Along‐dip variation in seismic radiation of the 2011 Ibaraki‐oki, Japan, earthquake ( M w 7.9) inferred using a multiple‐period‐band source inversion approach

To elucidate the spatial variation in period‐dependent seismic radiation for the 2011 Ibaraki‐oki earthquake (Mw 7.9) in Japan, we applied a multiple‐period‐band source inversion approach to near‐source strong‐motion waveforms of this earthquake. We estimated source models of this earthquake in three successive period bands (5–10, 10–25, and 25–50 s) using strong‐motion data and Green's functions based on a 3‐D velocity structure model. The source models in the period bands of 10–25 and 25–50 s had large slips in the area to the south and southeast of the hypocenter in the depth range of 23–35 km, while the large slip area for the source model in the period band of 5–10 s was located in the deeper region ~30 km west of the hypocenter in the depth range of 35–45 km. These results indicate that long‐period (10–25 and 25–50 s) and short‐period (5–10 s) seismic waves were predominantly radiated from these different regions along the dip direction during the 2011 Ibaraki‐oki earthquake. This along‐dip variation in the dominant period of seismic radiation can be explained by the variation in scale in unstable sliding patches according to depth

Assessment of nonlinear site response at ocean bottom seismograph sites based on S-wave horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios: a study at the Sagami Bay area K-NET sites in Japan

Additional file 4. Relationship between DNL values and PGAs at the OBS and land sites

A migráció bűnügyi hatásai

Additional file 1. Example of waveform recordings and Fourier amplitude spectra

Clinical application of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test for children with developmental disorders

　本研究では，10 名の読みや書きなどの学習面に困難を抱える発達障害をともなう子ども にWechsler式知能検査およびRey-Osterrieth複雑図形検査（ROCF）を実施し，認知特性の 実態把握の過程におけるROCFの有用性を検討した。ROCFの記録には被検者の描画過程 をデータ化してパソコンに取り込むことのできるタッチペン （Inkling™） を用い，成績評価 には，描画の質的評価も含むBoston Qualitative Scoring System （BQSS） を用いた。 Wechsler式知能検査における知覚統合や知覚推理の下位検査の得点が良好であっても， ROCFにおいて構成力や描画過程に困難が少なからず認められ，これらは学習面における困 難の背景にある病態を反映したものと考えられた。また，本検査成績を検討する上で， BQSSの概要得点の1 つである組織構成，概要得点に含まれていないクラスター要素や細部 要素の配置の評価の重要性についても論じた

microRNA-33 maintains adaptive thermogenesis via enhanced sympathetic nerve activity

褐色脂肪細胞の燃焼を促す新たなメカニズムを解明 --体の熱産生にマイクロRNA-33が関与--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-02-17.Adaptive thermogenesis is essential for survival, and therefore is tightly regulated by a central neural circuit. Here, we show that microRNA (miR)-33 in the brain is indispensable for adaptive thermogenesis. Cold stress increases miR-33 levels in the hypothalamus and miR-33−/− mice are unable to maintain body temperature in cold environments due to reduced sympathetic nerve activity and impaired brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Analysis of miR-33f/f dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH)-Cre mice indicates the importance of miR-33 in Dbh-positive cells. Mechanistically, miR-33 deficiency upregulates gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor subunit genes such as Gabrb2 and Gabra4. Knock-down of these genes in Dbh-positive neurons rescues the impaired cold-induced thermogenesis in miR-33f/f DBH-Cre mice. Conversely, increased gene dosage of miR-33 in mice enhances thermogenesis. Thus, miR-33 in the brain contributes to maintenance of BAT thermogenesis and whole-body metabolism via enhanced sympathetic nerve tone through suppressing GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission. This miR-33-mediated neural mechanism may serve as a physiological adaptive defense mechanism for several stresses including cold stress

地震動予測地図

The Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion (HERP) of Japan published the national seismic hazard maps of Japan in March 2005, at the initiation of the earthquake research committee of Japan (ERCJ), on the basis of a long-term evaluation of seismic activity and a strong-motion evaluation. Meanwhile, the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) also promoted the special research project named National Seismic Hazard Mapping Project of Japan to support preparation of the seismic hazard maps. Under the guidance of ERCJ, we carried out a study of the hazard maps. There are 2 types of hazard map: one is a probabilistic seismic hazard map (PSHM), which shows the relation between seismic intensity value and its probability of exceedance within a certain time; the other is a scenario earthquake shaking map (SESM). For the PSHM, we used an empirical attenuation formula for strong-motion, which followed seismic activity modeling by ERCJ. Both peak velocity on the engineering bedrock (Vs=400m/s) and on the ground surface are evaluated for sites with a spacing of approximately 1 km, The potential JMA seismic intensities on the ground surface are also evaluated using an empirical formula. For the SESMs, based on source modeling for strong-motion evaluation, we adopted a hybrid method to simulate waveforms on the engineering bedrock and peak ground velocity. For this project, we developed an open web system to provide information interactively and retrievally, and named the system Japan Seismic Hazard Information Station, J-SHIS (http: 55www.j-shis.bosai.go.jp). We aimed to distribute the process of uncertainty evaluation, and to meet multi-purpose needs in engineering fields. The information provided by J-SHIS includes not only the hazard map results, but also various information required in the processes of making the hazard maps, such as data on seismic activity, source models, and underground structure

Cellular Phenotype-Dependent and -Independent Effects of Vitamin C on the Renewal and Gene Expression of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts

Vitamin C has been shown to delay the cellular senescence and was considered a candidate for chemoprevention and cancer therapy. To understand the reported contrasting roles of vitamin C: growth-promoting in the primary cells and growth-inhibiting in cancer cells, primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) and their isogenic spontaneously immortalized fibroblasts with unlimited cell division potential were used as the model pair. We used microarray gene expression profiling to show that the immortalized MEF possess human cancer gene expression fingerprints including a pattern of up-regulation of inflammatory response-related genes. Using the MEF model, we found that a physiological treatment level of vitamin C (10−5 M), but not other unrelated antioxidants, enhanced cell growth. The growth-promoting effect was associated with a pattern of enhanced expression of cell cycle- and cell division-related genes in both primary and immortalized cells. In the immortalized MEF, physiological treatment levels of vitamin C also enhanced the expression of immortalization-associated genes including a down-regulation of genes in the extracellular matrix functional category. In contrast, confocal immunofluorescence imaging of the primary MEF suggested an increase in collagen IV protein upon vitamin C treatment. Similar to the cancer cells, the growth-inhibitory effect of the redox-active form of vitamin C was preferentially observed in immortalized MEF. All effects of vitamin C required its intracellular presence since the transporter-deficient SVCT2−/− MEF did not respond to vitamin C. SVCT2−/− MEF divided and became immortalized readily indicating little dependence on vitamin C for the cell division. Immortalized SVCT2−/− MEF required higher concentration of vitamin C for the growth inhibition compared to the immortalized wildtype MEF suggesting an intracellular vitamin C toxicity. The relevance of our observation in aging and human cancer prevention was discussed