertain this. All calculations are consistent with SLE$_\kappa$, with $\kappa=1.734\pm0.005$, being the only known physical example of an SLE with $\kappa<2$. This lies outside the well-known duality conjecture, bringing up new questions regarding the existence and reversibility of dual models. Furthermore it constitutes a strong indication for conformal invariance in random landscapes and suggests that watersheds likely correspond to a logarithmic Conformal Field Theory (CFT) with central charge $c\approx-7/2$.Comment: 5 pages and 4 figure

Magnetic and superconducting instabilities in the periodic Anderson model: an RPA stud

We study the magnetic and superconducting instabilities of the periodic Anderson model with infinite Coulomb repulsion U in the random phase approximation. The Neel temperature and the superconducting critical temperature are obtained as functions of electronic density (chemical pressure) and hybridization V (pressure). It is found that close to the region where the system exhibits magnetic order the critical temperature T_c is much smaller than the Neel temperature, in qualitative agreement with some T_N/T_c ratios found for some heavy-fermion materials. In our study, all the magnetic and superconducting physical behaviour of the system has its origin in the fluctuating boson fields implementing the infinite on-site Coulomb repulsion among the f-electrons.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure

Oscillatory behavior of light in the composite Goos-Hanchen shift

Sem informaçãoFor incidence in the critical region, the propagation of Gaussian lasers through dielectric blocks is characterized by the joint action of angular deviations and lateral displacements. This mixed effect, known as the composite Goos-Hanchen shift, produces a lateral displacement that is dependent on the axial coordinate, recently confirmed by a weak measurement experiment. We discuss under which conditions this axial lateral displacement, which only exists for the composite Goos-Hanchen shift, presents an oscillatory behavior. This oscillation phenomenon shows a peculiar behavior of light for critical incidence and, if experimentally tested, could stimulate further theoretical studies and lead to interesting optical applications.95519Sem informaçãoSem informaçãoSem informaçã

Produção de morango no Distrito Federal.

O morangueiro no Distrito Federal; Perfil dos produtores; Práticas culturais; Controle fitossanitário; Comercialização; Dificuldades e desafios.bitstream/item/109187/1/CNPH-PROD.-DE-MORAN.-DO-DF.-09.pd

A bioethical framework and reasoning on antibiotic use in palliative care: a systematic review

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