Tierras elegibles para cultivos forestales según el protocolo de Kyoto en dos partidos de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Este artículo informa sobre la disponibilidad de tierras para proyectos forestales en el marco del Protocolo de Kyoto (PK), en los partidos de Guaminí y Daireaux, SO de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. La información es de utilidad para la planificación y el desarrollo de proyectos forestales en el Mecanismo de Desarrollo Limpio (MDL) incluido en PK. Para la cuantificación se emplearon imágenes Landsat de los años 1988, 1989 y 2008 y CBERS-2B del año 2009, la base de datos e imágenes del Inventario Forestal Nacional y los registros de relevamientos de forestaciones realizadas a campo. Se compararon las coberturas de uso del suelo de las imágenes de los años 1989 y 2008. La superficie cubierta con bosque se clasificó como áreas no elegibles y la superficie restante como tierras elegibles que, a su vez, se diferenciaron en: 1) tierras elegibles sin restricciones por la presencia de suelos Udipsament típico y Hapludol éntico donde se obtienen crecimientos forestales promisorios y son áreas que no compiten con el uso agrícola y, 2) tierras elegibles con restricciones al uso forestal como consecuencia de la competencia por otros usos de la tierra o por limitaciones edáficas. Los resultados indican que los partidos de Guaminí y Daireaux poseen una superficie de tierras elegibles de 47.021 ha. La superficie elegible con restricciones es de 314.737 ha en Daireaux y 424.456 ha en Guaminí. Las tierras no elegibles alcanzan una superficie de 8.573 ha.This article reports the amount of land available that can be used only for forestry projects under the Kyoto Protocol (KP), Daireaux and Guaminí districts, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The information is valuable to potential investors or public or private operators interested in promoting the development of forestry projects in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) PK. We used Landsat 1988, 1989, 2008 and CBERS-2B 2009, the database and images of national forest inventory, surveys of field tree plantations. We compared the coverage of land use on images of 1989 and 2008. Surfaces covered with forests were characterized as non-eligible areas. The remaining area was classified as eligible land. Eligible lands are divided into two subclasses: 1) Eligible land without restriction by the presence of soils Udipsament típico y Hapludol éntico, where growth forest are promising and are areas that do not compete with agricultural use, and 2) Eligible land with forest use restrictions as a result of competition by other land uses or edaphic restrictions. The results indicate that Daireaux and Guaminí Districts have an elegible of 47,021 ha. The eligible areas with restrictions are 314.737 ha in Daireaux and 424.456 ha in Guaminí. The non-eligible area is 8.573 ha.Inst.de SuelosFil: Lupi, Ana Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Angelini, Marcos Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Ferrere, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Agencia de Extensión Rural 9 de julio; Argentin

Land suitability of lowlands for forestation in the northern part of Buenos Aires province

