Evidence for the 125 GeV Higgs boson decaying to a pair of tau leptons

A search for a standard model Higgs boson decaying into a pair of tau leptons is performed using events recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011 and 2012. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb(-1) at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 19.7 fb(-1) at 8 TeV. Each tau lepton decays hadronically or leptonically to an electron or a muon, leading to six different final states for the tau-lepton pair, all considered in this analysis. An excess of events is observed over the expected background contributions, with a local significance larger than 3 standard deviations for m (H) values between 115 and 130 GeV. The best fit of the observed H -> tau tau signal cross section times branching fraction for m(H) = 125 GeV is 0.78 +/- 0.27 times the standard model expectation. These observations constitute evidence for the 125 GeV Higgs boson decaying to a pair of tau leptons

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/images/research_banner_face_lab_290.jpgunderweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity

Chronic disease in childhood and adolescence: continuity of care in the Health Care Network

abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the continuity of care for children and adolescents with chronic diseases in the health care network. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted between February and October 2013 with 12 families, six health managers, and 14 health professionals from different health care services in a municipality of the state of Paraíba, Brazil, using focal groups, semi-structured interviews, and medical record consultation. The data were analyzed by triangulation and thematic analysis. RESULTS Two categories were created: “health care management” and “(dis)continuity of care.” We found gaps in the system, including poor data recording aimed to facilitate follow-up and guide the planning actions as well as sporadic and discoordinate services with a limited flow of information, which hinders follow-up over time. CONCLUSION Continuity of care in the health care network is limited and creates the need to develop strategies to improve these services.OBJETIVO Analisar a continuidade do cuidado à criança/adolescente com doença crônica na rede de atenção à saúde. MÉTODO Pesquisa qualitativa realizada entre fevereiro e outubro de 2013 com 12 familiares, seis gestores e 14 profissionais de saúde de diferentes serviços da rede de saúde de um município da Paraíba através das técnicas de grupo focal, entrevista semiestruturada e consulta a prontuários. A triangulação dos dados e a análise temática subsidiaram a interpretação dos dados. RESULTADOS Foram construídas duas categorias: "Gestão da atenção à saúde" e "(Des)continuidade do cuidado". Constataram-se lacunas como a ausência de cadastro para favorecer o acompanhamento e nortear o planejamento de ações; atendimento pontual e desarticulado entre os serviços com fragilidade no fluxo de informações, que obstaculizam o seguimento ao longo do tempo. CONCLUSÃO A continuidade do cuidado na rede de atenção à saúde está fragilizada e há necessidade do desenvolvimento de estratégias que a favoreçam.OBJETIVO Enfermedad crónica en la infancia y adolescencia: continuidad del cuidado en la red de atención sanitaria. MÉTODO Investigación cualitativa realizada entre febrero y octubre de 2013 con 12 familiares, seis gestores y 14 profesionales sanitarios de distintos servicios de la red sanitaria de un municipio de Paraíba mediante las técnicas de grupo focal, entrevista semiestructurada y consulta a fichas. La triangulación de los datos y el análisis temático subsidiaron la interpretación de los datos. RESULTADOS Fueron construidas dos categorías: "Gestión de la atención sanitaria" y "(Des)continuidad del cuidado". Se advirtieron lagunas como la ausencia de registro para favorecer el seguimiento y orientar la planificación de acciones; atención puntual y desarticulada entre los servicios con fragilidad en el flujo de informaciones, que obstaculizan el seguimiento a lo largo del tiempo. CONCLUSIÓN La continuidad del cuidado en la red de atención sanitaria está fragilizada y existe la necesidad del desarrollo de estrategias que la favorezcan