庶民への眼差し、階級意識のパフォーマンス

A common refrain in criticism of the eleventh-century work The Pilloe Book is that Sei Shonagon had nothing but disparaging words to say abaut the liwer slasses. This study re-examiners this idea through an in-depth review of the ppasage in The Pilloe Book that mention commoners, and it finds that the situation is somewhat more complex.This paper begins by looking at the language that identifies people of the lower classes, specifically the noun gesu, the adjeutive waroki, and the prefix ese-. Next the paper examines the scenes in which commoners make appearances.While some passages contain negative portrayals, others express curiosity and interest in the world of the commoners, compelling us to revice the notion that Ses Shonagon merely disdained the working classes. Embedded wiyhin each of these passages, however, are a number of mechanisms that reinforce differnces between the social class of the narrator and those of the objeuts of scutiny.This paper examines why the narrotor yses this combination of both positive and negative images and concludes that they serve as slaborate performances that ultimately reinforce the illusion of the narrator\u27s superoir social and aesthetic acuity.

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Time Differences (Keshiki): 1

Mamoru wakes up at 9am in Berlin, eats breakfast, and then sets off to teach a Japanese language class, carrying a sashimi knife in his bag. At this moment in New York, Manfred lurches from a dream where a fisherman was about to gut him he wakes just in time to make his morning work-out. Meanwhile, Michael is preparing to go to the late-night gym in Tokyo, thinking of a man he met in Berlin only weeks before... Tawada's story follows the three men Mamoru, Manfred and Michael as they move through their lives on different sides of the globe