El objetivo de este trabajo fue clasificar, cuantificar y cartografiar la aptitud forestal de las tierras no agrícolas del N-NE de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Para ello se aplicó el software Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES) propuesto por la FAO. Las especies consideradas fueron: E. camaldulensis, E. dunnii; E. saligna, E. tereticornis, E. viminalis y los géneros Salix spp. y Populus spp. Se utilizaron las Cartas de Suelos de la provincia de Buenos Aires escala 1:50.000 del INTA. Como criterios diagnósticos se utilizaron la profundidad de fluctuación de la napa freática, el pH, la textura del horizonte superficial y el drenaje, entre otros. El balance de superficies indica que existen 92.089 ha de tierras aptas para implantar E. camaldulensis de las cuales el 13% se consideran sin limitantes. Para E. tereticornis existen 91.841 ha aptas, donde el 13% son muy aptas. La superficie de tierras aptas para E. saligna y E. viminalis alcanzó las 40.718 ha de las cuales el 30% son muy aptas. Estas dos especies presentan restricciones climáticas en el área evaluada debido a la susceptibilidad al frío en el período de implantación. Para E. dunnii, con 40.718 ha, no se identificaron tierras muy aptas. En cuanto al género Populus, el potencial de tierras disponibles es de 42.000 ha, siendo el 29% muy aptas. Para el género Salix la superficie fue de 47.243 ha. Estos resultados muestran que existe una importante superficie de tierras potencialmente aptas para el desarrollo de una cuenca forestal en la región sin competencia con la agricultura.The objective of this work was to classify, quantify and map the land suitability of lowlands lands (or non suitable lands for annual-crop) of the N-NE of the province of Buenos Aires. For this, the Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES) software proposed by FAO was applied. We evaluated the following species: E. camaldulensis, E. dunnii; E. saligna, E. tereticornis, E. viminalis y los géneros Salix spp. y Populus spp using the soil map at 1:50,000 scale as source of soil information. The depth of water-table fluctuation, soil pH, soil texture and drainage, among other soil properties, were used as diagnostic criteria. The results showed that 92,089 ha were suitable for E. camaldulensis, from which 13% have not limitations. There were 91,841 ha suitable for E. tereticornis, where 13% were very suitable. The area suitable for E. saligna and E. viminalis reached 40,718 ha, from which 30% are very suitable. These two species present climatic restrictions in the study area due to the susceptibility to cold in the implantation period. E. dunnii reached 40,718 ha of lands, but none were very suitable land. The genus Populus had 42,000 suitable hectares, being 29% of them very apt. For Salix the resulting area was 47,243 ha. These results show that there is an important area of land potentially suitable for the development of a forest basin in the region without competing with annual crops.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Land suitability of lowlands for forestation in the northern part of Buenos Aires province

El objetivo de este trabajo fue clasificar, cuantificar y cartografiar la aptitud forestal de las tierras no agrícolas del N-NE de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Para ello se aplicó el software Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES) propuesto por la FAO. Las especies consideradas fueron: E. camaldulensis, E. dunnii; E. saligna, E. tereticornis, E. viminalis y los géneros Salix spp. y Populus spp. Se utilizaron las Cartas de Suelos de la provincia de Buenos Aires escala 1:50.000 del INTA. Como criterios diagnósticos se utilizaron la profundidad de fluctuación de la napa freática, el pH, la textura del horizonte superficial y el drenaje, entre otros. El balance de superficies indica que existen 92.089 ha de tierras aptas para implantar E. camaldulensis de las cuales el 13% se consideran sin limitantes. Para E. tereticornis existen 91.841 ha aptas, donde el 13% son muy aptas. La superficie de tierras aptas para E. saligna y E. viminalis alcanzó las 40.718 ha de las cuales el 30% son muy aptas. Estas dos especies presentan restricciones climáticas en el área evaluada debido a la susceptibilidad al frío en el período de implantación. Para E. dunnii, con 40.718 ha, no se identificaron tierras muy aptas. En cuanto al género Populus, el potencial de tierras disponibles es de 42.000 ha, siendo el 29% muy aptas. Para el género Salix la superficie fue de 47.243 ha. Estos resultados muestran que existe una importante superficie de tierras potencialmente aptas para el desarrollo de una cuenca forestal en la región sin competencia con la agricultura.The objective of this work was to classify, quantify and map the land suitability of lowlands lands (or non suitable lands for annual-crop) of the N-NE of the province of Buenos Aires. For this, the Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES) software proposed by FAO was applied. We evaluated the following species: E. camaldulensis, E. dunnii; E. saligna, E. tereticornis, E. viminalis y los géneros Salix spp. y Populus spp using the soil map at 1:50,000 scale as source of soil information. The depth of water-table fluctuation, soil pH, soil texture and drainage, among other soil properties, were used as diagnostic criteria. The results showed that 92,089 ha were suitable for E. camaldulensis, from which 13% have not limitations. There were 91,841 ha suitable for E. tereticornis, where 13% were very suitable. The area suitable for E. saligna and E. viminalis reached 40,718 ha, from which 30% are very suitable. These two species present climatic restrictions in the study area due to the susceptibility to cold in the implantation period. E. dunnii reached 40,718 ha of lands, but none were very suitable land. The genus Populus had 42,000 suitable hectares, being 29% of them very apt. For Salix the resulting area was 47,243 ha. These results show that there is an important area of land potentially suitable for the development of a forest basin in the region without competing with annual crops.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Land suitability of lowlands for forestation in the northern part of Buenos Aires province

El objetivo de este trabajo fue clasificar, cuantificar y cartografiar la aptitud forestal de las tierras no agrícolas del N-NE de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Para ello se aplicó el software Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES) propuesto por la FAO. Las especies consideradas fueron: E. camaldulensis, E. dunnii; E. saligna, E. tereticornis, E. viminalis y los géneros Salix spp. y Populus spp. Se utilizaron las Cartas de Suelos de la provincia de Buenos Aires escala 1:50.000 del INTA. Como criterios diagnósticos se utilizaron la profundidad de fluctuación de la napa freática, el pH, la textura del horizonte superficial y el drenaje, entre otros. El balance de superficies indica que existen 92.089 ha de tierras aptas para implantar E. camaldulensis de las cuales el 13% se consideran sin limitantes. Para E. tereticornis existen 91.841 ha aptas, donde el 13% son muy aptas. La superficie de tierras aptas para E. saligna y E. viminalis alcanzó las 40.718 ha de las cuales el 30% son muy aptas. Estas dos especies presentan restricciones climáticas en el área evaluada debido a la susceptibilidad al frío en el período de implantación. Para E. dunnii, con 40.718 ha, no se identificaron tierras muy aptas. En cuanto al género Populus, el potencial de tierras disponibles es de 42.000 ha, siendo el 29% muy aptas. Para el género Salix la superficie fue de 47.243 ha. Estos resultados muestran que existe una importante superficie de tierras potencialmente aptas para el desarrollo de una cuenca forestal en la región sin competencia con la agricultura.The objective of this work was to classify, quantify and map the land suitability of lowlands lands (or non suitable lands for annual-crop) of the N-NE of the province of Buenos Aires. For this, the Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES) software proposed by FAO was applied. We evaluated the following species: E. camaldulensis, E. dunnii; E. saligna, E. tereticornis, E. viminalis y los géneros Salix spp. y Populus spp using the soil map at 1:50,000 scale as source of soil information. The depth of water-table fluctuation, soil pH, soil texture and drainage, among other soil properties, were used as diagnostic criteria. The results showed that 92,089 ha were suitable for E. camaldulensis, from which 13% have not limitations. There were 91,841 ha suitable for E. tereticornis, where 13% were very suitable. The area suitable for E. saligna and E. viminalis reached 40,718 ha, from which 30% are very suitable. These two species present climatic restrictions in the study area due to the susceptibility to cold in the implantation period. E. dunnii reached 40,718 ha of lands, but none were very suitable land. The genus Populus had 42,000 suitable hectares, being 29% of them very apt. For Salix the resulting area was 47,243 ha. These results show that there is an important area of land potentially suitable for the development of a forest basin in the region without competing with annual crops

Land suitability of lowlands for forestation in the northern part of Buenos Aires province

El objetivo de este trabajo fue clasificar, cuantificar y cartografiar la aptitud forestal de las tierras no agrícolas del N-NE de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Para ello se aplicó el software Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES) propuesto por la FAO. Las especies consideradas fueron: E. camaldulensis, E. dunnii; E. saligna, E. tereticornis, E. viminalis y los géneros Salix spp. y Populus spp. Se utilizaron las Cartas de Suelos de la provincia de Buenos Aires escala 1:50.000 del INTA. Como criterios diagnósticos se utilizaron la profundidad de fluctuación de la napa freática, el pH, la textura del horizonte superficial y el drenaje, entre otros. El balance de superficies indica que existen 92.089 ha de tierras aptas para implantar E. camaldulensis de las cuales el 13% se consideran sin limitantes. Para E. tereticornis existen 91.841 ha aptas, donde el 13% son muy aptas. La superficie de tierras aptas para E. saligna y E. viminalis alcanzó las 40.718 ha de las cuales el 30% son muy aptas. Estas dos especies presentan restricciones climáticas en el área evaluada debido a la susceptibilidad al frío en el período de implantación. Para E. dunnii, con 40.718 ha, no se identificaron tierras muy aptas. En cuanto al género Populus, el potencial de tierras disponibles es de 42.000 ha, siendo el 29% muy aptas. Para el género Salix la superficie fue de 47.243 ha. Estos resultados muestran que existe una importante superficie de tierras potencialmente aptas para el desarrollo de una cuenca forestal en la región sin competencia con la agricultura.The objective of this work was to classify, quantify and map the land suitability of lowlands lands (or non suitable lands for annual-crop) of the N-NE of the province of Buenos Aires. For this, the Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES) software proposed by FAO was applied. We evaluated the following species: E. camaldulensis, E. dunnii; E. saligna, E. tereticornis, E. viminalis y los géneros Salix spp. y Populus spp using the soil map at 1:50,000 scale as source of soil information. The depth of water-table fluctuation, soil pH, soil texture and drainage, among other soil properties, were used as diagnostic criteria. The results showed that 92,089 ha were suitable for E. camaldulensis, from which 13% have not limitations. There were 91,841 ha suitable for E. tereticornis, where 13% were very suitable. The area suitable for E. saligna and E. viminalis reached 40,718 ha, from which 30% are very suitable. These two species present climatic restrictions in the study area due to the susceptibility to cold in the implantation period. E. dunnii reached 40,718 ha of lands, but none were very suitable land. The genus Populus had 42,000 suitable hectares, being 29% of them very apt. For Salix the resulting area was 47,243 ha. These results show that there is an important area of land potentially suitable for the development of a forest basin in the region without competing with annual crops.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Génesis de suelos en un sector del piedemonte aluvial del Chaco salteño

Se estudia la relación suelo-paisaje, las propiedades físico-químicas y la composición mineralógica de diferentes suelos dentro del cono aluvial del río Del Valle, en el borde occidental del Chaco salteño, en la provincia de Salta, Argentina. Se identificaron seis grupos de suelos con características bien definidas. Los Ustipsamentes y Haplustoles de textura gruesa a media se encuentran principalmente en cordones arenosos, vías de drenaje y planicies del sector proximal del cono; los Argiustoles y Haplustalfes de texturas medias se desarrollan mayormente en las planicies estabilizadas del sector intermedio; mientras que los Haplustertes de textura fina son característicos de los ambientes de bañados del sector intermedio y distal. Los análisis mineralógicos se llevaron a cabo mediante difracción de rayos X (DRX) y medición de la Susceptibilidad Magnética (SM). La DRX del suelo total mostró variaciones en la proporción de cuarzo, feldespatos, muscovita y minerales accesorios entre los perfiles, reflejando la heterogeneidad de sus materiales parentales. La composición mineralógica de la fracción arcilla permitió diferenciar dos tipos de materiales originarios, posiblemente relacionados con distintas áreas de aporte: I) uno rico en esmectitas e illitas donde se desarrollan el Ustipsament, los Haplustoles y el Haplustert; y II) otro con menor proporción de minerales expansibles y dominancia de illita, correspondiente a los horizontes C del Argiustol y el Haplustalf. Por otra parte, las curvas de Susceptibilidad Magnética muestran tendencias opuestas del Vertisol respecto al Argiustol, el Haplustalf y el Haplustol típico, reflejando condiciones físico-químicas diferentes entre estos suelos, mientras que en el Entisol y los Haplustoles énticos, las curvas varían irregularmente de acuerdo con la heterogeneidad de las capas sedimentarias que los conforman. El presente trabajo resume nuevos resultados e interpretaciones acerca de la génesis, composición y distribución de los suelos para una región donde esta información es todavía escasa.The aim of this study was to evaluate the soil-landscape relationships and the physico-chemical and mineralogical composition of different soils within the alluvial fan of Del Valle river, in the western part of the Chaco region in the Salta Province, Argentina. Six groups of soils with distinct characteristics were identified. Medium to coarse-textured Ustipsamments and Haplustolls were found on elongated gently convex sandy accumulations, drainage networks and plains of the proximal section of the alluvial fan. The medium-textured Argiustolls and Haplustalfs are mainly developed on stabilized plains in the intermediate section, while fine-textured Haplusterts characterize swamp environments between intermediate and distal sections of the fan. Mineralogical analyses were performed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Magnetic Susceptibility (MS) measurements. The XRD on total soils samples showed variations in the proportion of quartz, feldspars, muscovite and accessory minerals among the profiles, reflecting the heterogeneity of their parent materials. Moreover, according to the mineralogical composition of the clay fraction, two types of parent materials, possibly related to different source areas, were distinguished: I) one containing high proportions of smectite and illite, where Ustipsamments, Haplustolls and Haplusterts are developed; and II) another one with a lower proportion of expansive minerals and dominance of illite, corresponding to the C horizons of Argiustolls and Haplustalfs. The Magnetic Susceptibility of the Vertisol showed an opposite trend to that of the Argiustoll, Haplustalf and Typic Haplustoll, reflecting different physical-chemical conditions between those soil types, while the MS of the Entisol and Entic Haplustolls varied irregularly with depth in accordance to the heterogeneity of their sedimentary layers. This study summarizes new results and interpretations about the origin, composition and distribution of soils in a region where this information is still scarce.Fil: Moretti, Lucas Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Dario Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Angelini, Marcos Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Morras, Hector. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentin

Soil compaction response to wheel traffic in the Rolling Pampas region of Argentina

The present work shows the effects of the different agricultural wheels traffic on the physical properties of a typical Argiudol soil worked under a no-tillage cropping system. Soil compaction produced by traffic was quantified through a series of parameters. These parameters were: a) cone index, b) rut depth and c) soil water content at the traffic moment. A grain chaser, a sprayer, a combine harvester and a tractor equipped with commonly used wheels were tested in the study area. The main results obtained showed that the tyres with the highest inflation pressure and tyre ground pressures produced the highest values of cone index and rut depth. A typical Argiudol soilis not able to constrain topsoil and subsoil compaction when wheeled by tyres with ground pressures greater than 77.6 kPa. This occurs when this soil is worked under a continuous no-tillage cropping system.En el presente trabajo se muestran los efectos del tránsito de diferentes ruedas agrícolas sobre las propiedades físicas de un suelo Argiudol Típico trabajado bajo el sistema de no-labranza. La compactación del suelo producida por el tráfico se cuantificó a través de los parámetros: a) índice de cono, b) profundidad de huella y c) contenido de agua del suelo al momento del tránsito. Se ensayaron carro de granos, cosechadora, pulverizadora y tractor equipados con rodados de uso generalizado en la zona productiva bajo estudio. Los principales resultados obtenidos demostraron que los neumáticos con mayor presión de inflado y presión en el área de contacto rueda/suelo produjeron los mayores valores de índice de cono y profundidad de huella. El suelo Argiudol típico trabajado en forma continua bajo no-labranza no puede limitar la compactación superficial y subsuperficial del suelo cuando es transitado por ruedas con presiones en el área de contacto rueda/suelo mayores a 77.6 kPa.Fil: Contessotto, Enrique Ernesto. Universidad Nacional de Luján; ArgentinaFil: Botta, Guido Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Luján; Argentina.Fil: Angelini, Marcos Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján; ArgentinaFil: Bienvenido, Fernando. Universidad de Almería; EspañaFil: Rivero, David. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina.Fil: Pelizzari, Federico Matías. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina.Fil: Ghelfi, Diego Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de Luján; ArgentinaFil: Nistal, Ayelén Ileana. Universidad Nacional de Luján; Argentin

Argentina: Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Potential National Map. National Report. Version 1.0. Year: 2021

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a key factor affecting soil physical fertility, as it improves several soil properties such as infiltration, structural stability, porosity, aeration and structure. It also improves soil chemical fertility since C is part of the soil organic matter, which constitutes the main reservoir of nutrients for crops (nitrogen, sulfur, zinc, among others). SOC is positively correlated with soil microbial biomass that acts on nutrient cycling and metabolization processes of toxic molecules. The total SOC stock in topsoil (0-30cm) is about 19.7 Pg C (FAO-ITPS GSOC map, 2018). Thus, due to the size of the soil carbon pool, even small increments in the net soil C storage may represent a substantial C sink potential. Although agricultural greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) contribute to an important share of Argentina GHG emissions (135.53 MtCO2eq, 37% of total country GHG emissions; SAyDS, 2019), increasing ASOC stocks through judicious land use and sustainable soil management (SSM) practices may represent an important strategy to reduce and mitigate GHG emissions. In Argentina, the total productive area is about 157 million hectares (INDEC, 2021). Agricultural área (croplands) is about 40 (forty) million hectares, predominantly under no tillage system (91% agricultural area; AAPRESID, 2020). Soybean is the main product (45 million tons in 17 million hectares), followed by corn (44 million tons in 6.3 million hectares), wheat (17 million tons in 6.5 million hectares), barley (4.1 million tons in 0.1 million hectares) and sunflower (2.7 million tons in 1.3 million hectares).The rest of the area (over 124 Million hectares) is occupied with grasslands and shrublands dedicated to livestock production, and other agricultural uses. In the last decade’s agricultural land increased and SOC content decayed. This process of land use change was explained by increasing soybean monoculture and displacing livestock area, reducing SOC content (Lavado & Taboada, 2009). There has been an intense expansion of agriculture at the expense of grasslands, native forests and other natural resources in semiarid, sub-humid and subtropical regions of the country (Volante et al., 2012). Currently, soils of the Chaco-Pampean region exhibit SOC levels between 40-70% of the contents of virgin soils (Alvarez & Steinbach, 2009; Sainz Rozas et al., 2011; Milesi Delaye et al., 2013). Several farming practices may be used to restore or diminish the SOC loss, reduce soil erosion, sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and improve the soil quality (Poffenbarger et al., 2020). Among these practices, the inclusion of cover crops (CC) during winter has been postulated as one of the most promising activities (Ruis & Blanco-Canqui, 2017). The inclusion of CC showed average SOC sequestration rates of 0.45 tC/ha/yr (± 0.03), in Argentina (Alvarez et al., 2017; Beltran et al., 2018; Romaniuk et al., 2018). Increasing nutrient availability, crop growth and residue returns by increasing fertilizer use showed an increment of SOC around 0.18 tC/ha/yr (± 0.03) (Duval et al., 2020; Restovich et al., 2019). The inclusion of cycles with perennial pastures in crop rotations showed average SOC sequestration rates of 0.76 tC/ha/yr (± 0.03), exhibiting the greatest potential to increase SOC stocks (Costantini et al., 2016; Gil et al., 2016). Sustainable soil management (SSM) practices (FAO, 2020) such as the above mentioned practices have demonstrated potential to increase SOC stocks in different agricultural systems in Argentina, and thus sequester atmospheric CO2 as SOC to mitigate GHG emissions. However, SOC sequestration from these practices show highly variable sequestration rates, depending on edapho-climatic conditions, land use and management, among other factors. It is therefore relevant to identify which regions, soils, climates and systems have a greater potential to increase SOC stocks, in order to establish priorities for research and implementation of private and public policies. In this Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a key factor affecting soil physical fertility, as it improves several soil properties such as infiltration, structural stability, porosity, aeration and structure. It also improves soil chemical fertility since C is part of the soil organic matter, which constitutes the main reservoir of nutrients for crops (nitrogen, sulfur, zinc, among others). SOC is positively correlated with soil microbial biomass that acts on nutrient cycling and metabolization processes of toxic molecules. The total SOC stock in topsoil (0-30cm) is about 19.7 Pg C (FAO-ITPS GSOC map, 2018). Thus, due to the size of the soil carbon pool, even small increments in the net soil C storage may represent a substantial C sink potential. Although agricultural greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) contribute to an important share of Argentina GHG emissions (135.53 MtCO2eq, 37% of total country GHG emissions; SAyDS, 2019), increasing ASOC stocks through judicious land use and sustainable soil management (SSM) practices may represent an important strategy to reduce and mitigate GHG emissions. In Argentina, the total productive area is about 157 million hectares (INDEC, 2021). Agricultural área (croplands) is about 40 (forty) million hectares, predominantly under no tillage system (91% agricultural area; AAPRESID, 2020). Soybean is the main product (45 million tons in 17 million hectares), followed by corn (44 million tons in 6.3 million hectares), wheat (17 million tons in 6.5 million hectares), barley (4.1 million tons in 0.1 million hectares) and sunflower (2.7 million tons in 1.3 million hectares).The rest of the area (over 124 Million hectares) is occupied with grasslands and shrublands dedicated to livestock production, and other agricultural uses. In the last decade’s agricultural land increased and SOC content decayed. This process of land use change was explained by increasing soybean monoculture and displacing livestock area, reducing SOC content (Lavado & Taboada, 2009). There has been an intense expansion of agriculture at the expense of grasslands, native forests and other natural resources in semiarid, sub-humid and subtropical regions of the country (Volante et al., 2012). Currently, soils of the Chaco-Pampean region exhibit SOC levels between 40-70% of the contents of virgin soils (Alvarez & Steinbach, 2009; Sainz Rozas et al., 2011; Milesi Delaye et al., 2013). Several farming practices may be used to restore or diminish the SOC loss, reduce soil erosion, sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and improve the soil quality (Poffenbarger et al., 2020). Among these practices, the inclusion of cover crops (CC) during winter has been postulated as one of the most promising activities (Ruis & Blanco-Canqui, 2017). The inclusion of CC showed average SOC sequestration rates of 0.45 tC/ha/yr (± 0.03), in Argentina (Alvarez et al., 2017; Beltran et al., 2018; Romaniuk et al., 2018). Increasing nutrient availability, crop growth and residue returns by increasing fertilizer use showed an increment of SOC around 0.18 tC/ha/yr (± 0.03) (Duval et al., 2020; Restovich et al., 2019). The inclusion of cycles with perennial pastures in crop rotations showed average SOC sequestration rates of 0.76 tC/ha/yr (± 0.03), exhibiting the greatest potential to increase SOC stocks (Costantini et al., 2016; Gil et al., 2016). Sustainable soil management (SSM) practices (FAO, 2020) such as the above mentioned practices have demonstrated potential to increase SOC stocks in different agricultural systems in Argentina, and thus sequester atmospheric CO2 as SOC to mitigate GHG emissions. However, SOC sequestration from these practices show highly variable sequestration rates, depending on edapho-climatic conditions, land use and management, among other factors. It is therefore relevant to identify which regions, soils, climates and systems have a greater potential to increase SOC stocks, in order to establish priorities for research and implementation of private and public policies.Fil: Frolla, Franco Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bordenave; ArgentinaFil: Angelini, Marcos Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina. Wageningen University. Soil Geography and Landscape group; Holanda. International Soil Reference and Information Centre. World Soil Information; HolandaFil: Beltran, Marcelo Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Peralta, Guillermo Ezequiel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Di Paolo, Luciano E. Global Soil Partnership Secretariat - FAO; ItaliaFil: Rodriguez, Dario Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Schulz, Guillermo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Pascale Medina, Carla. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Alianza Sudamericana de Suelos; Argentin

SISINTAR: Uin paquete para gestionar datos de perfiles de suelo de Argentina

Presentación en diapositivasEl INTA de Argentina mantiene SISINTA un sistema de información para gestionar datos de perfiles de suelo (información de campo, laboratorio y ubicación). Permite búsquedas por atributos y ubicación, así como la descarga de los datos. El paquete SISINTAR fue desarrollado para permitir el acceso, lectura y manipulación de datos de perfiles de suelo de SISINTA de forma programática, utilizando estándares en el procesamiento, visualización y representación de información de suelos y desde R.Instituto de SuelosFril: Campitelli, Elio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Centro de investigación del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de investigación del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina.Fil: Corrales, Paola. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Centro de investigación del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de investigación del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina.Fil: Angelini, Marcos Esteban. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO); ItaliaFil: Rodriguez, Darío M. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Bellini Saibene, Yanina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; Argentin

Machine learning in space and time for modelling soil organic carbon change

Spatially resolved estimates of change in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are necessary for supporting national and international policies aimed at achieving land degradation neutrality and climate change mitigation. In this work we report on the development, implementation and application of a data-driven, statistical method for mapping SOC stocks in space and time, using Argentina as a pilot. We used quantile regression forest machine learning to predict annual SOC stock at 0–30 cm depth at 250 m resolution for Argentina between 1982 and 2017. The model was calibrated using over 5,000 SOC stock values from the 36-year time period and 35 environmental covariates. We preprocessed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dynamic covariates using a temporal low-pass filter to allow the SOC stock for a given year to depend on the NDVI of the current as well as preceding years. Predictions had modest temporal variation, with an average decrease for the entire country from 2.55 to 2.48 kg C m−2 over the 36-year period (equivalent to a decline of 211 Gg C, 3.0% of the total 0–30 cm SOC stock in Argentina). The Pampa region had a larger estimated SOC stock decrease from 4.62 to 4.34 kg C m−2 (5.9%) during the same period. For the 2001–2015 period, predicted temporal variation was seven-fold larger than that obtained using the Tier 1 approach of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. Prediction uncertainties turned out to be substantial, mainly due to the limited number and poor spatial and static, whereas SOC is dynamic and SOC dynamics are of particular interest to carbon sequestration and land degradation studies. Thus, there is a clear need to extend spatial SOC mapping to space–time SOC mapping. temporal distribution of the calibration data, and the limited explanatory power of the covariates. Cross-validation confirmed that SOC stock prediction accuracy was limited, with a mean error of 0.03 kg C m−2 and a root mean squared error of 2.04 kg C m−2. In spite of the large uncertainties, this work showed that machine learning methods can be used for space–time SOC mapping and may yield valuable information to land managers and policymakers, provided that SOC observation density in space and time is sufficiently large.Fil: Heuvelink, Gerard B.M. ISRIC - World soil information; Holanda. Wageningen University. Soil Geography and Landscape Group; HolandaFil: Angelici, Marcos E. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Poggio, Laura ISRIC - World soil information, Wageningen; HolandaFil: Bai, Zhanguo ISRIC - World soil information, Wageningen, The NetherlandsFil: Batjes, Niels H. ISRIC - World soil information, Wageningen, The NetherlandsFil: an den Bosch, Rik ISRIC - World soil information, Wageningen, The NetherlandsFil: Bossio, Deborah The Nature Conservancy; Estados UnidosFil: Estella, Sergio Vizzuality; EspañaFil: Lehmann, Jhoannes. Cornell University. Soil and Crop Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Olmedo, Guillermo F. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Sandermann, Jonathan. Woods Hole Research Center; Estados Unido